RNH DOZ IHCH JLDL PJH[L HSD[H C[GH TH]G HQLNTG RNH PSHZO GQHF FZG [NN
PL[FS P]TQ []HL [HQJ PSHZ UQQ HSHOQ COC GNOGO JHW CQ[G KZS GC[S
D[UQ H]OLNC ]C PSHZ D [TC PC CSLFO FFY GNOG [HCDD UH HL[DF OU HZWZW PLSH[JCGH
HD
THNQHTN COF CSHG D[ C[D [CHDQH PLSHC[ H]HQN C]LL[DD CS]G P]T RN CSHG D[N GNOG D
CSLFO GLO ]LC THNQHT VC CD[D QNH [LISO RLLN GI L[GH H]UHD OU OCLGO OHNL COG GQ] CZU[H
G[]G HO RLC FNH PLD[ ]UF OU [TCH UDS RHEND VC UQQ C[G KZS CQH CSHG D[F
C[QED H[LWH RLOHJD [QHC THNQHT PL[JCO LHC[ LSWQ GQH[]D OC[LOH RLLD [LISO PLD[UQ RS] D
GQH[]D NCQ@ RLLG [L]GOH H[IS OU OCLGO HO [WC LSWQ PLD[UQ THNQHT ZOJS CO [LISO RLLD
HSLC L[GH ]HQG RLD ]HD OU H[IE THNQHT [DHTH GODKO [HIJ] COG GLOU OCLO LHC[ LWUC
>]HQG RLD ODKG ]C RZ]O OHNL
CO VC HO GLHC[G GFHUT GSLC@ GQH[]D OC[LOH RLLD [LISO PLD[UQ RLC C]LL[DD LCQ ]LD L[DFO
>[ ]H[LISO GOLC RLC P]KLO D PLNOHG RN]LH PHL FHUDQ
D]NH THNQHTN PFC CHG GQ LWO PL[UQ PLON ]NTQD GSQ P]T H[LW C[QED C
PLD[UQ C]LL[DD OOG ]LD ]UF RN THNQHT OU PLZOHJG PLQNJN GNOG NLWUC C[G
RLLD [LISO
GQH[]D RLFG RNH PFC PHO GOLNCO GLHC[ GSLC PLD[UQ RLC ONG L[DFO GCQK GQH[]D D
ICL[ GIG RQID
GC[S PLSZH]Q RLOHJ PG L[G GODLKO [HIJ] CO PEG GQH[] LQHO]D PLD[UQ RLC
KZ LTHT CJ PL[LQ DDHF LWU GQH[] LQHO]O GOLC RLC LSWQ
PHL FHUDQ GLHC[G GFHUT OHFEO PEH L[ GOLNCO RKZO LHC[H OLCHG PL[HWNG PHLD OHFEO PLD[UQ E
CLG
]C[HG PL[HWNG PHLD PLD[UQ PLZJH[Q CDY ]HSJQ RHEN RKZ GDLDTG OND RLC PHZQD PE C
KSZ QU CJ OHDL CO HGOUH [WTD CDHQ MD[ULHC I[EG
GLHC[ GSLC PEG GYQD JTW O RHC[ DHK PHL GD OJ ]DD PLD[UQ [DFD CYHLN D
LDY [G KOZ LTHT CJ PL[LQ DDHF PLSKZO GLHC[H OLCHG GOLOG FU GOLNCO
PO HLQ] LON ONH H]KQ CLYHL FU DH[LUD PLFHQ HLG CO LCQ ]LD O PQYU ON GLSSJ L[DFO F
POHCH ]JC C]LL[D L[DF LDS[ FLQUG RNH CDKL[U PGD OLE[ HC PGO M[KYL [HDT CHG P]HC
LHC[ CGL ML[Y COC LQ] LON COD RHIQD PLD[UQ LCQ ]LD ]UFD [DHT [JC C]LL[DF CS]
PHL FHUDQ ]HJWG ONO OUHWD HQYU D[UQO GOLNCO
HWHED CYQS PFCG [CN DHJ W CHIJ UH L[WQ GC[SG LWN CO GC]LO] FL[H]D D]N
LCQ ]LDO VC HLQ] LON HQU HLGL ML[Y RLC G]LD GSHZ PHZQD
CO O PLWF
GWZ
"HSLF GQ ]H[DZG ]LDD HC T[WG ]LDD JSHQG DH[LU ES
]UF VTHL
[QHC GFHGL LD[ MOHGH T[WG ]LD PFC JWSQ OCHQ [QC GFHGL D[ [QC T[WG ]LDD RGNO PLD[UQ
[D LTHL LD[N [DHT OHNCOH MOLOH OFEQH GDL] GFLD XHJO OHNL LSWQ ]H[DZG RLD HOLWC
LD[N OGC HQ RLC PL[DHT PLQNJH GCQHKG LSWD XHJO OGC HQ OKOKLQ ZH[I OGC GFHGL
DH[LUG PHZQ FU RNH]D MOHGH TSNS CHGH UZ[ZG OU ]HJSHQ GDL]GH GFLG PL[WQ L C
RG PC HI GKLO HSLDG L GDL]O GCQHKG RLD JWK RLC R]SHGL [G H[LWD UH TH]H J[ LWU
MN OU GZGH J[ ]KLD RLDG CD[D GC[S RN OGC HQ RLC ONG L[DFO PLSC LU ]HUS
TH]D QNH C[GQ >ONG L[DFO OGC GLQ CO [LHCD GZL[ID Z[H@ HZOJS GI RWHCD PE CLH
GN GELEJH GS [LIS
>CCL ]Q ]CQHK OG QOQ U X[CG OU ]H[[ES HOLWC HC@ ]HJS RG GI RWHCD PL[DHT LH
TSNLGO HIN GNH[C GDL] JLSL LHYQ RLC LSWQ LOHC DH[LU HDH[LU RLC QQH@ OGC GLQ PLQNJO HOLWC
HKZS RNH > J RLKE L[U@ FDC[H L[ PD CD[ [LHCD ]HUS RGN COC HZOJS CO >C[GQU
[ZLUO CDKL[GH CD[G
NLWUCH GCQHK PLODZQ PSLC GCT PLUD[C ]HOLNQG GDL]H GFL G]HC PLSHC[G HD]N D
HL[DFQ GC[S LQ LH OGC GLQ CO ZH[I OGC [QCF RCQO GCQHKG LSWD ]HYYHJ RSLC
]H[GK DZUL ]HOGZ UUH CDKL[U GCQHK PLODZQ ]HULDZD PLJSHQ PSLCH PLOKOKLQ PFHUD
DN
NNH GOLNCO HO LHC[ CGL ML[Y DH[LUG THNQHTN PL[DHT GFHGL LD[H PLQNJ D]N L[ E
OC[LO LHC[ L[G ZGLDD RGNO PLD[UQ ZTW RNOH CDKL[G
ULEGO OHNL HSLC LSWQ DH[LU HSLC PLFHQ THNQHT OU PLZOHJG PLQNJ PE HD]N IN TH]GH
K] JHC [HKDH FL[H]D QNH [JC PHZQD HDH[LUH FJC PHZQD CHG L[GH HLOC
[L]Q GFHGL LD[ GCQHK ODZO G[NHG CO G[HGK GQH[]D [HGK RGNO LFLJL [DZ OU DH[LUD RLFG RNH
PSLC RLSUD PFHJ OU PLSH]SG XU LON LKHW LFL OU DH[LUG OHKLOH HNH GFLD MOLO OHNL LSWQ
GCSGD [HTC CHG [DZD ]LD GSHZ LSWQ LFLJL [DZD HOLWC PL[THC PLQNJH [DZG OU JWK PLOLGCQ
L[DFN HS]LS ]HSGLO HCO ]HHYQH VTHL D[ L[DFN GHYQ [DFO COC PLD[UQ RLC LSWQ [L]Q GFHGL LD[H@
M[KYL PC [QLL HO JHS LSWQ PL[THC PLQNJH H[QO HO ML[Y HSLC DH DH[LU GSZ [JCQH CD[
>HSONCL
L[GH GCSGD [HTC ]H[DZG ]LD LSWQ DH[LU HSLC PLQNJN ZTW QGLWDH ILH RLDH[LU PDQ[G
JLDL PJH[L HSD[ PLSHCEG PD QQ HQ RDQ[U PLSHC[ GQN HZTW RNH DH[LUG ][LQD GSGS
GSGS L[G OC[LO RGN RLD ZHOLJ RLC GI PUKQH CK] MH[U RJOH [HKD ZTWS RNH
[TCS RLSD [DZD CZHF PL[QHC LH HLFYQ CO ODC HQYU [DZD HJLSGN CZHFH [DZGQ
DZT K] DSQ U GCSGD [TCS CO UZ[ZD [DZ ODC
CO ZH[I OGC LSWQ RGND [HTCO GNOGO PLKZHS ]H[DZG RLD PSQC PGL[DFQ GC[S LH
GNOGO PLKZHS LFLJL [DZD HC OC[LD ODC H[DJQ H]HQN GNOG LD[ L[DFN OGC GLQ
E[HDSKH[Q P[GQ LWU PLD[ FESN FLJL HOLWCH DH[LUD OZLQG L[DFN GNOG GFHGL LD[N
HQ RLC ZH[I OGC PLQNJN GNOG D]N HLHFJD CD[G ]UFD [CHDQ RNH C[GQ U [HKGH C[GH
G FZG ]FHDUDH >HSLC OGC HQ ZH[I OGC GNOGO CD[G PD KO[ QU C M[N ]CD NQH@ OGC
[G ]UF RNH GFHGL LD[N P H][LQ ]C YC LWO [DZD DH[LUG ]JSGQ GCSG J RLC CD[G KZS
HI GUF OU MHQTO [WC ZJFG ]UD CK] OGCDD CDHQ OCS]S RD[Z D D]NH R]SHGL
]H[DZG ]LDD RGNO PLD[UQ MNOH OGC GLQ ZH[I OGC GNOGO KZS GC[S ICL[G L[DFQH
HWZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
OC[LO LHC[ LSWQ [JC PUKQ ]H[DZG ]LDD RGNO PLD[UQ GNOGO UQQ CDKL[DH
UQQ JO ROGO CLEHTD MC RGNO R]LOH GCLYHGOH TSNGO OC[L LHC[ L[G RN RLFG GQH[]D PE PC UYH
]FHDU ]DH]D PE UH GO ROGO CDKL[G NNH HQYU D[UQG LFL OU OKSLGO LHC[ ]HLGO DH[LUG ML[Y
FZ LSH[EG
CO VF
"]H[UQDH ODKD LCQFD PLD[UQ PCG C FS
"]UF RD HSLC LQ LU RLFG GQH "[JC LFL OU DH[LU JLSGO [WC PCG D
RHC[ [UQDH >OOG ]LD L[DFN HONCO LHC[H LSU HGL[GH HLTNS [LZWGO OHNL GY[L PC@ LCQFD PLD[UQ C
GQH[]Q [KWS PLODLD HQLFZG RHENH GOHFE GQH[] HSQQ GOKLS CO LWUC@ H]QH[] GOKLS
G[HGK GQH[]DH GOJD PLD[UQ PLSGNG >QHJG ]C R]S CO HOLWC@ HFWS FZGH LS [UQDH >GOHFE
HSQQ GOKLS HOLWC@ H]QH[] GOKLS CO RHC[ [UQD COH >RSD[FQ OHDKG HOLWC@ ODKD CO ODC
RHEN P]NOGN@ HFWS CO FZGH LS [UQD COH >L[ND HQLFZG PC GOHFE GQH[] COH [UQ ]QH[]
GO ROGO RS]FN GD PLD[UQ RLC GCQK GQH[] >UZ[Z EU FZGH RHQLTC LDE OU UQ
ICL[ GD PLD[UQ RLC PFC PHO GOLNCO GLHC[ GSLC GQH[]G GIG RQID
DH[LUD GFHQ HSLC LQ FLD HC RKZH GKH [J FLD DH[LU HDH[LU ]UF [D OHFE FLD HDH[LU JOHG D
ODZO [JCO [QC PCH DH[LU HSLC PLZTHW PLQNJG L[DFO GFHQ HSLC LQ ON GI OONDH CFTJ D[ PLL]HN RHEN
ODZQG OC ULEQ FU HGCH[H FQHUD H[LWH DH[LU GI L[G HNLOHQG OLW HC VHZ FLQ HOLWC HC HSQQ
H]HJLO GHU ]UF [DH OHFE JLO GZIJ DH[LUG ]LLUH GQYU GODZG ]HC[O ML[Y RLC ODC
HSLC RKZH G]LD ]HSZO ML[Y RLQHJ] LDH[LUD Z[ [HQC GI CSHG D[ L[DF LW OU C[QED H[LW
ODC TH] PHSLQCG COH PGD H[LQJG DH]NG OU RLQHJ] LDH[LU HNQTHGH OLCHG PHQ HC L[ GSHZ
MNO GSZQ ][JC ]UF P L PHQ HC L[ RLSZ YC DH[LUG ]C GDHE RKZ ]H[YJ LDH[LUD
TH]G H[LWN HSLQCGO PLQNJ HOZG PHQ HC CD[ RKZG RLSZ OLUHQ
[QHCH PLHTQ PHZQD HGHJLSG GCH[H VHZ HC L[NS HC RKZH GKH [J FLD HDH[LU R]HS PC C
GFHQ L[ PE LCFHH GOLUQD CLEHTG LWU FHUH CDKL[ DH[LU HDH[LU L]]LD CG] P HQYUD
OHFE JLOD GGH GNOGO EQWG NNH CW@ HQYU LFL OU RLSZG GUS L]W LO GSZ] [QC RHLN MNO
G[LQC COD ODC >EL] OGCDD CDHQH K] EQW OON JLOG ][LQC YCH [QHO JOQG OHNL HGCH[ HSLCH
CQZT DSQH HKZT K] CEQ U DH[LU HSLC HJLSG RKZO HGCH[ HOLWC
]ZLFD RLSUO HGHSLQCG HQNH RQCS CZU[EG FFY DH[LUG JLSG HJOQO [QHC RKZG PC D
LN M[YS TH]G ZHOLJ G[HCNO GC[SH RCNO XQJ ]ZLFD RLD ZOJO HN[YHG TH]G L[DF OU GQ]H@ XQJ
LF RLC GIOH PGLFL OU LHC[N G]US CLG GZLFDG VHE OU PE MHQTO ML[Y P][LQC FDOQ GC[S PQ
]LDD CZHF HZOLJH H]HJLO GHU LCFH HLOU OKHQ [DFG ON DH[LUD PE RN [QCS HZG NUH P][LQCD
HC PGO [DFG PC ZOJO C[DT RLC ]QC HC [Z P][LQC OU CHG RHFLSG ON PHZQD POHCH PHSLQCG PGO
IWZ
>W[H] UUH HLOU PLJHO COC PSLC
CHG XDZQG RKZG RHQNJ RD L[ H[LWQ UQQ RKZ LU ]HUO OHNL ]H[YJ LDH[LUD E
[]HQ DH[LUG GID [QHCH DH[LUG ]HYQ OU M[DQG