G[H]GQ FLJLG ]H[ O LHDQG ]C GHU HSLC LCFH [NND VH]L
RLFQ COC GYLJQ RLFQ OLUHQ HSLC PLSWDQ GHH XHJDQ GC[SG LJO [QHO PLFFYQ L C
]HOGZ U [DFD ZW]TS CHIJDH S OCW[ ][H] LWU [HKW CGL PLD[G ]H[Q HNH]O Z[HIGH [NLG
EYJ[ JHC [IS LSDC LWU GYLJQ PHQ OLUHQ GI VC JLNHG LQ LH G DZUL
GNOG [HCDD RGQ ]JCO LLO JH[D LJO MQTH PCE RLQN G[L ]LHID ]HNHQT ]HSWF L] D
RCN L HOLCNH GYLJQ PHQ LJOG G[H]GQ FLJLG ]H[N JK H]HC DJS D]N CET
GYLJQ PHQ LJO PL[QHC RLC PL[HCDH PLHFJ [WTD JLNHGO D]N RNH ZOHJ LCRHIJGH ]HSWF O
J]W HD LH PLO]NG ]C [DJQG O]HN L HOLCN PLDLJQ OHQQ O]HN LN COC
FHUH DN CD[ GI[ LWU GYLJQ PHQ LJO GNOG E
UD[C ]WZHQG COC FLJLG ]H[ ]DJS GSLC G[H]GQ UQQ KIL ]D PDQ[G ]KL
]H[ ]LUS LJOG LFL OUH >RSD[FQ ]LOQ[N @ [HKW PHZQ COC GSLC OD ODC ]HYLJQ
CGL LFN FLJLG ]H[ PHZQG ]C R S D [ F Q GHU G[HZG RNH@ ]LULD[ GYLJQ HQN FLJLG
LWU > FLJLG ]H[ D COC DH[LUH VH]L ][H] HSZ] CO VH]L ]HUO GFL OU [WC
FY ROGO L[LCQG LHFJD UUH@ CNNCU[ [IS LSDC RLDH[LU OG L[ PDQ[G L[DF [HCDD LHOG J[EG
HL[DFQ GOHUGH PDQ[G ]UFO CLEHTG [CDO D]N CL CJ TLESD [I[EG LHFJDH > P DI[EG ][UGDH
DYH ]LULD[ GYLJQ ]HHGO PH]T LHDQD G[H]GQ OLUHQ [NLG PHQ LJO CD[O VC
EL VF
GQO G]OLEQ ]DL]N LSLFH GKHTO G[H] [WTQ GKHT ][W ]ZLJQ GKHT ]OLEQH G[H] [WT ]DL]ND HLFD PH]SZSZ ]OKG LSLF
N GKHTD H[CD]S
FL EL PLWF
"LHDQG ]C ]SZ]QG G[HZG O GL]HNOGH GLCS] PGQ C GN
]JC HC GHD ]HNHQT ]H[HZ L] RNH "GI O]HNQ ]JCH GI O]HNQ GCYHL ]JC ]H[HZ L] O RSLF GQ D
"GKQO ]JCH GOUQO
HJ[QQ RCNQH RCNQ G[HZG OU VFHUGH@ GYJQH JWK HOFE JL[C ODZO LFN JWK GDJ[ H[QC G[HZG C
>RLSD M[FN KLKD
OH Z O G]LG HOLWC COC ML[Y RLC GFHGL LD[OH JL[C ODZO LFN GCL[D CG] GNL[Y PLQNJO
PL[QHC L GKHW CLG HOLCN G]HC PLCH[ GQHZU G]LG ]N]Q O CLG HOLCN G]HC PLCH[ PLSZ
CLG HOLCN G]HC PLCH[ GOHEU R[U [H[D [DFG RLCH FHUH CDKL[ LQOH[L LWU PLQNJO HOLWC
JWK G[KHZ GI [HULD RN PLJWK GO M[YSG OHELUG VZLG ]UDH[Q
GCL[D GSLC LWUC GDJ[ D[ [D CLLJO GFHGL D[ GS LWN CO GCL[DH GDJ[ ]HSO [QC D[
GCL[D CG] ML[Y RLC D[ [QC LCUOLC [ [QC PLJWK GUD[C GDJ[G G[HZD PHZQ ONQH
[HFELDC [G GFHGL LD[ L[DFN KZS GFHGL D[N CO PLQNJN GNOGO ZTW D[ PL[WQ L C
GLHS HSLSWO GSQG ]T[E ILWOH GSQD PLQNJ L[DF ]T[ED GLG RHFLSG PL[WQ LH
MWGO PLQNJN GFHGL LD[ ]T[E GSH GLG D[ QLH ][ >GNOG MNH@ D[ RZL] LWN
MN OU HZG TH]GH CDKL[ PD[ HS]SQD LHSGQ
JQZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
PDQ[GH VL[GH CD[H CDKL[U GDJ[H GCL[D ML[Y RL]LS]QF PLQNJN GNOG
JL[C ODZO LFN GCL[D ]HLGO GNL[Y GUD[C GDJ[ HOLWC HZTW QQDH
GC[S RNH CDKL[ LWU FJC JL[C PL[DFG ]QL]T LW OU PL[WQ L JL[C ODZO LFN D
O G[H >LQOH[LG LW OU@ PL[WQ LH ELIL ]D GSQ FLEQ U PDQ[G L[DF ]QL]TQ
PLSHC[D CDHQ FDC[ G[HZG OU PLJL[C
JL[C ]ODZQ GSLCH GHOJ CLG ]N]Q O G]LG HOLWC FCQ GZF G[HZG PC PL[QHC L E
H[HQ PD CDKL[ G[N GSLC
H]LQCO LWUC LHDQO G[N ZHLFD PLJWK GO GWZLG GOHEU G[HZ [QHO PLFFYQ L F
O LW VZGG ]C RHFO GQO O PLQ PLQNJ HFQO MN JWKQ ]HJW KUQ [KHZG [DF O
T[KSHZ JLZT DU RHLYG [U ELO FHL RJOG MH[U GL[C [HE LWU ZHFZFD HSLC PEG [KHZGQ
GTZ CJ XD] LWU QQ JWK DJH[ ML[Y [QHO PLKHS LH GSUK DLQ
HLGL PLNL[Y PCG PLQNJ ]UFD PLC[HQC HZOJS LHDQG LO]N J[ ]HF]LG L[ G[HZG LFLQUQ
CSHG D[ [D GD[ HCO PC CFTJ D[ JL[CH G[HZ ODZO LFN PLCL[D
ELIL ]D
GO UZ[ZG RQ GGLDEGH ]OYJQ G[HZG OU T[W ] D[ L[DFNH LHDQG ]SZ]Q GSLC GTHNQ G[HZ
CDKL[ G[HZ [NLG RCN RLCH [JCQ G[HZN G[N GSLC GYLJQGH GTHNQ L[G RCN RLC G[HZ PLJWK
GD PLUZHD PLLFEG L[G RCN RLC GYLJQ
G[U MH]O ]TSNSH PLJWK G[U ]OOHQG G[HZ HLHFLJDH ZGHDUD CD[G ]UFO
PLLFEG L[GH GYLJQ ]HLGO G[HZ ][H]Q GCYL LWO LHDQG ]C G[LNQ GSLC UZ[ZGQ
G[U ]OO]Q PC GOHTW UZ[ZO LQ GKQO ]TSNS CO HOLWC H]UFD CL@ GL]J] PLUZHD
GNOGO PLZTHWG HZOJSH G[NH G[HZ ][H]Q GCYL CO [DHTH ZOHJ C[GH >PLJWK
HHU LC RHIJ GY[ [IS LSDC DSQH FNET JHC U LQ GKQO ]TSNSG G[HZD
ML[Y RLC O]HNG RLDO GSLD PLJWK GOQ ]HJW GI O]HND ]UEHS GSLCH GI O]HNQ ]CYHLG G[HZ
GUD[C ED[ L[DFOH ][JC G[HZ CLDGO ML[Y GO FHDO ][JC G[HZ CLDGO
RNH GYHJG PZU]Q GSQQ ]YZQH LHDQG MH]D G]LG KJ OLUO U LHDQG MH]D ]HLGO GNL[Y G[HZG
ZOJG OKSL HOLC ON PLCH[ PLJWK G[UQ GKQO ]F[HL HC GQC PL[UQ GOUQO GOHUG ]LQHQZU
][JC G[HZ CLDGO ML[Y RLC GUD[C ED[OH PLJWK GO ZTWG PL[CSG PLZOJG RLD RLCH CYHLG
C[LI LD[ ML[Y HCO PCH
G[N PLJWK GOQ []HL GD[G ]QZU]Q HOLWC RLFN LHDQG MH]D GOHN G[HZG G]LG
[WTD PSQC PLSHC[ [CH PDQ[G RHO ]QL]TQ JNHQ RN GKHW G]LG HOLCN PLCH[
[LNGO KZS GHU CHIJDH HT ZT ET DSQ GID PLZWZWQ [IHUG RDC LHFJDH DZUL RHCE
RGLSLD PLJWK GOQ ]HJW HIO HI ]HULEQ RSLCH GI O]HNQ ]JCH GI O]HNQ ]CYHL ]JC ]H[HZ L] D
][JC G[HZ CLDGO ML[Y GUD[C GO ][JC G[HZ CLDGO ML[Y RLC GUD[CQ ]HJW ED[OH
[HUL HSLLGF HDJ[O JL[C FJL RGL] ]HODZQ PC HI OYC HI ]HDNHQH ]HH ]HQLC]QG ]H[HZ L]
HN[CO JL[C ]HODZQ PC [QHC ED[ ML[Y HCO PCH ][JC G[HZ CLDGO ML[Y RLC RGL] RLD JWK
KQZ
]UF VTHL
]HJW RGL] HOLWC CD OZGO ED[ ML[Y RCNQ ]HJW ][JC G[HZ CLDGO ML[Y RLC GO
GNHT L[ [N HFDN ODZO ]HCL[D RGH GO HN[C JL[C DLHQ HIQ HI RZLJ[Q CHGN PC JWKQ
DN
UYQCD [LHCG [HULN RQYU ]H[HZG L]D RLC HOLWC [N PLQNJO PL[QHC L
]UFD R[G NNH CDKL[UH CD[ LWU JWKQ []HL [LHCG CGL CO FDODH PLOQ
DNET OGCDH [C UH L[
JH]D HH[LWO PLNTGH GNIL ]D FDC[ PGLSLD GYJQH JWK FU [LNGO D]N LQ LH
RGLSLD PLJWK GO FU [LNQ PL[WQG DH[ H[LWN GNIL ]D PDQ[GH
JD GNHTD L[ LWU JWK RDJ[ FJLDH IOI ]HFHQYG ]H[HZD COC [N RLC PL[QHC LH
I LGZ UH PDQ[G ]UFD PE RN KZS GL[WGH ]HLSHQLLQ ]HGEG FHUH ET
]C HC GKQO CLG HOLCN GSHLOUG PLCH[ [QHC GFHGL LD[D LTHL LD[ GKQO ]JCH GOUQO ]JC HLG
COH GQC PL[UQ GOUQO CO LHC[G PHZQG MH]D HLGL RGL] FDODH GOUQO CLG HOLCN GSH]J]G
RLCH[ [QHC HLDC ]KLN HL[DF LLDC [WH PLJWK G[UQ GKQO
LD[ [L]G COH JWK HDJ[ [DFD COC LQ[ KHDJ PL[QHC RLC [CHDQ DN GNHTD C[QED
HOLWC PLOTHW PLQNJH PLJWK GO ]H[HZG RLD GDHE [WG RLCN COC GFHGL LD[D LTHL
TH] JL[C ODZO GLHC[G G[HZ CG] ML[Y P]KLO GOQ ]HJW ]HQLC]Q ]H[HZD
]H[HZ L]D RLCH[ PL[QHC PLFHQH L[DL[ OU PLZOHJ PSLC PLQNJ [WQ LQ LH
FHUH CDKL[
KZS GC[SNH@ [N GFHGL LD[D LTHL LD[N >PLSHC[G H[LW LWN@ ZTW GNIL PDQ[G
[WG RLCN CZHF H]UFD PL[QHC L >I DZUL ]HOGZ R[ LWU [DFD PLZOHJ PSLC PLQNJ
QQ U PLJWK GO [WGD HOLWC PL[WQ LH ET GL[W QTN U RGLSLD GO GDHE
OHTWO PLQNJN HZTW R[H C[U P[GQH VL[GH I DZUL ]HOGZ
FL VF
"HQHZQ RNLGH LHDQG ]C RZ]QG LJOG [HUL HGQ HN
[QHON CLLJ LD[ GS RN OD[TG KHJN HOLWC CHG ON RLLDHUH RDJ[ PLJWK G[U RGDHE H[QC PLLJO
LTHL LD[ FJC LJOD LF PL[QHCG PLQNJO RG PLLJO LS ML[YQG C[O RG RHNS GI RLF R[ [HUL HO RLC
PLJWK GO RDJ[ [QHC
[DN PUG EGSQ OU MHQTO [QC LLDC POHCH >LD[ PE KZS RN@ LTHL LD[N GNOGO HKZS PLC[HQC HLG
CDKL[ GNOG RNH CD[ L[DFO [CHDQ RNH ]JC RHO LWO GN HGQ LJOD HEGS
LYJG RZL] LHDQ LYJ HO L GD[G HNH]O HTLSNG COC HC[D HJLSG CO LHDQ LYJO LJO GU
HOHND Q]GO HCHDL CQ PLHJ RLCH LQLSWG
R[GH NIL ]D QQ LC FZG ]FHDUDH KS CD[ G[HZO RLFG CHG HKZS PLSHC[ GQN
GO GYHJ Q]L CQ PL[IHE G[HZG ]J] Q]GO []HQ RHLN CQ [DFD ZW]TS
ED[O HOLWCH PHON COH GU CO GO O]HNG RQ HELOWG HC GO UZ[ZG RQ LJOG GLDEG
SZ