RGO RLC ]H[YJ LDH[LUD PSLQCGO PLQNJ HOZG RKZG ]HSQCS RLSUD CHG ZHOLJG H[LW TH]GH
DH]NG OU PLNQTSG RLQHJ] LDH[LUD COH G[H]GQ [ZLU
GQ ]C GU HSLQCGO RLC LCFH GKHD COH ]H[YJ LDH[LUD OLUHQ RKZD Z[ GC[S >ROGOF CD[G H[LWO RNH@ PH[LWO
L[N [LW GIQ GC[SH RKZH GKH [J D]N VL[G POHCH >FDOD RKZ KZS C[D PE@ RKZ CSHG D[ KZS RNOH HO H[QC
CEQD QNH PJH[L HSD[H L[LCQ W[H] HLZTWD FL[G VL[G OU D OCSSJ HSD[ H[LW PLSHC[ GQNH GQND [CHDQ RNH
TH]G H[LW OU ]HLHZ GQN GZG CWD PE UH CQZT K] DSQDH DZUL RHCED KZS RNH GNOGO KZS HKZT K]
MNO P]H[ ]C PLSZQG [YJG LSD HSLLG GSZQ ][JC ]UF GSL ]H[YJ LDH[LUD [W CD[GH
RKZG RLSZ OLUHQ RLC GSZQG ][JC ]UF P RLC RLQHJ] LDH[LU NCQ RKZG RLSZ OLUHQ
ML[Y ]UD [CHDQ L[DH ML[Y RLC PGLSD UQQ TH]QH ]UD RLD JUD RLD RLSZ ][H]O ML[Y [CHDQ HH[LWQ
RLSZ ]HOJ ]OHUW ML[Y [QHO CHG OCHQG P COC QQ RLSZ HSLC PLSH[JC H[LW RLSZ ML[YN VCH@ ML[Y RLC JUDH
> G]LD
HSULQGO ML[Y RLC L[NS L[G LC]HN CFTJ D[ [QC "RCQ DH[LUD GFHQ HSLC LQ FLD HC
L[DFQ CHG DH[LUD PLFHQ PSLC COC G[H]D PLFHQG PL]HN HOLWC COC CHG ]HJLO [D HSLC
XDUL[ DH[LU HSLC PLQNJ
GZIJ GLSLQ OLZ CO CQOLF HJLOH HGCH[H FQHUD CFTJ D[ [QCFN "GLO LKQQ CO CQOFH
>H]LDO ULEL D]N FL[H]DH@ HLOC ULEG COC HO R]S ]HC[O ML[Y RLC UQQ H]HJLO GHU JLO
OU RHLU ML[YH@ PLSHC[G L[DFD [CHDQ RNH HSQQ ODLZH H]HJLO ]C ODZQG GU JLSGO GID LFH
CLDG DHJD PE UH JK] GNOG [HCD LWU > HO HS]SH P ULEG ZHJ[Q GC[H JK] MH[U RJOH [HKG RHO
IHCGQ RN
M[FD DH[LUG FDC RN]L L[G HWHED ULEG GC[L LF RLC LN HO HS]LO RNHQH DH[LUG PU ULEG HGC[ [HKG ]SHHN GC[S
ON OONG LF HSQQ OHKLO ODZQG FLD HC HO HS]LO RQHIQH ULEG GC[ PC MC HO HS]LO GY[ COH HLOC ULEG CQ PEH
PLNQHT RLC RKZG ]UFD LHO] CHG ONH H]HJLO GU PLNQHT ODZQG FLD [HTQ [DFG
DO VF
HONL FU PQ PLFQHU PLSGN O FD RLC GZIJ GLUQ D[ [QCF GLUQ D[FN P]G RQJS D[H
RLC LWO PUKG H[QC MNQ OLUO HZG HQN ] D[O RCNQ ]HZGO RLCH [WHD ]HUQ ON
H]HQN [DHT HSLC ] D[ RN]LH CHG C[HQC GLUQ D[ ODC CLG C]LL[D P LN PLOYU]Q FD
CDKL[H CD[ LWU
]HUQ ON HONL FU PQ PLFQHU PLSGN O FD RLC GZIJ D[UO PLFZD ]ONHCH ]ODHKH
OOND [QHO ML[Y >GOLNCO GC[SD LF RLCH@ G[WNG ]DNUQ PLFZG ]OLNC KHZSS PC [WHD
H[WN]L LFN >]LIND LF COC GOHN ]OLNC ML[Y RLC [D]TQ@ ]CKJ ONQ ]LIN ]OLNC P]FHDU
KW VFO FNZ CHIJ LWU D[UO PLFZD OHNCO PGLOUD
FT
DO VF RLDH[LU
CHG FJC PHZQD HDH[LUH CHG GOUQO ]HDO RHHN]SF CQLOLC CNLG ]HDO RLHN]QF DU
ROLCG C[D ]HDO RLHN]Q PC [WO L "ROLCD Q]Q CZ CGH GKQO ]HDO RHHN]S COC
ROLCD HQL O PLFLD GUQ P RLC L[G DH[LUG ]C OHNCOH PHL FHUDQ HLOU ]HOUO OHNL L[G
RN PC GKQO ]HDO RLHN]S COC DH[LU HDH[LU RLC LQ GOUQO UHFQ NCH HLOU GOU [DN LSWQ
HDH[LU LQ GKQO UHFQH H]]LD PHZQO ROLCG RQ DH[LUG OHKLO PLFLD GUQ ]HUO HO [HTC COG
R]SHGL HSD[H FOZ IHC LWU DH[LU
[HTLC RCN RLC MNOH ]D ]TLSND ROLCG OU CYQS [DN [DHFQ GOUQO ]HDO RLHN]S FYG LWO UQQ R]SHGL [GQ
QGLD LHC[ DJGO GLF ROLCO LHUDQ ]HOUO ]H[WCG PYU UQQ IHCD ODC ROLCD ]HQ]G
[CDO CD COC ROLCD Q]Q COG ]HZGO GLG OHNL GOUQO ]HDO RLHN]S PC PE PL[WQ LH
GQO G[UQ GOUQO PC GZQ MNOH DH[LUG ]C OTHWG [DFG CHG G[U GDHE UQQ CS]G L[DF
PC GZQ DHH GKQO ]HDO RLHN]S PHQ LCFH COC FJC PHZQD HDH[LUH CHG L[GH GDHEG HSOTWL
R[G LHFJD ILUNH GC]LO] C[HFGQ FL[H] LWU ROLCD Q]Q COGH DH[LU CHG GQO RN
]HLEHTQ MN OU HZGH CLG ROLCD ]HQ]G [HTLC OOND ROLCQ [DF ]OLKS PLSHC[ HJLNHG RCNQ
MNLWO DH[LUG ]JSG LFL OU G]LD GSHZ RCN CZHF [QHO HY[ LH@ ]HSH PLSWD HDLH ]H[JC
PL[HCDH PLHFJ FHUH CD[H R[U >HI C[DT HJF PLSHC[G POHCH ROLCD Q]QN DJS
ROLCG OU H]HNQ]TG PHQ COC C[QED HSF COH [HTLC RLC GFDO ROLCGQ [DF ]OLKSD PLKZHS LH
CDKL[U [DFD J RLC G[HQ GSQG KW DH[LUG ]C OHKLO LFN HLOU H]LLOU HC
GHYQ PHZQD []HG CO EHOW CO PHQ CHG [HTLC PE RCNQ JLNHGO NQD ECS UGC [IS LSDC ]HD UU
LHHLY RHO POHJD HCHG [QHO ML[Y GC[S RN
RLC CO OLUOFNH
]HD PHQ CHG [DF ON
GHYQ [DFO CHG GI RHEND ]HQG RLD HLOU H[IE CO ]HD PHQ CHG [DF ON
[HTC LNG HCOD ODC ZJFG ]UD HC GHYQ [DFO COC PLD[UQ
DK] DQ DNI JHC WH LFN PDQ[ LWU
RLQKGOH LCQFG ]C [UO H[L]G COC ]HQG RLD LCFHG ]C PL[UQ RLC FO ]DD GSQG LW OU CHG GI ZHOLJO TLTDG
RLD ZOJO [HZQ RLC P]KLOH LD[N COH PLQNJN ]NOHG GSQ G]HC HD]N TH]H L[ POHCH CO H]H ]H[YJ LDH[LU D[UOH
EO PL[HCDH PLHFJ LWU ]LQ]T GSQ G]HCN COC LD[N GNOG RLC PGL[DFO COC ]H[O GHYQ
RLDH PFHZQ DH[LUG JLSG RCN RHEN PLFLD GUQ GHU HSLC RHEND COC LD[ [L]G CO PL[QHC LH
]D ]SQD PLLHSQG PLQLHTQ PL[DFD PLFLD GUQD VC []HQ RNH COLQQ DH[LUG HO GSZS ]HQG
KZS RNH FHUH CD[D CDHQ FDC[ [HTC PL[DF [C ODC GSQKGH ]H[YJ LDH[LU LCQFG RHZL] FO
FO EO ROGO RCN [ZLUO CDKL[G
HSLC H]HQYUD [DFGH [JCQ DH[LU HDH[LU NLWUCH ]HQG RLD ROLCGQ DH[LUG OHKLO HO [HTC GUQO HI GUF LWO [CHDQ
NQD [DFG [HCDD UH CO OLUO U ]DD [LZWGO [HTC ]HKLG LWO VC LCQFD PLD[UQ RDHQ GIDH LHC[ DJSH [HTC
EO ROGO
GT
"MN ON HI GSQ P][LW PCG "LCG LOHN GD H]L[]W PD[O RQJS D[ LFLQO] GLO H[QC
COC@ X[]QH OCHQH RQJS D[ OU PLGQ] PG UHFQH "GD L[]W CZ LNG LQS HGSLC C[QEG GQ]QH
t u w GLO H[QC >LNG
HQN H[QC C]HJLSD COC H]L[]W H[QC GGLQ]D CO C[QED GLO (]LUDZ
CDKL[ LWU P]UFO HQLNTG PGLSLUD DHK [DFG
]UF VTHL
CLOQF RCQN C]QF DH[LU GI L[G G[UQ GOUQO HOLWC [LU O G[HDLU MH]D FQHUG ROLC ODC
PHZQD HDH[LUH CHG HOLCNH GCOQN [LUG DLJS GI [DFD DH[LU RLSUO PLQNJ HOZG CHG OZ CLQF
G[HDLU LW OU VCH >HQHZQD HONCOH ]HOUO OHNL OUHWD PE L[GH@ HOYC HCLDGOH HOKLO OHNL GLGH FJC
GL]HYLJQ MH] CYQS HOLCN HGL[G [LUN RHFLS CHG RHLN PHZQ ONQ ]HYLJQ VZHQ HSLC [LU O
CDKL[ LWU [LU O G[HDLU FU ]HQZU]QG GQHZU RWHF RG ]HYLJQG HOLCNH
GYH[ COG PLSHC[ HZG H[ZLUD ]HDO RLHN]SH RSLZTU ]HQC UD[CO XHJ GKHSG ROLCD
HOLCNH ]HQC F OU []L H]]LD PHZQQ ZJH[Q HDH[LU L[GH >HLOE[D D[UQ HSLCH@ HO GSZL HDH[LU
"GQC VOC LO GQ ]HQC QJ ZHJ[ LO GQ LN H]LDD JSHQ HDH[LU
GJF CD[GH L[ ]UFD CDKL[G D]N RN FJC PHZQN ONG GHU ROLCG GSH RCN D]N LQ L
CLEHTG MQGQ GZG FHUH H[ZLUD HL]J] COC HQYU ROLCD ]HDO RLHN]S CO L[G HI C[DT
MH]O HCLDGO OHNL RWHCD ]HJW COC ]HQC GSHQ ZJH[Q HSLC DH[LUGN [DHFQ PLSHC[ HY[]H
GONONG ]LLKSH HFL ]KLW LU HC OON [HTLC HD RLC ]HQC FQ ]HJW OHKOK LFL OU H]]LD PHZQ
JH RLDH[LU QQDH ZGHDUDH EO ROGOH RCN HLHFJD CD[U QQ HQHZQD CHG HOLCN DH[LUG OLUHQ GI RWHCDH
PLZHOJ ]HSHSET FL[H]H CDKL[H R[
EO VF
]HLHZ GQN L[W OU GZG [HCQG OUD GKQO LCQH GOUQO LCQH
]HQC FO XHJ CHG RHLN GKQO CHGN RLDH GOUQO DH[LUG RLD ][JC M[FD [LWH ]HLHZG DHLD
PLD[G ]H[D ]HQC F [LDUQD COC ROLCG [ZLU CHG H]]LD PHZQO HCLDGO OHNL HSLC COG
]HQC F MQD PLJWK LQ ]HJW X[CG OU GKHSH M[ ROLCG O HWHSN LN VLZI [FGF X[]QH
ODC UD[C MH]O ]HQC UD[CO XHJQ DH[LUG HOYC CD RN LFL OUH GLHYQ JH[D VZILL [DFG LHYQ
GLHYQ JH[D VZIL LHYQ HSLCH GZH ZIJ CHG G[U GHDE ROLCG O HWHSN
JH]H FDC[O P DH]N UH
M[F HQHZQQ DH[LUG [LDUQ PC > TH]H L[N COF@ JLNHGO ML[CG CD[G HLOU RLW]NQ PLD[N
HOLWC PL[HTCG ]HD L[HTLC PSL PHZQ ONQH DLLJ CGL CO HLOU PLW]NQ PLD[G ROLCD PHZQ H]HC
LD[O HOLWC DH[LU HDH[LU RLC MNOG FO TH]D PE U G[H] [HTLCO PLDH[Z PG LSWQ ]HQG RLD
PLWTHS PLH[LW CDKL[D UUH
[HTC >L[WN COF@ PL[WQ PLSHC[ GQN HOKLO [HTCH DH[LU HDH[LU PLJWK G[UQ GKQO
[L]G CO HI GUFO []HQ CHG HOLCN PLCH[ PL[QHC LN DH[LU HDH[LU NLWUCH ]HQG RLD HOHKLO
FO ]DD GSQD PLK[HWQG PL[DF GO FDOQ@ ]HQG RLD RSD[F ]HDD GUQ ]HUO LD[
LFN RN ]HUO OHNL HOLCN HSHFO HOZG DH[LU LDEO COC >]H[YJ LDH[LUH RLQJ ]SQKG LCQF RHZL]
CDKL[DH CD[D CDHQ FDC[G [LW RN MND HDH[LU OHTWO CO
]HQG RLD H[IE CO GQYU PLQNJ ][IE FYQ [HTLC P RLC CHG ZWT ]HQG RLDH OLCHG HI GKL O GQUK [CDO GC[S
DH[LUG ]OLKS MNOG []HQ HQYU [DFG PEG G[H] [HTLCD UEWL HQYU JG PHQ GUQ ]HUO [HTC QQ COC
HT