FN EN PLWF
[YJO VW[ZGQ OHKOKG RLF GQH "OHKOKD HSLF GQ UKLS HC U[ISH G[LFO VZHG PL]CT ]LDQ []HL VW[Z C Q
"]LDO HC
"HSLF GQ PLQ COQ]SH G[LFO VZHG PL]CT ]LDQ []HL VW[Z D
L[G HDH[ U[IS VL[U [YJN HGL[G OHKOKD []HQH G[LFO VZHG PL]CT ]LDQ []HL CHG VW[Z C
RLC []HQH [YJN HGL[G HDH[ UKLS [HTCH PLSHU[ID PL[F PLSC RLC H][LF OKLD GSLEN CHG
PLLHU ]HSOLCG PC CZHF LQLDC L[DFO FLQ] POLYD VWH]TGO M[FG RN G[LF OHKLD ]HSOLC ]ULKSD
D[ [DT RNH RN PLLHU PSLC LWUC RQJS D[ L[DFOH P ]DO GCSH ]H[H ]H[H ]HCODKYLC
CDKL[ C[ GI[ GNOG RNH GFHGL [D CSHG
DH[G LDEO OKD U[IS CO KHULQG PL]CT ]LDQ []HL UH[IG JKD RLC HOLWC [HTC HDH[ U[IS
U[IS HOHN HOLCN L[GH
UH[IG JKGQ OKOKO []HQ RNH HD OKOKO []HQ PL]CT ]LDQ ]HJW UH[IG JKG PC HKHULQ U[IS
PL]CT ]LDQ []HL TH] LWU RL[HLF GD L [YJN RHFLS ONG L[GH DH[G LDEO OKD UH[IG UH[I HSLCO
]LOQ[NN CHG UH[IG PHZQO HCHOQD X[WS ZOJ H]HC LSWQ U[IS CO PHZQD VC OKOKO [HTC
CHG UH[I HSLC JKG RHLN P OKOKO [HTC PLQNJ L[DFO PL]CT ]LD GLG UH[IG JKG PCH
RSLCH RG ]JC ]H[N VW[ZGH [YJG []HQ RHUQ LD[ L[DFOH GI OU GI PL[THC UH[IG JKGH [YJ N
RHUQ LD[N HC PLQNJN GS PC L[F[D CSHG D[ L[DFD ]HUF L] C[QED HCDHGH HI OU HI ]H[THC
WH GI[ CO GF] RHUQ LD[NH COHZO L]WLFQ GLQ[L D[N GNOG C
J[ MND H][LF GOKD CO HD OKOKO []HQ HOHN U[IS HOLWC PL]CT ]LD HOHN VW[ZG GLG D
RHLN CQ PL]DG L[HJC GDJ[ GYZHQH [GTH [LFD PL]CT ]LDQ []HLD VC ZW]TGO LH
TH]D CDHQ J[ GUL[I PHQ OKD]Q HSLC GDH[Q RLQ]
CDKL[G KZS RN G[LFO VZGG ]C PLOKDQ PLU[IG PLSHC[ GQN HD]N GDH[ GU[IS [YJH
FHUQ RN CLDGH DSQG UL[NG RNH LJS JHC E ]HLH[ LSLF FZG ]FHDUD CD[G ]UF RNH KHW [DFN
HLOU G[LF P RLC WNU UH[IG ZOJG HD]N MC [DFD HZW]TS LH PLSHC[
VC CQ HZW]TS LH JS JHCHK U GDJ[D P[GQ RF RNH C[ DQD RLDH[LU OG E[HDSKH[Q
GNJW CHIJ UUH TH]G PD C[G LZTW [HYZD U HLOU G[LF P UH[IG
[]HL PG HOLWC ]HYLJQG PLOKDQ GNH]D PLU[IG RLC GYLJQ GWZHG [LU D]N LQ L
[L]G RN >[YJQ GWLFU [LU ]HYLJQG PLOKDQ PLU[IG [YJD [QCS PC PE@ PL]CT ]LDQ
P[GQ LWU
OKOKO YJ[ JHC [IS LSDC ]HD MN OU MQT RNH OCHQ [DF ]DH] LWU ZJFG ]UD KS LDY PNJ ]HD
UH[IG ZOJD COH [LUD
RNH]O GYH[W [LUG PCH PL]CT ]LDQ []LD ]H[THC [LUG MH]D ]HSLE PL[DHTH PLZOHJ LH
POHCH HCHOQD ]HSLEG OC XH[WG LHDQD RLFG RNH@ OND OKOKO [HTC ]HQC [UQ []HLD
[]LSH LHDQGQ ZOJN RHFLS CDKL[D [CHDQ LHDQO HCHOQD XH[WG UH[I HSLC LHSW JK
JNZT JW CHIJ LWU [LUO RNH]QH RNH]O [LUGQ CLYHGO [HTC RQYUO ]HWZHQ ]HSLEGNH >HQU
HUL PC GUQO [L]G D CJ PL[LQ DDHF UH CLZT PL[HCDH PLHFJD PLWTHS PLK[W UH IZT KW
[LUG [C RLDH PGLSLD ZLTWGO PLU[IG ]HJH[ L]Q J]WG ][HY
JTZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
G[LFG JN PLOKDQ PLU[IG VZHG VHTDOH J]W HOLWCH GOLUHQ G[LFO GWZG RLC GSLED E
]LLUO PLU[IG HQFZ PC PE ]HYLJQ PLOKDQ PLU[I ZLTG CCD T T[ EQW UH FHUH CD[ LWU
E ZGHDU LWU
D CJ PL[LQ DDHFD ZLTG RNH ]HYLJQG
G[LFO H]WZG GOKD CO HUKSH GSLEO HWLZG VW[Z Z[H GSLEN HGL[G TF[WH
P CQH HNH]D ]LDG LSWQ R]THDO FJ O]HN OLUHQ CSZ[HDCF GUQD FN ROGO CD[UH CDKL[
U R]LD H]HCD PLWWH]TQO PLQQ R]THDG LYU GSH
PLOKDQ PSLC PGLOCQ HOU PLU[I >L[ RHOQ HZLLF RNH E ]H[UQ LQOH[LG LW OU@ PL[QHC L F
RHOQ ZLLFQ LQ LH D CJ PL[LQ DDHF LWU PLOKDQ GSHHND U[HI PFCN Z[ G[LF P
G[LF P PLOKDQ PLYHZ HC PLGHDE PLDU D]NH PLOKDQ PGLOCQ HU[IS HOLWC C[QEG
CLZT PL[HCDH PLHFJ
H]D PLON ODC@ RGD H]D PLON [YJO VW[ZQ OKOKO []HQ PCG RHUQ LD[H PLQNJ HZOJS [HQCN
HCO PC >VW[ZO [YJQ POKOKO [O VC [HTC ]LDG MH]D
[HTC PNH]D OKOKO []HQ G[LFO HWZHG CO PL]CT ]LDQ PLSKZG GSLEH VW[Z PE C
OGCDDH C[ ZLTG RNH CD[ TH] RHUQ LD[O VC ]LDO PGQH PLQNJO [YJO PGQ OKOKO
L[DFQ MN OU ELG JLJW CHIJDH RNQ ]HJWO PL]CT ]LD VW[Z RLD ZOJO EQWG PD D]N GDJ[ GF KS
PLZTHWGH PLSHC[G
OKOKO [HTCO RLC [YJ RN ONH GU[IS GDJ[ ODC GSLEH VW[ZD Z[ GI C[G FFYH
PL]CT ]LD GOHFEG GDJ[ HOLWC JLNHGO D]N L[ ]UFDH@ [DFG KLOJG COH ]LDO RNH]Q
HLHFJD CD[GH >GSLEOH VW[ZO GQHF GSLC ]LDO GSQQ OKOKO []HQ GOHN GU[ISH
J]W PC COC ]LDO GNH]Q OKOKO [HTC GU[IS PL]CT ]LDQ GOHFEG GDJ[ D]N ZGHDUDH
[]HQ ]HJW HC PL]CT ]LD G]LG ODC VZHG VHTDOH G[LF GOLJ]D
FJC PFC O PGLS HOLWC >PLQNJO [YJO HC@ ]LDO VW[ZGQ OKOKO [HTC PHZQ OND D
VW[ZO ]LDQ OKOKO RHUQ LD[O PL[L]Q LH KNJW CHIJUH FHUH CD[ L[ LWU [HTC
]HUQQQ UYH@ GQOGG OUD GKS RNH [ZLUO KZS RNH H[HQ PD CDKL[ GDJ[O NH FJC PFC O
LHFJD UH FJC PFCD VW[ZO [YJQ []HQ TH]G ]UFO RSD[O VC VLZ]Q GF GN ROGO CDKL[G L[DF
>DLYSG
PL[QHC L []HQ PL[JC PLSC O PG HOLWC [YJO VW[ZQ OKOKO [L]QG RHUQ LD[OH
CO PLSC O PG PC GCHOQD VW[ZO [YJG GY[WSN ODC FNH J]W M[F CZHF GI
CDKL[ GID VC PL[L]Q LH C[GQH R[ [DTGN ODC GF L[ LWU GI OU GI PL[THC HD[LU
L[D L [WHT ]HUK D]N IKGH >DLYSH C[Z UH@ VW[ZG RNH [YJG C[DE FJF [WQH L[ ]UFD
ODC VW[ZO GYH[WG [YJO ]LDG LON OHKOK RLSUO L[ L[DF [LW DLYSGH IHCG RHOQ CWD ULL]TS RNH
DHJ UUH RLSU OND []HQ VW[ZO [YJQ
KTZ
OKD CO >RSD[ ][DTN CO@ CD[ PD HZLTG PLQ COQ]SH G[LFO VZHG PL]CT ]LDQ []HL VW[Z D
ODC GL]O L[ LQ]O PLQG PLLHC[N CZHF [QLQC [QCH PLUKSN PLQG G[LF P HSQQ
[H L[ G[U ZQHUD PL]CT ]LD JK L HOLWC >LC D[N COF@ HZLTGH CO PLLHC[ PSLC
PHZQGQ G[LF ][H] OKDQ HSLC ]H[LW O L[NN GI L[G []HQ CDKL[UH
GOQ ]HJWDH C[ GI[ PLZHQU PSLC LWUC PL[THC LQ]O PLLHC[ PLQG RLCN
PLQD RLC HOLWCH [DFD ZWZW FKW CHIJDH []HQ [D]TQ CHGH GF JS OGCDD D]N PLJWK
]UF VTHL
OLUOF PLU[I RLFN [HTC PGD COQ]S HDH[ HC VW[ZG ON PC PL]CT ]LDQ []HL
R[ CD[ LWU PL[THC PSLC G[U PLZHQU PSLC PC PL[QHC LH CLJS JHCHK PLIQ[DH
DZT GN CHIJ ]QC ]W UUH L[ RHOQ LDG ZFZF RNH CDKL[H
PLD[ PLQL P]HSWO H]UF RLC PC CZHF PLU[IN PSLF LQ]O PLLHC[ PSLC PLQ GC[S
ML[Y RLC RN ONH POOED G[LF ][H] ]OKD]Q C[DT RLC FLQ P]HSWO H]UF ODC
FKW CHIJ LWU UYH PLQG GSLW [JC G[LF PO [HFEOH XH[WO
C[ U
FN VF
"HSLF GQ G]UQ HD [HFO GYH[H G[LFO VZHG CO PL]CT ]LDQ []HL VW[Z C CQ
"OHKOKD GSLF GQ PL]CT ]LDQ G[]L CLG PL]DG L[HJC GDJ[ D
LHDQG GDJ[G ]C RZ]O [WC FYLN LS FYQ PLQ[N O OLDOH FJC FYQ [LUG LHDQO GJH]WG GDJ[ E
"OLDGH
PFC RCSD HC POHUQH ICQ ]HLUDK ]HYLJQ HO HLG RHEN G[LFO VZHG CO PL]CT ]LDQ []HL VW[Z C
OLCHG OHKOKD []HG CO VW[ZO J]W GD J]WH G[LF HD GSDH R]SHGL [G P [HFO H]SHHN G]LG COH
OU HFLQUQH G[LF PO H[FHEH [UQ []HL GY[LW HD X[HW GHU CHG FYLN G[LFO VZHG CO VZHGNH
OCHQ [QC RQJS D[ FJQ HOHN HWLZG LQN HGL[GH [U
[HTC ONG L[DFO PL[QHC LH TH] LWU []HQ J]W VHTDOH VZHG PLC[HQC ]UF GSL HNGN ROGO@
RCN C[H O[UH DUT GN CD[H TH]U H[L]G FNH ]LD HNH]D GSD D L VHTDOH VZHG RHEND Z[H
> PLZTHW OCHQN GNOG POHCH
FU G[FEH ]WTHS GQC X[WH G[FEH GQC X[W COC R[FEH ]JCN [UG ON X[W CO HOLWC HJLNHGH
[UQ []HLG VZLGD RCNO HCD ]HFJ PLSW []HQ [UQ []HLO PLOG
KZS RNH [ PLJWK G[U GDHEQ GKUQO LF COC GGDHE OND GYLJQG XH[WO ML[Y RLC
ROGO CDKL[D PE UH DJS CQ[D CDHQ GU RFG ]QH[]D QNH [QCQG LWU CNZT JS DSQG
PLLJ ][H] [WTDH OLUHG G[UO HGON GD PLOGH G[U GGHDE GSLC GSHC[G GYLJQG ON GN
PLQO PLJWK G[U [HFEO ML[Y D]N HUODS GF GN
PLOKOKQ RLC CSGN D[ [QC PL]CT ]LD OU G[]L CLGH G[LFO ]WZHQ GSLC PL]DG L[HJC GDJ[ D
VHTDOH J]WN CZHFH HOHND OKOKO []HQ ]LDGQ J]W HO J]W PC RQJS D[ [QC ]HQC FD COC GD
OSN [HTC J]W VHTDOH VZHG ODC VZHG R[HEG ]UF OU PL[QHC RLC R[HE P GLG HOLWCH VZHG
][H] PLOKDQ PLU[IG RLC [QHO PLZW]TQ L GU[ISH G[LFO GWZHG GDJ[ OLUO CDHQN C
PL[THC LH GSQQ G[LF
PC >ROGO CDKL[GH CD[G ]HUQQN COF@ GNOGO FLJ YGUDH KLZT JS G[H[D GSQD D
LC RHIJGH G[LFO VZHG DJS [WC NJC GSDL G[LF ]LD PO JH]WO ]UF OU VZHG
VW[ZN QO G]U VLZG PC RLD ZOLJH [DFD ZWZWQ ELZT HN VF PL[HCDH PLHFJ PE UH HKW
[YJN H]HLGO GOLJ]Q VLZG PC RLDH ]LD HO JH]WO GYH[ GQ OLUHQ RLC IC FNH [YHCO
MN [JC GO J]WN WNUH ]LDG LQ]O [YJG [ZLU LSWQ G[LFO GWZHG ]C[ZS IC
CD[D UQQ GSD VHTDOH [LU VLZGD POHCH@ J]W PFHZ VZHG PHQ RH[TJ RCN RLCH []HQ ]LD
>OLUHQ RLC ]HSDO ]UF OU VLZG HOLWC HNGN ROGO CDKL[DH
UZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
]LDQ []HL PGD L PC PE VZHG VHTDOH J]W D PL[]LS POHN HSO ]HDHJ[H ]H[YJ MNOG
IZT P CHIJ RDJ[D PLS LW OU []L RN[CH PL]CT
Z[ G[LFO P[ZLU RLC GDJ[H VW[ZD COC J]W VHTDOH VZHG OLUHQ RLC CQ ZW]TGO L E
G[LF LHQL HNH]D GU NJCH G[LF PO CO JK VLZG ODC RGO JH]WG ]LDG PHQ
DH R]OLJ]D H[L]G CO ]HYLJQ ON [WC MC RGLOCQ ]HFQHUG ]HYLJQD HSO ]WNC CO
HNJW CHIJ LWU [HFELH XH[WL FU PL[L]Q RLC
FJCG GFYQ GJH]W G]LGH PL]CT ]LD OU G[]L G[LFO GWZHG CO GDJ[ C[GS PHWD GUQ GLG GI E
GOQ ]HYLJQ VZHQH [GSG ]FEO ULEG OLD H]HCH PLQ[N O OLDO [JCG GFYQH [LUG LHDQO
GCHOQD GY[WS [YJ RLFN OHKOKD H[TCS PCHOQD GDJ[G OC PLJH]W OLDGH LHDQGH OLCHG PLFFY
G[LF PO CO ]WZHQ G]LG [DN COC G[LFO GDJ[G HWLZL LFL OU P]O RZ]O HY[H ]LOQ[NO
LJO ]LLU LFL OU P]O [L]GO L LLDC [QCH L[ DH G[FEOH GWZLG XH[WO PGLOU GZ GLGH
HOLWC HC L[ RL[HLF HD LH OLCHG LJOD []LSG LHDQ RLFN OLDO OLUHQ CHG MH]Q OLDG J]WD
G[LFO VZLG GO ]HLGO GDJ[O PE CHG OLUHQ TH] P PLQ]Q PLDH[QG LHDQ LSD MC RL[HLF HD RLC
[FEO ULEQ HSLC VC CQOUF PLQ[N O OLDO OLUHQ LJO H[QCL CO RN ]HUO RLC [QC CD[H
[QC COC TH]U RL[HLF COD PLOLD [L]GO [WC H[DTL RL[HLF OLDD RLC PHQ HC L[ [GSG
GDJ[O OLUHQ LHDQO CHG OLUHQ MH]Q LHDQG J]WD LJO ]LLU LFL OU RZ]O
LHDQO GDJ[GQH TH] GNH]D H]D PLON GDJ[O LHDQGQ OKOKO []HQ PCG CSLD[H CJC D[ HZOJS
PHZQ L MNO >HD[UL CO PC@ LHDQG LSD OU PL[THC PG ICH GDJ[O RL[HLF HCHDL PLQUW LN HCO PC
G]U [DN [HTCO
PLSHC[ [CH CQOUF OLD HKC G[IE PHQ OLDO []G RLC CD[O FDC[GH L[WO C
GDJ[G PU []LS CHG COLQQ COC OLDD LJO JLSQ HSLC LSWQ []HQ OLDG PL[WQ
IHW CHIJ UUH FHUH CDKL[ CD[ FL[H] LH] U [HIEO RLC MNLWO LHDQGH
GDJ[O LHDQGQ OKOKO []HQH LHDQO GDJ[G J]WD LJO ]FQUG LU RZ]O CD[N GNOG D
MOQLL CQ J HD L FLJL O GDJ[D PL[LQJQ LH CDKL[ IHC GI[ OZLQG L[DFN
ZOHJ FDC[G HOLCH PLSHCEGH J[ LWU ]LD P GSDLH
GYLJQ ]LLU LFL OU RZ]O [WC GLG G[U ZHQU [GS P GLG CO PC C[QED UQQ E
G[LFO GWLZQH GDJ[G OU VLTHQN GI L[GH G[LF LHQLO GDJ[G VLZGO LFN OLDG GYZD
TH] LWU LJOD LF GLG [U DJ[ PHZQ H]HC GLG CO PCH
TH] OLDG [YZO HY[ CO COC [GSG ]FEQ PLJWK F ZHJL[D GYLJQ ]HSDO PLOHNL HLG RNH
CD[ LWU GCOQG GYLJQG OKDO DHJ HSLC GC[S F ZHJL[D LJO ODC
DLZ ]DD [CD]S HLSIC HZTWS OFST RLF
GN VF
CUZ
"G[LFO VZHG CO PL]CT ]LDQ []HL VW[Z KUQO [WC FYLN C DQ
"OLUHG CO HOCDH HO OLUHG PLSWHC HOCD G[LF PO ]WTHS GYLJQ HO GHUH G[LFO VZHG CO VW[Z D
"]QLLZ GYLJQ LDE OU GYLJQ ]LLUD RLFG GQ