ISZ FHL U
PLZTHW HD]NH CD[ HSHQQ ON HOKL HOLWC [HDUO [HTC GU]CO ]HHYQDH
RSD[F RL[HTLCD PE RLFG RN
"HSLF GQ HZLIGH RKZH GKH [JO P[TQ CH [HDH [H N
CD RN RLC GQ POO DLLJ HZLIGH RKZH GKH [JO P[TQ [HDH [H PLQNJ HS
[HZ [HD PL[DFG PL[W]Q HL[DFOH DLLJ ]DGOD ODC ]OJED [DHFQ GLZIJ PD LZO L[O
]OJE ODC HLHTLN []SO [HDGH HL]H[THQ Z]SO HN[F [HGH OLCHG DLLJH >]OJEF CLQHF@ GTHNQ [HDH
GO ]NOHGH ]QQU]Q GJLSQ GQN ON
P[TQ RHLN LHC[N GTLNH [ZD HOLWC PL[WQ L PGLOCQ []SOH Z]SO PN[F L[WO
JH] []SOH Z]SO PN[F RQIG MQD PGD Q]Q HSLC HQYU CHGH [QH HSLC LQ FLD
FDC[ LHC[N GTHNQ COH [HZ HSLC [DHFQ PL[WQ LH
CZHF HJG LU []SOH Z]SO PN[F ZOHJ JH]DH PDQ[G ]UFD HF QQG NNH TH]GWO
ZISG ]C P[HEG CHG [JG O H]HHY H]ILJC LN [HKW RN PE ]DGO HO [TQ HOLWC RSJHL LD[OH
COC JHL[O DLLJ HSLC >CD[H TH]U [HKW GTHNQH [HZD ODC@ [DHFQ GOHEQ [HDH []HQ [HDH
DN C[QE ZHOF [SH PLZF PLYU PLDL PLYU HO [THQD
G]LG CO PHZQO CG ]C [JG JZO PC L[W ]HUQQN CO DN FL[G L[DFO C
GUQ VHT VHT LN UW LWUC [HKW JZWG ZLOFG PH JZWG LUQD CG HLOC GULEQ
HFNS ICL[G ]UF RN GC[SH GI CHG [JG
DLLJO GLZIJ PD LZO L[N GNOG [D]TQ HD]N C[GH GQ[G GFL PDQ[G VL[G D
LQ L PD C[ LZO L[ PU H]ZHOJQD RSJHL LD[N GNOG PL[QHC LH ]DGO [THQD
>DYH PLZTHW DH[ PD RN L[LCQD CDHQ DN ROGOH@ L[LCQD CDHG RNH [QHC
L K PLWF
CH [HD R[Z
[H H[DJ LWON ROGOF RLZLISG RQ FJCD L ]H[QHJG RGQ CN
[HDDQ [HD [QHJ
[WHN PC PHQ [KWS [HDD NCQ FDU O PLOD DLLJH PFC ]EL[GD [WHNG ]C POQ [HG
TH] [HDG OU COH H L O U ]HL
GCSGD [HTC HSLF [QES
>UZ[Z ZIG HD MLL RLC [HDD NCQ [LSD GLF OU DLLJ GI OONDH@ ZLIGOH MOLO HN[F
D]N FDC[GH CD[ ZLIGO H]SHHNH PLLJ JH[ HD L GSQD ]H[HQCG ]H[QHJG GI OOND
CSLFO C]HZWS POHND [LWH ]HSHN] COH ]HLSLF ]H[QHJ COC RCN HSQ CO
PLQNJO [HDD RN RLC GQ PLON LZIS OU DLLJ [HG
GI CYL HO GLGL ]QGH [HDD NCQ ES ROGOFN GFWS [JCO RLFZHQG LOHTW [H OU DLLJ [HG
HO ]QG RLC
CQ HC GCSGD []HQH [JCQ HLOU PLDLLJ PC ZW]TGO L Z I H G H [HDO OWS QGHTW [H
GQO ]JSQH Z[EG LHFJD U RLFZHQ R]HLG LSWQ QGHTW ON KUQ]S
FQZ
CQZ CDD PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
[HDQ [HDD [QHJ
ZISO H]LLU ]OLJ]
H]OLJ]Q FUHQ
CDQ [HD [QHJ
FDU O PLOD DLLJH [WHNG ]C POQ [HG
HO HON RWHCD VC CQ FFY GQO ]JSQ UH G]LQ DLLJ RWHCD Z[ CHG [HKWG UQQ L[Q
RHQQQ [KWS OUHWD G]LQ DLLJ HSLCH HLYJ
OU COH HLOU DH]NG ][IEQ [HKW RWHC OND PL[DHTH ZQKLH TH]U PLZOHJ PLSHC[GH
RL[HJ RD OU [WHN DLLJ HSLC ONH EQ FDC[U GIQ GI RLZILSG FHQOO RLC PHQ HC@ CG
FDU O PLOD DLLJ HSLC
G]LQQ [HKW RWHCD V[S PFCG LQFD DLLJ PCG EQ C[QED HZW]TSH
GCSGD [HTC HSLF [QES
DLLJ RKZH GKH [JO H[TQ
PLQNJO CD NCQ RHQKG OU DLLJ [HG
L COC ZLIQG PFC ]H[QHJ HLYJ PHQ HC [QHCG ]UFO CD ]HWTHS ]H[QHJ RSL
LWU ]H[QHJ R]HCO RLC ICH ZLIQG RHQQ PHQ COC HLYJ PHQ DHLJ CD RLC PLSWHC
FDC[
[HDQ CD [QHJ
G]OLJ]Q ]FUHQ CG
[HDDQ CD [QHJ
ZLIGOH MOLO GN[F CG
GNTNTH H[LS GNJLO CUDCH PLON RHEN@ GO LHC[ HSLC [DF RLDH GO LHC[G [DF RLD OHNCO ]FUHQH
PLJWK G[UQ ]HJWD G]LQ OU [HKW [HD NCQ PLSDCH [LS CG ZLI] ]HOLE[ RLC PEG HLSDC
> TH] HD ]LQGO ]HOLE[ RLC
CDQ [HDD [QHJ
ZISO H]LLU ]OLJ]
DLLJ RKZH GKH [JO H[TQ
PLQNJO CD NCQ RHQKG OU DLLJ [HDG
L VF
"ROGOF PL[ZQD RLZLISG DHLJ RLF GQ DN
G[UO HQLOGH [JC CDH GU] HD [WHJG C
ZLIGH PGQ FJC HD UWH PFC LSD GQJO H[H [TQ D
GQZ
]UF VTHL
H[DJ ]ZLOF OU GOLDJD GD[QG E
H[DH HLOU DLH FJC CDH HGH[D COH FJC OTWT OU HDL GQJ F
]QH ]HOZQ [UD PFC LSD G[U HGHNG G
]QGH DH]NH PLS COH FJC G[NL LN DLLJ RH[JC G[UO HQLOGH [JC CDH GU] [HD [WHJG C
PGLS [JC G]LQO RH[JC [JC [QHC LD[ CS C[QE DLLJG CHG G]LQ [HUL GU GI HO GLGL
>HKL] QHJ DLDL PDQ[ L[WFNH C[QED UQQ RN PLQNJN GNOG@ RLZILSO
HZIS ON [NGN HZIS LQHO]D L]DJ HZIS ]YZQD L][NG GSQD HS GI OUH
TH] PLSHC[ HD]N JWK PLJWK GSHQQ VLTHG RHEN G]LQ [HUL FLJ CO LSG PC C
GC[SH FLL] UHK [WJ GQ LWO FJC ON PLDLLJ PGLS DLDL QQ CS CD[H C[H
VTHSG JWKG OOED Z[H ZHILS GLG CO GSHQD PC HOLWCH ZISG ]N[UG LWO COH ZQHUG TJL LWO PL[UQ
GQO ]JSQ PLDLLJ PGLS GSHQD PE G[HZ GLG HOHN ZISG PC HC ZHILS
PD ZQKL RCN R]SHGL HSD[ PLQNJ ]UFO RHC[ GUQ ZO]TS GI RWHCD VC PL[QHC LH
CS ROGO GC[G
OLCHG RLZIS OU [HKW LSG FNH PLS HC JWK LSG HLOU VLTHGH G[U [HD RHC[G [WJ D
GC[ PD ZQKL LWU RHC[G P OU C[ZS [HDG LSG COH G]LQ [HUL GU RHC[GH
[HUL LFN CHG PE GU LSG PC CZHF HS]LEHTD CD[GH TH]G L[DFQ GC[S RNH PLZTHW FHUH CS ROGO
DLLJ LSG [DHTH ZOHJ LQ LH PGLS PLDLLJ G]LQ
GQO ]JSQ LWU DLLJ RHC[G Z[H PHON GU CO JWK VLTHG LSGH CDHK ZHQU [HDG GLG PC
[HDG ]C [YLG RHEN ODG GUH LSG CDH RLZILSO ODG [HDD GLG CO RHC[G ][LWJD PC E
CS ROGO C[QE LWU TH] HLOC TJLL]Q ZISG ONH RLZISD DLLJ RH[JCG LD[ GFHQ
[D]TQ MC GLUL [G PD CS ZQKL LWU
COH DLLJ CHG LCFH [HQ GLG CO HLFUOD PC ZLIGH PGQ FJC HD UWH PFC LSD GQJO H[H [TQ D
PHON GU CO L[G [HQ GLG HLFUOD PCH PG
PQYU PLZOTQ PG PE DIHU PC HGHULFHG HC HFES]G PC ODC H]DLIUO HQLNTGN [DHFQH
ON POLH PGQ []HL FLDUZ LCQ H[LW CD[H TH]DH@ ICL[H C[ LWU PLDLLJ POHN G[LQQ
GID C[G OU ZOHJ RLC CLE CHIJ UH >OSG PLSWHCD HSLLGH HZOJ FJC
G]LG HLFUOD PCH CHG DLLJ KHW GZLIQH ]NOHG CG G]LG CO HLFUOD PC GZLOFD GOLDJD GD[QG E
PHON GU CO L[G ]NOHG
ZIS LFND L FDOD HLUQD PC LHO] GC[S TH]G L[DFQH PHON DLLJ HSLC [LW L[
H[QC MFLCQ DLLJ]L GOHFE C MH]D XU ]NOG LU [D]TQ RLC FJC FYQ HCO PC
PLDLLJ POHN PLOO HQLOGH [JC CDH PL[UO HQLOGH [JC CDH G[UO [HD ZZHJG
DLLJ RH[JCG JWK LSG VLTHGH L [HD [WHJD VC [HD LDE CS ROGO GLUL [G ]UFOH CD[G ]UF RNH
LH CNG NCQ RHC[ LUQ HZO]TSH H]ZQUG LU HOHN [HDG OUD GUS [HDD CZHFF ZOJO L MC
CHIJ CSLFO UYH HS JSQ PLSHC[D U [HKW LSG RWHC OND PL[QHC
HZOJS CO ONG L[DFO DLLJ]L CO G]U GD[QG JHKD HSHLONH LFEG ZOFHG [DN PCH
PC CGQ OLYGO ]H[WC GLG PC ZHOLJ RLC GC[SH ZIGG OJ]HG CON COC PLSHC[G
CHIJ LWU HCO
HQZ
CQZ CDD PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
]HOLDJ QJ HJLSG GQJ [JC RLSUD ]HOLDJD GD[Q [LW QQDH FLH ZLIQH ODHJ PDQ[G
]HOLDJG R]HCD ]NOGQ G]LG PC G]QH GOLDJ JLSGH [JC CDH G]Q COH GQGDG OU
]NOGQ G]LG CO GOLJ]Q PCH DLLJ RH[JCG GNOG COH GFQU H]OLDJ GI VLTHGQH
GHD PLQOQ POHN UHFL RLC PCH [HKW RH[JCG
C[QED H[LWH DLLJ RH[JCG H[DH DLH FJC CDH HGH[D COH FJC OTWT OU HDL GQJ CLS] F
L[ PHZOQ PUSQ HFDN LU [DHFQH [DS OTWTG GLG CO HLFUODH [DH PGLOU MQTS FDN PFCD
HWHEN HJN CHG HFLJGH VL[ LWU HJNQ OTWTG [DS HQHZ LFN MH] HC
GC[SH@ L[ ]UFD P[GQ KZS RNH ICL[ TH] PLDLLJ POHN RN HU COH FHQUO PLOHNL HLG PC C
PGH DLLJ CHG HLFUOD [DS GLG COH GSHC[O HCD PGH OLCHG PL[QHC LH >J[NHQ HSLC
C[EGDH CW [HK CEGH LHQSU PL[HKW
PHQ H[KWO FFY CHIJGH DLLJ C[EG ]UF OTWTG OU FLDNG COH PHZOQ PUSQ Z[ PC D
CQ[E
PHON GU CO L[G IC [DS OTWTG GLG HLFUOD PE PC C[QED [CHDQ
HZOJ LWO POHN PU DLLJ PL[QHC LH CQ[H CW QHJ [HK LHQSU L[QEO [HKW PL[WQ L
FLDUZ LCQ GF TH]D QN
PLDHL HSLLG P[QCD [HKW ]SUK PGO RLC ]JC GUD [DS G]UH ]HU L]D [DS GLG HLFUOD PCH
FLQ [DS PC POHCH@ [DH L]LLG CO PNFUOD LSC PE COG [QHO OHNL LN [DLL PFHZ PLQZH KUQ
>CHIJ PL[HKW PG OSN PHZOQ PUSQ HC FHQUO PDHLJD HLE[G PFHZ DL]SN
PL[QHC PL[HKW PLSHC[G GC[S PDQ[GQ POHCH HSLSWO C[QEG ]T[EQ UQQ RN
CW PLZTHWD U [DL PFHZ PLQZH KUQ PLDHL HSLLG MLFUOD
PCG HGH[DH OTWT OU HDL FJHLQD PLFDN PSLC PLOLE[ PLSCD ]HUFG HZOJS
[HKWO OCH N PLUS PSLC DLO ]H[ PGO L LWUC O[ [LWH ][H OCL[IU [G POO PLDLLJ
OHC HQ]T LN GNCOQ ]QJQ G]Q N GI L[G PD[ HCO PC GQO ]JSQ UH GNCOQ ]QJQ
TH]H C[U [YJO TSNSG ONO HLOU DLO
GNL LN LC PL[HKW POHN ]QH GI [JC GID RLD ]JC ]DD RLD ]HOZQ [UD PFC LSD G[U HGHNG G
]C D[LZ LSWQ DLLJ RH[JCG GI [JC GID [QHC C[L]D RD GFHGL LD[ GOHN WSG PFC WS ON
RL[FGST L[ LWU PLS COH GNL LN LC [QCS PL[HKW ]JC ]DD ODC HGON WS ON H]]LQ
SOH[U UH JU
PLQNJN GNOG C[QED UQQ
JU RL[FGST DLLJ RH[JCG PLQNJO HOLWC ]LQGO LFN PLSHC[ ]HNQD RLC PC C
CO F[WSD GUQH GUQ ON PL[HKW ]HOZQ G[UD HGHNGN CZHF FFY ES CD[G D
CO HGHWJF HC ]JC D[JD HGH[ZF HC FJC OZQD HNG PLS ODC GQO GEL[G HD GLG
[DFD ZHOLJ RLC UQQ HCH QTND UH F JYH[ OG PDQ[DH PLDLLJ CQ ]JCN
IQZ
]UF VTHL
CL L PLWF
OU G]J[KH G]JW PCG "ZILSO HC ZLIQO ]NLL CLG PCG ]Q [H O RLZLIS LQHO]D GODSG RLF GQ EN
"ZILSG OU HC ZLIQG
G]JW PC MNOG L[ G]HC PLOKHS GD PLOWKQG PGH ZILSO [QHON PLOUDO ]NLL GODSG
GODSG LHHO LJG [HG LHH RLD [WGG ]C Z[ POQ ZLIQG >HK FUHQD RLD P] [HD RLD@ PGO G]JW
[HDGQ ZLIQG G]HC GOUG PCH [HDG MH]D GLHH LWN GODSG ]C PLQ C[QED UQQH@ G]LQG ]UD
>]CYQS CLG PHZQD GHH CLG GQN G]HC PLQ
UW [QHD RLD LQC [ GSQLOL GSQOL GQGD GNQ [HG ]C E[G PFCD RLD [HQC GI RLF
g h V[KL V[K PC H][LQD
D[ POL CO GQYU GW[K POL GW[K FU POL CO GW[KG FUg HGCDL
OCHQ L[DFN RLZLIQ [CO RLFG RNH GLZIJ ZILSO HO GLGL ]QGH [HG ]C E[G [HD RLD CSGN
C[ ROGOFN ROIEH DSE FDOQ RLZLIS ]HDC ON GI OONDH RLZILSO RLQ
OU OKHQ CHG PCG PLCS] HD HZOJS C[QED H[QC [HDG RQ G]HOUGOH GODSD JH[KO DHLJG POHCH
[H ]HOUGO [HDG OUD OU ]QGH HLOUDO DLL VTN OHC CDC FDO GFHFU CLDL FU HGCDL ZLIQG
ZILSG OU HC PL[JC H[HDQ
C[ ZLIQG OU GOLDS J[HK PL[JCNH OHC CDCN GNOG C
HLFH PLOUDO ULFHQ COC GCLDGOH GODSD JH[KO DLLJ HSLC [QHG OYC TSHCD GW[KSN D
]JWG H]HC OU DLLJH GD UW L[G GODSG GJ[T PLL]SLDH ULFHG CO PCH
PC POHCH G]JW RN LSWQH PLOUDO ULFHG CO PC GODS ]JWD ZLIQG DLLJ ZLIQD RLFG RNH
MLSWO MO L[G HO [QHC ROIEQ U[E CO ZILSO G]JW GQ[G D]N ULFHG FU GOIHG
CO RHEN ULFHG CO GQD UW CO PC HL[DFQ HCNO UQQ VTHL LZHQS LWU GOLIEG GOIHG PEG
ZILSO UFHS CO FHU ON RWHC OND GC[S C[G L[DF ]QL]TQ POHCH ZILSO GODS ]JW TSCS HC ZLWTG
GQO ]JSQ UH ZLIQG OU ]JWG
CL VF
"OCHOH ROIEOH DSEO PL[DGH GODSG ]C PLQ PCG FN
PGLOU VLTHGOH PLOUDO PCLDGO GODSG HC PL[DG ]C ROIEO COH DSEO CO RLQ RLC OCHQ [QC
D[ ROIEOH DSEO RLQ [IUOC LD[ [QC COHU HO PL[DGH PLOHUQ PLONH GQGD POL COC ]JWG
RLQ RLC [QC LWW
DHK RI[E HO R]LO H[DH H[DJQ RI[E OC FJCO G[HGH D[ LSWO CD GUQ LW OU H[LW GOLJ]D
PGQU PLNTG UQQ D[ Z]H HI GC[HG OU HGQ] LTC D[H CSGN D[ MNQ HJFH OCHO RLQ RLC
PL[DG ]C OCHO RLQ
]JSQD OIESO PL[DG ]C RLQ ROIEO GSHZ HSLCH FQHU HQHZQD LHSL PC [CHDQ FY ROGO C[QED@
OCH L[G GSHZ HSLC LHSL PC PE PL[DD COH PLQFD ROIEG POL OIESO ]FJHLQ GSZ] CLG HS]LEHT LWO FFY GQO
> RLQ RLC [QHO HLOU HSF NLWUCH LHSLD GSHZ HSLC
RLQ L[LCQ PL[QH [CO [QHO ML[Y RLCH OCHO ODC ROIEO COH DSEO CO RLQ RLC GNOG HZLTGH
VL[ PO RI[E LQF OCHG HO COQQH [HDG RI[EG ]C HLOUD OKHSH
JQZ