FESN Q]GO PL[THCG ]UFO CLEHTD [CHDQ GIQ GI PLJWK GO MH]D LHDQG M[HCO PLLJOG [FLT
MH[C FJC LJON PLDJS FJLD PLLJOG ON LSWQ LQLSWG LJOG FHJ FU COC LHDQD Q]GO RLC LJOG
RHYLJG LJOG O LQLSWG HFHJ FU Q]Q GUD[C ED[OH PGLSLD PLJWK GO HLG FHDO PHQ
PLSHC[ RHYLJG LJOD []LS HOHN LHDQG
MQD PLLJOD HWY[ PC COC LHDQG OND Q]GO []HQ LJOG FESN Q]GO [L]QG CD[ ]UFOH
LJO ML[YH LJON COH LHDQN PLSHFLS FHDO LFL OU IOI PLNHQT PG [CN IC LC D[ ]HQC UD[C
CO L[ KZS RN PLLJOG FESN JKG Z[ CO OHKOKD LHDQG ON [HTC VTHS LJO CODH H[L]GO [JC
[QHCG ]UFO ODC LJO PHQ RHFLS HSLC PLSWDQ GHH XHJDQ GC[SG LJO GUFG LWO Z[ GIH H]UHQ LWN
OU VLTHG GQD LN XHJDQ KOHD RHYLJG LJOG [CN PLLJOG FESN Q]GO []HQ LJO PHQ RHFLS
XHJDQ GC[SH OLCHG U[E CO PLWTHS PLLJO LJOG
L K PLWF
"LJO PHQ RHFLS PCG MWGO HC PLSWDQ GHH XHJDQ GC[SG TW HC LJO IK
PHQ RHFLS CLLJ LD[ L[DFO PLSWDQ GHH XHJDQ GC[S LJO PHQ RHFLS XHJDQ GHH PLSWDQ GC[S
RSJHL LD[ KZS RNH LJO PHQ RHFLS HSLC LD[ [D RHUQ LD[ L[DFOH HSD GD[H CSHG D[ HKZS RNH LJO
CLLJ LD[ GS LWN LJO PHQ RHFLS GNOGO HZLTG C]LL[DGQ HJLNHG RN LWUCH
PLTW LSD ][]LSG [YJ RLDH FJC LJOD []LSG LHDQ RLD ZHOLJ RLC CLEHTD [CHDQH
GC[SH [JCG HZOJQ []HL KOHD HLDHUQ ]YZQ H[DJQ THSN FJC HFY O]HN XHJDQ GC[S OOND
HZOJ PLSWDQ COH XHJDQ GC[S HC [YZ LQLSWG HZOJ XHJDQ PLFQHUO COH PLSWD PLFQHUO
[YZ LSHYLJGH KOHD LQLSWG
PLC[S PSLCH J]WD O]HNG LWHWLE PLC[S GOHFED PLFQHUO L[GH GOHFEO GY[WS GSKZ [YJ RHEND RNH
PC POHCH PLSWDQ COH XHJDQ GC[SN [DFG RHFLS GSKZG [YJD OHKOK LDEO L[G GSKZD PLFQHUO
LSWQ ][]LS GSLC PLJWK GO GOHFEG LO]NQ PLEOWHQ PEH GOHFEG MH]O PLTSNS GSKZG LO]HN HLG
GSKZG O PLO]N P]HCQ PLC[S PSLC GOHFEG LWHWLE
LQLSWG HZOJ O]HN RHEND COC XHJDQ GC[S DJS RLC >L[N COF@ C[GH TH]G L[DFO C
PLFQHUO OON GC[S HSLCH GYHJG O]HNG C[D JSHQG LJO ODC LSHYLJG HZOJQ []HL KOHD
[JCQ GI RHEN OLUHQ GOHFEO GY[WS GSKZ [YJD Z[H@ LJO PHQ RHFLS HSLC LHDQG OOJD
C[GQ LWU >CO [YJ P RLC PC ODC GOHFEG [YJO GYLJQ PLHGQ PLWHWLEGH
PHQ RHFLS GI RLC HC[D COH HUYQC FESN LHDQG L[HJCQ RH]S LJOG [CN ]HUFG ONOH
GOHFEO GSKZ LO]HN PLTSNSD C[QEG L[DF LWU PLSHC[ LJO
PL[QHC L XHJ LWON ]HQC UD[C KOHDH MQS PLSWDQ GHH XHJDQ GC[SG LJOG [CN D
PLSHC[D CDHQ FDC[ GYLJQ PHQ COH H[QC LJO PHQ RHFLS LHDQG [LNQ HSLC
PLWHWLEG GSKZH GOHFE [YJ RHEND CZHF MC [LNQ PL[QHC LH FN CDKL[H CD[
GC[S HSLCN LHDQO OLUHQ HSLC ]LOQ[ND HC PLD[G ]H[D O]HN ODC GOHFEG ]C PL[L]Q
PGL[DF ]QL]TH CLGG GF FN TH] LWU OLUHQ HSLC GQYU ]H[ G]HCO HOLWC L[G PLSWDQ
CO MNLWO PHON PLOLUHQ PSLC XHJDOH PLSWDQ PLC[S PSLC PLWHWLEG RHLN OLH ]HQC F MQS HSLC HOLWC
LQLSWO HOLUHL
IOZ
]UF VTHL
L VF
"HNL[CQ LQN GC[SH LHDQ O HSWHF PU MQSG LJO O HSLF GQ IL
HSLCH LHDQG RWHF ]C ML[CQN GC[S LHDQ O HSWHF PU MHQG LJO CSHG D[ [QC CDC [D LQ[ [QC
RCQN@ LQLSWG HFHJ FU Q]QH LJO PHQ RHFLS ]HQC FQ ]HJW XHJDQ [NLS COC PLSWDQ KOHD
LHDQG OND Q]GO [HTCH LHDQ PHQ RHFLS ]HQC F >[HTC PLLJO RLD [QCF
GUFN GNOGH [HTC RWHC OND LJO PHQ RHFLS HSLC PLSWDQ GC[S HSLCH XHJDQ GC[S PL[QHCG ]UFOH
OSN GSHC[
"H]SZ] FYLN ]HQC [UQ DJ[G LHDQ J]W JL
GSZ XUHS LHO GS "GUL FYLN GFHGL LD[N COH PLQNJ L[DFN HKUQO ML[YH [UQ DJ[ CHG LHDQ
]HQC UD[C MQD G[U GHDE TW GHU COC GSQ G]HCN GNOG RLC [QC ODC HLFH H]LUYQCD
[U HJ]W FJC ON PLJ]W LS HC ]HCHDQ LSN GUS L[GH J]WG UYQCD LHDQ O HN[CO HFLQUQH
][HYD LHDQN CHG L[G LUYQCG LHDQG O]HNO TWG GYZ RLD VTHS RHZL] ML[Y PL[QHC L C
P RLZ]GO ML[Y ]HQC [UQ []HL LHDQG O LUYQCG O]HNG FU TWG GYZQ L PCH@ J
RHZL] RHUK HSLC J ][HYD LHUG LHDQ PL[DHT LH >H OSN OCHQO HOLWC J]WG ][HY
FUH TWG GYZQ L PC Z[ RHZL] ML[Y PL[DHT LH J H OLUOH RCN PLSHC[D U H]LQHQZUD
PHQ D[O HOLWCH EOET CQ[ [HKGH PJH[L HSD[ C[ LWU ]HQC [UQ []HL LUYQCG O]HNG
RLF HO L [UQ ]HJWD VC P UHG ]UFN [ZLUG D]N CEQGH PLD[G ]H[ G]HCO OHWQ LHDQG
RZ]O CO EGSQG PLDLQH OZGO PLKZHS PLZTHW GQNH CDYL[N COFH ]LQHQZUD RHZL] ML[YG PHZU LHDQ
DLYSG LHFJD UUH GI RHEND FHJLD ]LQHQZUD
HO GNHQT CG] HC LHDQG ]C GYHJG TW H]HCD ]UEHS ]HLGO GNL[Y G[HZG PL[QHC L D
LHDQG O]HNN HSLC TWG ML[Y RLC PL[QHC LH PLSHC[D CDHQ FDC[ PLJWK GO MH]D
RLC RN OUH PLJ]W LS PU LHDQN CGL LFN H]HUO HSZ] COC ]HCHDQ LS RCN RLC LN
R[H CDKL[U TWG LDE OU CG] G[HZG ML[Y
]HCHDQ LS PG HOLCN VECH VEC ONO PLJH]W ]H[YJH PL]D HLGL ML[Y PCG HZOJS RN HQN
LCS] ON FJCH FJC ONO ML[Y GSHC[ GUFN EOET UHD ZTWS GNOGOH L[LCQH IHC U HCO PC
LHDQ
FQHU D LF COC L[QEO GQ]TO ML[Y RLCH ]HQC [U OU ]WFHUG GTLSNG PH]TO LHDQG KUQO VTHS RWHC
TW GHUH ]HQC L] ZLJ[Q GQC G[U QJ DJ[ CHG LHDQ GFHGL D[ L[DFN XH[WG OU GDH[Q
]HQC O
EOWHQ CHG LSWQ CDKL[ TH] G[HZ HC [JC LJO ML[Y COC LJON QO TW H]HCD LF RLC C
LSWQ HC [JC M[HYO QQ OOED HC LJO PO FQUHG CO PHQ HC TH] O]HNG RQ
DZUL ]HOGZ G[HC R[Z CZU[ U LJO PHQ RHFLS RLC ]HQC FQ []HL HGL[G XH[WG ZOJG PU
]QC ]W LFESG O]HND HC TWO MHQT LJOG PLO OHNLH G
VL[H L[ [U HJ]W CYQSH LSG FYD PE GI RWHCD TW FLQUL PL[U DJ[ LHDQG GLG D
L[ G DJ[ TW FLQUGOH PLO]NG FJCQ ]HQC F ZLJ[GO OHNL RNH
RLC P]TG RQ ODC@ GI LHDQ O HSHZL] OKD RKZD PLTSNSH OHFEG J]W ]C PLD[G PLJLSQ PC E
JOZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
[N OHFED J]WG ][HY HO GUL PCH >RKZD TSNLGO OHFEG PLJLSQ PLD[G
P DSQD CDHGH CZU[ NQNH OCHQ ][CW] ]GEGN FOET UHDH CEGD
]H H] PL[LNQ LH FHUH [H [HND PLOTHW L O]HNG RQ ]EOWHQ J]WG ][HY RLZ]G
CD[OH CDKL[O RLLYH ENZT ET DSQ U OZGO MHQTO L ZJFG ]UDH FHUH JL CZU[
CDHQ IHC LWU
PL[LHC LS RLD WGHY GU RCN P]SHHN RLC G[HCNO COG HS]LEHTD PGL[DFO GSHHNG PCH PGLHFLJD
V[KYQ HSLC WGHY [LHC P]SHHN COC GLFLYD PL[LHCG LSD GOKDG G[HQE GYLJQQ GWLFU WGHY RLC LCFH
WGHYO PGL[DFQ L GJNHG GQ NCH OSN FO VLUTD CDHQNH PGLSLD FQHUG ]C OKDO [JC [LHC PU
DYH GI RHEND H[DLF CO L[G [N O]HNG RQ ]EOWHQG
PEG HKUQO LFN J]WD PLJWK GUD[C TW ]FQUG LU DJH[G KUQO [WC LQOH[LG ]UFO F
RQ F J C D G[HZH LJO R]HS P [CHDQ FHUH HSQQ PLOHFE TWG LFYD PL[LHCG LS
TWG H]HCO OKDQH CTLE LCGFH CTLE LCGF C[LHC L]C HSFHQO] ]KLO ODC HLFH PLJ]WG
CD[ LWU
"ROGOF ]HY[WGH ]HYLJQG RLF GQ KL
XH[WG LFY LSD PLFQHUG VH[LY LU XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHU C
XH[WN FQHU D
]HJH[ L]Q XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHU GFHGL D[ L[DFQ JLNHGO HY[ C
FQHU DJS POHUO HJFH FQHU HSLC HLOU ]HWFHU FJLD RGL] ODC XH[WG JKGQ GSKZ RGQ ]JC ON [C
H]HC PLOKDQ PL[LHCG >HO PLH HC@ HSQQ PLOHFEG PL[LHC LS RLD RH]S PLFQHUGQ FJC [CN Z[H
GYJQH GQC TW ]FQUG LFL OU LHDQ [HFEO PLCD HSC RHEN FQHUG OU GDH[Q XH[WG GUS DHH
LJOD ][]LSH GYH[W LHDQG ]TLSN MOLCH PQH GYJQH GQC O VTHS TW PLFLQUQH ]HQC L] PLZLJ[QH
FQHUG PU V[KYQ HSLCH PGLSLD FQHUG ]C PLOKDQ GTLSNG [LHC PU ]HQC L] [LHC L[G G[HZ HC
PGLSLD XH[WG OU ]HQC O GDH[Q FQHU FJLD ]HLGO RHC[G
COTCD DZS MNO FQHU LHG CO ]HJH[ L]Q GDH[Q FQHU HKZS UHQO L LQLF D[H RLD[ L[DFQH
HFYD PLFQHUG [HULN ]HJWG ONO HD L PC COC PH]TN DJS HSLC
]HJH[ L]Q FQHU DG ICL[GH IK R[GH DD ZGHDUDH HLHFJD CD[G ]UF GNOGO C
IKZT DT CEQDH Z[WG VHT CEGD CDHG HNZ UH[I [HCD HOLCH XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHU HSLC
GNOGO CDKL[DH TH]D UQQ RNH FHDO RLF LU FQHU CHG PC FDOQ FQHU CHG ZTW
CO FDODH PLOZQG OU MHQTO [WC HL[DFQ UQQH JO O ZT YGUDH JDT DSQ LWU FQHU LHG
]HYLJQ RSL HLFY LSQ XH[W JK
CDHZ PE UH D LTHT JHC CHIJD POHCH CIK ]LYLY OGD DSQGQ [CHDQ RNH FHDO LFL OU PLFQHU HLGL
LQLF D[H RLD[ L[DFQ CLEHTG ]SZTQ GC[S LWNH C]L[HCF RLSUO WNU PL[THCG ]UFO J L CJ
MNOG XH[W DJS HSLC GDH[Q FQHU DJS HSLC PEG ]HJH[ L]Q GDH[Q FQHU GC[S D
CGL FQHUG ML[Y RLCH MND LF XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHU [JC PHZQD GYLJQ G]HCD L PC
LCGFH CTLE LCGF C[LHC L]C PL[QHC PHZQ OND POHCH PLSKZG PLFQHUGQH XH[WGQ GDH[Q
RLSUOH XH[WGH FQHUG DHLJ RLSUO XH[WN DJSH OKD]Q FQHUG [D]TQ OKDQH CTLE
L]Q GDH[Q FQHUD KZS DG ICL[ RHOQ [LUGO LH G C ZT JT CHIJ IK R[ [UQ []HL GY[LW
FQHUG ]C OKDQ XH[WG ]HJH[
KOZ
]UF VTHL
COC POHUG [LHCD OKDQH CTLE LCGFH CTLE LCGF C[LHC L]C PL[QHC RLC [WQ CDYL[ E
RLC LCFH LOND RN [QCS PC PEH FNH LHDQG J]WD RHEN PH]TN H]HC PLDLJQ HSC [LHCD
]C OKDO DZSG [LHC PU CHDL COTUO XHJQ [LHCD RHEN@ HSOKDL POHUG [LHC [QHO MLL
IK ROGOH RCN [D UUH TH] LWU >[HUG
COC HSLC HJLNHG PLSHC[GQ L OKDQH CTLE LCGFH CTLE LCGF C[LHC L]C GI RLF F
HFLQUG GI RWHCD PL[L]Q ]HC[LD LTWD MNOH@ CLG GOLUHQ GYLJQ C]L[HCFQ ODC RSD[FQ
RLC DHJ PHZQ CHG GUD[C DJ[ TWD PL[QHC LH FHUH KL CD[ LWU >G[H] RLF OU
]UFH GUD[CH GF KL TH]G RHOD UUH IL CDKL[ LWU C]L[HCFQ H]HC PLOKDQ PL[LHCG
C]L[HCF RLF CHG GKHS P ]QC]WG
[HTC HC []HQ PCG PLC[HQC HZOJS XH[WN FQHU D
RSJHL LD[ LFLQO] O ]H[HTQ LS HI GOCD ]HO]O HS]LEHTD
KDT JHC IKIK PDQ[ VL[DH IK ROGO []HQ FQHUN XH[W GNOGO
GH PGQ FJC ON PC PE H]HC PLOKDQ PG L[G FQHUG LFY LSQ PL[LHC LS L PC CLEHTD [CHDQH
HOFED HO
ONG PLDLJQ RLC LHDQD ]LULD[ JH[ RHEND CZHF JLNHGO D]N CZTT IU LCRHIJG
]WNC CO FQHUN XH[W RLF LFL OU GYLJQN HOHN O]HNG ]C RHFO [WC ON ODC FQHUN
FQHUGQ GDH[Q ]HY[WGQ FJC PC POHCH H]HQN ]HY[W L] RLD PLSH]SG FQHUG LZOJD HSO
ROGO CDKL[G L[DF PG HOC GC[SH OKDQH CTLE LCGFH CTLE LCGF C[LHC L]C HO GH [JCGH
LLDC [QC RNH HK ROGO UHGL D[F GL[D CSHG D[H CWW D[
IK
IK ROGO UU
"GCQHK RLSUO PH]T [DFN DJGO PG PLW[KYQ PLSWHC HOCD HOOJH COTC COTUG [HU N
]QG OU OGC N DJGO JWKD PLW[KYQ HO OOJH HUYQCD DZS LH CTNG ]LDO LHUG COTUG [HU
PLLUDYCH RCNQ PLLUDYCH RCNQ PLLUDYC [TQ LQF D[ DZSG OFHED PL[HUL LS H[QCSH FHUH L[WN
LLDC [LWH UYQCD JHL[ UDYCH RCNQ GYJQH UDYCH RCNQ GYJQH UDYC [TQ RLD[H UYQCD JHL[
COC ]ZHOJQ PGLSLD RLC [WO GY[ LQLF D[N COH@ [HTC HC []HQ PC XH[WN FQHU RLFD HZOJS
>CZHFD HCOH ]HZFD FJCH ]HDJ[ ]HUDYCD [DLF FJC
DZSG ]J] PGQ FJC PC ODC [HUG ]J] PLONGH GCQHKG [CN COC OGCD CQKQ RLC C
JL GNHT LWU PLSHC[ [HGK
PH]TN DJS RLC GC[S L[ RHOQ HO GH HC DZSG OU GDH[Q PLFQHUG RQ FJC Z[ GLG D
PU DZSG PHZQ V[KYQ MNLWO [HQCN OGC HSLC DZSG ]J]H OLCHG PUKG [LWH FLHT[ [IS LSDCD ZLLF RN
LCFH []HQ FQHUN XH[W [QHCG ]UFO [CHDQ R[D MC OHFEG FQHUG OU GD[ ]HLGO [YZG FQHUG
RLFG CHG UQQH@ DZSD GYJQH PLLUDYCH RCNQ UDYCH RCNQ GYJQH PLLUDYCD RLFG CHG
ZW]TGO D]N D LTHT JHC CHIJDH >XH[WG OU GDH[Q PLFQHUG FJC [CN [HTC FQO
[DFD
[DF ODC HD DZSG LFL OU COC LONN QQ HSLC COTUG [HU RHEND CZHF D]N LQ L E
LWU HLOU GDH[Q FQHUG HOLWC GCQHKG ]C CLDGO HQU V[KYQ [LHCG RLC DZS HD L [JC
F[ PLON ]H[GK L[FT
QZ