HOHND [HTC L[ D]N [U OU G[]L GY[LWD
PDQ[G ]UF RNH GY[LWG FESN COC [HTC RLC HD]N PLSL TH]DH UL[I] NH]O FDC[G
PLSHC[ [CH CD[G IKI PLCON
H[LWD PE UH PGLZTWD ICL[GH FL[G ]UF RNH
IL IK PLWF
GQN "FLJLDH G[LLD RNH]D OKOKO ]HOLUHQ PCG PLWHZI PLSZQ HC PLJH]Q PLODJQ ]HLHUG ]HYLJQ C KN
"PLSZG HC PLODJG RLD ]HLGO ML[Y [WG
"OHKOKG ][]Q PCG GLHO] GYLJQ D
]FQUG HC GIQ GOUQO GI PLJH]Q PLODJ ]WZG LFL OU GL]HDLDT ]HYLJQ ]HUO GOHNL G]SJ G[LL C
G[U OOHNG GGDHE CGLH PLJWK GO GSZO GSZ RLDH ODJO ODJ RLD GLGL CO FDODH PLWHZI PLSZ
ON PL[LHCG GO PU L[GH JWK OU []L OOHNG RLLDHUN PLODJ GO ]JL]QD ILWO LFH@ PLJWK
>G[U GDHEO RHLOUG ODJG ULEQ PLJWK GOQ ]HJW PGQ FJC
PLQNJH L[ D[UH L] GYLJQD CGL FU HOLZG CO FLJLD ODC GFHGL LD[ L[DF H[DLF G[LLD
ON [QHCH ZOHJ GFHGL LD[D LTHL LD[ G[LL COD RLFG CHG ODC GHHGD COC G[LLD H[DLF CO PL[QHC
FLJLD HOLWC PL[L]Q PLQNJH GYLJQ GSLC D[U OH L] O GSLC GYLJQ
CQZ CS]O ]HUDH[Q GQC ]JCH PLUDO DH[Z PL]CT ]LDQ OHFEG JK VZLGD P]ZHOJQ C[QED H[LWH
HOLWC L[DL[OH G[LLO COC H[L]G CO GFHGL LD[O [DFQD MOHGG FLJLO VC D[UD HC L]D H[L]G
CO FDODH DHLDH FLJLD HOLWCH PN[Y ON PL[L]Q PLQNJH PLCT ]LD COC PLS]HS RLC G[LLO
PL]CT ]LDQ ]HJWD POHCH VZLGG OND OKOKO [HTC IC LN PLHQLH PLONQ LHSW PL]CT ]LD CGL
PD GOLJ]D [F LWN CO@ GNOG ZLTG RQJS D[ ONG L[DFO D[U ]YLJQ HC L] ]YLJQ GOLUHQ
PL]CT ]LD PLS]HS FLJLO MNOG G[LLD L[DL[ OU PLZOHJG PLQNJNH FLJLD GFHGL LD[N >OCHQ
PN[Y ON PGO PLS]HSH G[LL HUS GO ODC PLSC LSO RNH HI GYLJQD
]HYLJQD []HQH [DFQDN DHLD FLJL RLF LC[]D RSD[N ZTW FHUH RQJS D[N VL[G ZTW C
[HTC DHLD CQZ CS]O HKZS UQQH PDQ[O GSQG H[LWD QNH J[ NNH PL]CT ]LD FU ]HUH[E
ONG L[DFO []HQ PL]CT ]LD FU KZSH MN OU GQ] CD[D CDHQ FDC[GH PL]CT ]LD HOLWC
PL[QHC LH [HDO RLODJ [QHC GLSSJ JL ROGOFN PLODJ H[L]G [HDG RQ PLQ ]DLC M[HYO PE
CDD RD L[H ZU[ L[DF [WO DUT DN CDKL[G FFY RN PLCS] ]ZHOJQD LHS [DFG
[]HG CO VW[ZD HOLWC ]HDO CD FLJLD HC G[LLD OHKOK PL[L]Q PLQNJ PL[QHC L D
[]HQ ]HDO GCDG G[LLO ODC [HTC FLJLO GFHGL LD[OH@ PL]CT ]LDQ OHFE CHG G[LFO
PL[QHC LH HOLWC GF JL CQLOLC GF CL TH] DN ROGOH RCN CD[U >G[LFO []HG CON VC
ROGOH RCN CD[H R[U G[LFO VZHGD COC >G[LLD HOLWC CQH@ FLJLD PLQNJ H[L]G CO
K [IS LSDC UUH DZUL RHCE T JHC DUT GN
P OKOKO [HTC PLSHC[G ONN DH[ ]UF PLCT Q ]HJWG JK VZLGD LHSW PL]CT ]LD E
L[D QNH >L[DL[O CGH@ CDKL[H CD[ PDQ[D QNH OCSSJ HSD[D [HWQ RN G[LLD HOLWC
P DSQD CDHQ DZUL RHCEH [CH IKU MN OU PLSH[JCG HELG [DNH RN ZTW CO CT UHDH
LH PLLJ ][H] HNZ DJ IHC ICL[H FL[ LWU FJL PL]CT ]LD FU COC []G RLC PLSO PE
IKUH [DFD ZW]TS LDDH L[LCQD U FJC ONO PL]CT ]LD PL[DHTH PLZOHJ
FSZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
G[LL DJGO PLS PU V[KYQ HSLC RKZ PL[QHC L RNH G[LL ]HHGO V[KYQ HSLC L[NS
HOZG PLSHC[GQ LH T CQ[D CDHGH [LQJGO PJH[L HSD[H DLIK PDQ[G ZTWH LQOH[LD HZW]TS RN
RJOG MH[U LWU PG FJCN H]CH LCH RKZN GKHH [JH ZGFHDU U [DFD
PQ CLYHGO RLC PL[QHC L QQH ]LOQ[NN HI L[G FLJLO PL]CT ]LDQ []HL VZHG F
T DSQD CDHQ H] LWU FLJLG ]H[ CHG VZLGG PHZQ G[H] RLFQ LN ][JC ]LOQ[NO
EIU CHIJ U PNTHQ [DFG RLCH GZT
HC PGLSLD [LHCG OU GDH[Q PH]TG PLWHWY PLODJ HC PLSZ ]YLJQ FFLY ]QC ]WD G
PLTWQ GLHUG GYLJQ PLSW ON OUH D[U ]YLJQ HC L] ]YLJQ OOND HI RLC HGHQN
PLZF PLSZD HOLWC KZS EIU LC RHIJDH L] ]YLJQ ]DJS GSLC LCFHD GUD[C PLDJ[
FQHUG ON FHDO RLF COD HOLWCH CLG GDHK GYLJQ [LHCGQ GDH[Q FQHUG JKG ON
GUH[E GYLJQ OOND GSLC ]HQO ]HSWF LS LH GDH[Q
PL[JCG PLSZG RLD [LHCG ON FESN PLSZ L MN ]HDN GQND PLSZ FLQUG PC GC[S H
RHLN PGLSLD [LHC L LWUC L] O GYLJQ HI RLC GOQ ]HJWD IOI PLNHQT POHNH
FIU CHIJ LWU HO GYHJ GOHEQ [LHC VZHQG PHZQG RLC
L] O GYLJQD RH]SG D[U O FJC GSZ FFY D ]HC T RHLYG [UD HZL]UG PLFEQL[WG I
PH GIQ ]HUO CCH @ MN OU ZOJ FIU LC RHIJDH D[UH L] O GYLJQ HI L[G MWGO HC
> OZGO VLST
HOLWCH D[UD FQHUN XH[W RLFQ DHLDH FLJLO VC []HQ [WC HLYJD D[UH L] GU PCH
LWU PLLFE ]ULZD RLCH PLJWK GO PLSZG RLD RLC RHLN FDOD L] L X[CO MHQTD PC
P CHIJ
CT GNOG [HCD LWU D[UD HC FDO L]D ]LULD[ JH[D LF ]HOHUQ ]HYLJQ O L [CN J
L]D OLUHQ PCG ]HSWFG OD [UQ []HL GY[LW RHZL]D RLLUO LH EIU LC RHIJ RHEN GF
P CHIJ [D]TQ RNH D[UD HC
D[O OGYD FUHQH ]D [WTG MH]Q PHLN CDY ]HSJQD OHKOK LSLF O GNOGO PHNLT GSG K
GS[GQ[ QU CKLO RFLDC GQ PG[DC
L]D HGHWLZG D[UH L] O GYLJQD LC[U RLD UHDZ GSJQ RLD GSJQG VLZGO L GOLJ]NO
L UDZ GSJQD >RIHCQD PLJH]QG OL] LKHJQ [FE ]HWZHQG ]HSJQD [DFG LHYQH@ D[UD HC
GSJQD ODC LHSW PL]CT ]LDQ []HL JK P L [CN PE HNH]D OKOKOH ZJFG ]UD OZGO
[L]GO RLC >PLFJ HC FJQ []HL P PLCYQS HOLWC@ PLOGC COC PLSLSD P RLC LU[C
GO IQI PLZJH[G [FED PLFHQU L HOLWCH LHSW PL]CT ]LD P L [CN OHKOKG
LHSW PL]CT ]LD HD [LCGO OZGO RLC GQJOQ RQID VCH []HLH PLJWK
G[N ]LULD[ GYLJQ [H]D D[U HC L] O GYLJQ
RHLOUG HC RH]J]G GLYJ [CN ODC HIN CLG GGDE DH[DN COC D[U ]YLJQ ]DJS GSLC
CLG GOHUQ GYLJQ D[UH L] HD L
]LD CGL CO PYQHYQ JK GD VLZGO OF]GO L GOLJ]NO J]WG ][HY LU GYLJQ
[]HQ OHKOKG FDULFD ODC LHSW PL]CT
RHEN [DFD CSHSQG D[ ZW]TS D[U ]YLJQD GYLJQ HI L[G L] ]YLJQD XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHU
GSZ
]UF VTHL
]HJW GFLQUGH GKQO HGQH GOUQO GUD[C GD [LCGH GO GD ZZJH HGQH GUD GGDHE ]OYJQ
GUD[C RHLOUGH FHDO LFL OU FQHU PLJWK GO RH]J]G ZOJG CYQS UZ[ZO MHQT GOQ
[LHCGH CHG L[G HSQQ OHFE HC GOUQO FQHUG ]FLQN UYQCD XH[WG PC ODC@ XH[W GO UYQCDH
>FQHUG ]C PLOKDQ GOUQOQ
FDC[GH FHUH CD[G LHFJ LWU C[QHJO EHGSO L GLUDG GKWS COH OLCHG PL[QHC L C
RLSUO L]N D[UG HO KHW L[G [JC RLSUD CSHSQG D[ ]LLUD FLQUG LC D[ RHLN D]N
]FHDUD CD[G KZS RNH C[ [D]TQ RNH [DFG OU OHCO M[YHG COH XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHU
KDT JHCD ZTWS RNH ICL[GH CDKL[G NNH D FZG
PLCOQ PLJWK G[U HSLC FQHU DH[ H]HCH L]D GDH[Q FQHU COC P RLC HOLWC GC[SH
LC RHIJ LWU D[UG PU L]G O ]HY[WG V[YO MLL RLCH OLUHQ D[UG DH[ LFL OU COC
GIU
LWU XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHUN HSLF D[U ]YLJQD RLFG CHG []HQ XH[WN FQHU [QHCG ]UFO D
K ZT JT CHIJD UH ]CI CYHQ G]C FYLN GQ] P OGCDH DSQDH KDT LDH UHK >U@ CDKL[
EZT IU IK
[UQ []HL XH[WG M[HCH >OLUHQ FYG LWO@ D[UD XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHUN RHLU ML[Y E
]QC ]W LWU HCO PC [UQ GOHFEG GY[LW RLFN OHTW PCG ]HQC
L[U UZ[ZG OUQ []HL HC PLJWK GO GLHO]G G[U GGHDE GLHO] GYLJQ D[Q OC CODK LD[ D
[L]GO PLQD PLQNJ HOZG CHG OZ PLQD COC ][]Q GLHO] GYLJQ RLC HO [QCH GD[HJD [L]] HGQ
P]HCOQO
L[WN GKQO XH[WG OU GDH[Q GOUQO FQHUG [CN [DFD ZW]TS CSHSQG D[ LC D[ H[LW LWO
CUD [WO GY[ CWDH
CLKU CHIJG JLNHG RN GDLD ][]Q GLHO] GYLJQ RLC PLLFE ]ULZD GKQO PTJN PE
RN PL[HQ RLC T]JG L[DF OU O GQ]H DIU
Z[ HZLTGH ]LOQ[ND OHKOK []G RLSUO GLG ZWTG Z[ GYLJQ GSLC LCFH G[H]GQ GC[SH
DIU CHIJ LWU HOZG PLQD
IL VF
]DD PGQ FJC ]QH PLQNJ H[L]G LWN OHKOKG PGO [L]GO ]HUH[E ]HYLJQ HUH [DFQD HLG GO C O
]HYLJQ RLSUO GI RHEND RLFG GQ "HCO PC ]DG MH]D PSLF GS]S PCG ]DD PGLOU HWTH]SH PLS HC
"P]TS PLD[HUQ PL]D RLD J]W RNH ]DD HOWS LJOH G[HZ HC RSD[F
"GSJQD PLQNJ H[KW PL[DF HOC D
"RLQHJ] [HTLC OU PLZHO PCGH RSD[F HC C]L[HCF RLQHJ] PCG E
OLCHGH G]TLSND ]Q[HE ]D [QC CSHG D[ PGLOU HWT]SH PLS HC PGQ FJC ]QH PLSC GO C
DYQ LWO MOLO L POHUOH PLQ[HE PL[HLF [QC ZJYL LD[ G[TCS G[TCS PC HC G[]HG G[]HGH
GHHGD PL[HLFG
]D RHOJG J]WG P]TSH RHOJG HC J]WG M[F PL]D HC ]H[YJ D[LU GD[O CSHG D[ [QC RN HQN
HSZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
DH[LUO ]HLHC[ RLC GUD[C PGD RLC ]HSHOJ [C M[F GIO GIQ [LDUGO []HQH G[]HG G[]HGH OLCHG
P]TS PC RNH CZ ]D C[QE LWU TH] HQHZQO DH[LUG [IJ UHDG UYQCD J]WSH J]WG [IJ
C[G ZTW RN []HQ GQYU ]DD J]WSH [IJH UHDG UYQCD
HZOJS ]DD HLJO HC H][HZ GOKLS LHDQ HC ]DD ]HJH[ L]Q HY[WS ]LD HC [YJ RLSUO POHCH
GLHO] GSLC PLC[HQCG ]ZHOJQ C[QED H[QCH [THC LTHL LD[H ]D G]HCO [L]Q GFHGL LD[ PLCS]
]HYLJQG OLUO NCQ PFHZQN PSL RL[HLFG MFLCQH ]UN ]HCYQS RSLC ]HYLJQG RCN LN HI ]ZHOJQD
ZJYL LD[ [TC HS]S RL[HLFGH OLCHGH N PLSHC[ GI ZHOLJ LLDCH GD[ PL[DHT RNH CSHG D[ [L]G ]HQLLZ
HKZS FHUH JZ RKZ XD] N R[ ICL[ CDKL[ C[ VL[ HK OLUOH RCN TH]U PLSHC[G GD[G C
]HYLJQGN POHCH > TH] ]HQLLZ ]HYLJQG HOLWC [THC D[ LWUC@ CSHG D[N GNOG
N CD[D PE UH CEGD CDHQ IHCD ZTW RNH [HTCO LTHL LD[N GNOG TH]G PLKZHS HZO]TS
HSLC C[QEG ZHOLJ HKZS TH]G PD CDKL[G CLDG RNH RCN FL[G ZTW RNH P PLSHC[ LH
CSHG D[N GNOG RLC L[G [THC LTHL LD[N GNOG RHLNH CQOUD LHJLF COC
ON FHQUO LHC[ [L]QG [DFG GLG CO GOLJ]Q [CN G[]HG G[]HGH OLCHG ]D PL[QHC RLC D
I[U [IS LSDC UH H Z[W TH] LWU ]DG
DL TH]G HKZS ]H[NLSRSLC]HYLJQ HUS COC L[QEO HZO]TS CO ]HYLJQG [CN E
G[]HG G[]HGH OLCHG ]D PL[QHC
OHQ]CQ HLOU HNQT CO LJO P LH ]DD OWS LJOD [L]GO GDH]D CZU[EG ZW]TSH
DLET UHD COC G[]HG G[]HGH OLCHG [QHO L [NLG PHQ COC RH[TJG RLC RHLN
J DZUL ]HOGZ UUH GID FFY ILIKCU[ HFU[ [IS LSDCD UH RN GC[S RLC
HSZ OL[GQ ]HD UU PLZTHWG ]ZHOJQ GQHJ ]WZHQG [LUD G[HZ HC LJO ZHOLT
L[ ]H[G ]QJOQO ]CYHLG GSJQD H[KW PL[DF GUD[C D
HOLWCH PLYU [C VC COC UHGL LCS]Q ONO PL[]HQ FNH PLYHZ Z[ CO PHZQ ONQ PLYU PLCLDQ
PLDLH PLHO]
PLSH]S PLYUG [CN PLYU ]CDG G[]HG CO CDHQ CDKL[H CD[D CDHQ LQOH[LD
PDQ[O ]HLSQG H[LWH CDKL[U HSFHQO] ]KL HI RLC PL[QHC LH ]HOLDJD
PLQ ODC@ LQOH[L P]F[K LSWQ L[LCQH R]SHGL [ LWU GOLW]GH GOLNCG LSWO PLFL ]YLJ[Q PL[HKW
>LC [D CLLJ D[ PLSLUG ]C CQTQG ]LQHFT JOQ LSWQ LLDC GDHJ PLSH[JC
>LCQF ]HOLJG CLSTNCG ]C PLOLNCQ RLC LCQ ]LDOH@ LCQFQH
>C]L[HCF RLQHJ] [DHT LCSL LD[ LDF CO RLQHJ] LDH[LU ODC@ ]H[YJ LDH[LU D[UOQH
PGLSLD J]W L PC COC [YJO [YJQ OKOKO H[L]G CO L[ RHOQ ZLLFQ LQ L C
H[L]G UQQ PLNOQ ]HNOGD PDQ[D HOLCH [HTC J]W COD ODC HD[LU HOLCN PHCU
HI [IS LSDC LWU J]W ML[Y RLCH FLJLG ]H[O FLJLG ]H[Q OKOKO L[QEO
LDH[LU D[UOQ GSJQG H[KW >ROGOFNH OLQ DLD HOLWCH@ RSD[F RLQHJ] PL[DHTG ]UFO D
FHUH ICL[GH FL[G HZTW RNH RLQHJ]
Z[ GODEG COD MOLO PGO []HG CO >GSQG RHO ]HUQQ LW OU@ RDQ[G L[DFD [CHDQH
PLNL[Y PG RHHLN OND PLWOC F [H[DO ]H[ PLQNJ PGO HS]SH DH[LUG ]LLUQ PH[KW
HFLTWG GQC PLLWOC J[IQO PLNOHG PC GC[SH GOYGO UEHS [DFG RLCN PE MHOGO
ISZ
]UF VTHL
MOLO L[QEO PGO H[L]G PDQ[G ]UFD D]N LQ LH DLZ LTHT LC RHIJ LWU D[UQO
]UD[C VHTD G]LD HSZL PLWOC ]SHQ MOLO PLYH[ PCH JH[ ONO GQC PLWOC ]UD[C
HD[LU HOLCN PHCU COC L[QEO H[L]G CO KZS L[ ]UFD MC I [IS LSDC LWU PLWOC
PL[DHZ PGO L LW OU VC@ PL[DZS P HE[GS PHZQDH PHZQ OND PLSHJ VC [QHC CQL] RD GFHGL LD[
>HQHZQ GSHZG GHYQ L]QN PSLCH
CD[G KZSH GSJQ [FED ]HUF GQN H[QCS LQOH[LD
GSJQ OOND PLSC G[U EC RLDH[LU
GQC PLUD FU VH[LY [HUL [WCH FJC PHZQD PLSHJ G[UG HLGL ML[Y GC[SH
DLZ LTHT LC RHIJ [LU VH[LY [HULN PLL[LH
G[UO P]HC PLW[YQ RLC PLSLQG GC[SH PLZOC GSJQ Q GSJQ [FE HFQO LQOH[LDH
P CHIJ GSJQ O G[UO PLQLOQ PSLC GHFZD [DFO
R]SHGL HSD[ EC RLDH[LU QQ LWU PDQ[D QNH GQJOQO CYHLG GSJQ CZHF CLEHTD UQQH
G[LL OOND G[U FUH@ D[UOQ GSJQ ON H[KW CLH U [ZLUO JJSZ JHC C[EG KZS RNH
GQJOQ H[LNIG CO CD[H RDQ[ PD C[EGD P QQD U > GSJQ MOLCH RCNQ PG
LWU GHYQ ]QJOQ OC[L ON ]QJOQD COC GSJQ H[KW CO DLZ LTHT LC RHIJD FFYH
LSDH ]JC [LU OU FQHUG TLLE ODC ]H[ ]QJOQD RL[FGST LW OU HC [HFD KWHH MOQ
OC[L X[CD GSJQD [LW CDKL[UH GI [HKW OOND PSLC PWFGO HCYL [LUG
QQ DF FZG ]FHDU H[WTDH HLHFLJD
MOLCH N QU CKLO RFLDC QC[O OGYD FUHQH ]D [WTD KH[LWD UU
XHJ GCLYL OU PLUD[C ]HZOQ PLZHO PCG PLQNJG HZOJS COC C]L[HCF RLQHJ] HKZS GC[S CLEHTD E
FD ]]LQ ][GICO R]LS HCO R]SHL LD[ HCO PC HQHZQQ LC CYL OC PHQ LCSL LD[ LDF CLLJ LD[ PHJ]O
L[DFOH@ RSD[FQ HC C]L[HCFQ RLQHJ] PCG PLCS] HZOJS O GKHTD U [JC PHZQDH GCYHG [HTLCO CHG
>]CKJ COH ][N DHLJ RLQHJ]D RLC ONG
HSD[ GD PD QU PL]UG [WT JQ LCJC D[F ]H]OC LWU C]L[HCF RLQHJ] GNOGO HZTW L
ZQT PLZTHW [C ]UF RN RLCH EO ]D OG CILLQ[EQ [ [HFLTD PE UH RDQ[D CDHQ PL[WC
ROGOF PLZTHWG ONH JZH[ IHC
]HF[Q ]NQ GZHOH RSD[FQ COC C]L[HCF RLQHJ] [DHTG CDLZU LD[N GNOG RLC D]N VL[G
G[H]GQ MN OU GZHOH OC[L GSJQN C]L[HCF OLQ DL PHJ] CDHQ LQOH[LD COC
VHTD G]LD ]HSZO DH[LU ]LLU RLSUOH@ C]L[HCF GQC PLWOC VC GC[S HS]LEHTQ GZH
>I JHC [IS LSDC UH OLUHQ RDQ[D [CHDQ OLQ DL
ML[CG RNH OLQ DL VC RSD[F RLQHJ] [ZLU ON FHQO]D ]HLEHT GQN LW OU KZS GI[GH
L[DF CLDG COC OLQ DLD C]L[HCF ZHTWO RLHN]S CO VL[G VC D]NH RDQ[G JLNHGO
RSD[F RLQHJ] [ZLU FHUH O ROGO CD[G KZS RNH RN [DHT HSLC HSFHQO] ODC LQOH[LG
GNOGG ]U[NG RNH C[G L[DF ]SZTQ UQQ RNH HO ROGOH RCN R[GH CDKL[G ]UF RNH
DLZ LTHT CHIJ U RFLFO
LWU C]L[HCF OLQ DL LQOH[LG PU HSO FHQO] ]KL PLHQG PLSHC[ PSL POHCH
RSD[F RLU HT ]O EQTH LK HL]HDH]DH CIN ]D PDQ[G ZTW RNH LNF[QH GLDC[ FDC[
[WTD KZS RNH L[LCQH CDKL[ CD[ GI[ PLSHC[ GQN ]SDG LWO VL[G ]UF RNH L[LCQH C
KUZ ]O DJ ET[O ]HHYQG [WT OU WL[EG L[HCDD PLSHC[G ]HKLD UU I [U RLDH[LU PL]DG
JSZ