OND OHES[]H PFC@ PLDLLJ GKQO GOUQOQ PL[HKW GOUQO GKQQ HEOF LFEGH DONG RSD[ HS] E
KUQ F[HLH O]HND HLS[WY XUHS GNL[TD LFEH ZHSLID GYLWZ G[LZID DON RN[FN CO HEOF PCH >PLDLLJ RWHC
CHG GSHQ ZIS LYJ PLQOQ XWHZ NJC Z[H KUQ
PL[HKW GOUQO GKQQ H[QC GQ R]SHGL HSD[H PDQ[GH VL[G ]T[LEOH HS]T[E LWO CHG RN
LWO ODC >LHSL LHG GOUQO GKQQ RLSU OND D]N ICL[H@ OSG LHSLDH PO ZISQ HSLLG
CO EHOLFD Z[H OON MND PN[F RLC L[QEO PL[HKW GOUQO GKQQ C[H L[ H[LW
ZIS LYJ POQ H[QC >C[ GKQO GOUQOQ@ M[FN
EN DN PLWF
"CLEHTD ]H[CHDQG ]H]HZWSG RGQ "CHG HSHQQ PHQ HC HLYJ PHQ HC OU PFC DHLJ GQ
XJN CO COLQQ ]NOHG L[G@ HSHQQ PHQ HC [QC LZO L[H HLYJ PHQ HC [QC RSJHL LD[
[LUDQG POL GQYUQ C CY] LN RSJHL LD[O PLULLTQ C]LS]QH C[Z CD[ [QC >HJNQ MOHGG
HLYJ PHQ HC MO [QHO HWHE LZISD PLLTH HSHQQ LZISD DH]NG J]W CLS]H G[UDG ]C
CD[ J[ L[DFQ UQQ RNH HO CGN COC HSHQQ PHQ C OU DLLJO RLC KZS L[
C[G KZS RNH DLLJ RWHC OND PL[DHTH PLZOHJ TH]GH R]SHGL HSD[ NNH L[LCQH
ZLIQG PFC RLFN PL[DF GUD[CD ZLIQG DLLJ PCG PFC ZIHGN LZO L[O RSJHL LD[ RLD GSLQ CZWS
HCO PC ]DH LHWL[ [UY ZIS
RLHN]Q HSLC PHQ ]HD LQHO]D CG ]ODJ OU PLDLLJ RLC PLSHC[ FHUH L[ ]UFO
LQOH[LD GNH UQTDH ILJL] UHK HKFL PDQ[ LWU PLDLLJQ LH
LYJ DLLJ HLYJ PHQ FQO LFE ZLOFGH G[[J OKS DON ]HWTHS ]H]HZWS ]H[CHDQ CLEHTG MOGQD
PHZQ OU FDOQ@ [HKW HSHQQ PHQ FQOH PG DONG LYJ L[G ]H[H[Y RLFN LFEG ON OU ZIS
G[QO HLOU OKHQ COH HO ]OJEG RLC L[G >ZIS LYJ GZL[IDH PO ZIS POQ GJSGD ]OJEG
OUD LFE ZLOFGH G[[JG ]C DONG MLOHG [CN FL[H]D GC[S RNH ICL[G ]UFO
G][LQD UW LWUC [HKW G[[JG
FQO G[LDG ]C ZLOFGH LSHSJ O H[SD ZOFSH ]HSJO HS]W TSNS R]W RHUKG OQE [DFD CYHLN
]H[H[Y PHQ G[LDG [C OU ZIS LYJH GSHC[G GDGOG PHZQ OU PO ZIS@ DLLJ HLYJ PHQ
CO XHJD [SG GLG PC NLWUCH@ GOHN G[LDG ]NTNTQD COC DLLJ HSLC HSHQQ PHQ FQOH >FDC[
GLQLQ OLKGO GFQU RHEN GZLJ[GO OHNL GLG COH GFLQUD GNTNLT RWHCD [HKW OQEG OUD RLFN
FQOF [LWH PGL[DFQ GKS JH]DH L[LCQH CD[H TH] [SG OUD PU DLLJ ZLJ[GO OHNL GLG PC POHCH
> [SG OUD DLLJ RLC [HKW TSHCD HWHTH GULWD H]OLJ]
RSJHL LD[O ]HWN FDU P GLGH H[DJ LFE ZLOFG RHEN GLSLQ GD[FD GLO PZ RLSUO GSLQ CZWS RNH
HSLC LN RHQQ DLLJ LZO L[OH HLYJ D HE[G L[G FDUG OU G]LQ DLLJ]SH OLCHG RHQQ LQHO]Q [HKW
FDU O HWHED ]LYG PC FDOQ G]LQ DLLJ
R[G LHFJD HOLCH RSJHL LD[O JYH[O G]LQ DHLJ CD L PLSHC[ [CDH C[D [CHDQ C
DHLJ ODC PL[DF GUD[CD DLLJO H[QC RLZIS RLSUO Z[ [DHTH ZOHJ TH]D UH IU RL[FGSTD
L[ L[DF HI GUF LWO [CDO LH RHC[ JND HC PLFLD GUQD GEL[G OU COC RLC OUHWD G]LQ
EQ ROGO O[H
EUZ
]UF VTHL
HSLC L[G RHQQG OU DLLJ GOLJ] ]Q PC ODC FDUG ]]LQ PFHZ LFEG V[SN [DHFQ D
GU OU HDHLJ OL JHL[OF VCH O[F CDLOC RN D]NH CD[ LWU GWL[G ]UD G]LQ DLHJQ
HSHQQ PHQ PE DLLJ JHL[ GFHQ COG MC G]LQ DLHJQ GLG ICH GSHC[
RCQO ODC FDOD HSHQQ PHQ GLOU PLDLLJ CD COC [HQC HSLC RHQK [HKW C[QED [CHDQ FHU
DLLJ >LZO L[O VC HQYUD [DFG ]LYGN HC@ HLYJ PHQ HC [QCF
GOWS RHEN HSHQQ PHQ HLYJ HO HON N PE RSJHL LD[ DLLJQ PLSHC[G DH[ H[LWN C[QED HZLTGH
][JC [YJD GZLIGH GZLOFGH CG GNOGH GZLOFG ]QJQ CO [FE GOWS RNQ [JCOH H[YJD GZOF
DLLJ
GFHQ O[H ICL[ L[LCQG FDC[ CEQ L[ C[G TH]G HKZS RNH HSLSWO L[ H[LWO
PHQ PE VTHS PUKQ DLLJO VLTHQ COC HSHQQ PHQ CG OU DLLJO LZO L[O RSJHL LD[
RHQK OU DLLJO QDOZ RLFO PL[DF F DLLJO HO GSLC C OU DLLJO GSLQ CZWSH@ HLYJ
>OSG ONN H]QGDF CD DLLJO
CSZTQO FHF ]OJSD PE UH L[F RHC[ H[WD O[ T[E RNH ZQKLD GLUL [G [JC H[LW LWO
HONN RLD >PL[DF GUD[CD DLLJ ICH@ HLYJ O RWHCD RLD HO CD Z[ RSJHL LD[ DLLJQ
CZHF L[G LFLQO] PD ZQKLD UH [FE COH G[FEO HO GLG RHENH HSHQQ PHQ HLYJ HO
CFL[E HSHQQ PHQ NCQ HLYJN CG GOLJ]G LN RSJHL LD[ DLLJQ HLYJ HO HON D
PHZQ ONQH HLYJ PHQ RSJHL LD[ DLLJQ CSZTQO C[EG [HCDN PDQ[GH VL[G H[LWO
ZLIQG HSHQQ O VTHSG RLFG PHQ HO MH]D ZLOFG C OND RHQK [HKW L
WH C[ PDQ[ RSJHL LD[N GNOG C
H]OJE [Q COH UW PHZQ ON COC CG HQYUD [LUDG CON PE PLLZ HLYJ PHQ DHLJG D
CLDG COC CG ]C [YL CO LWUC GSHHNG GC[SH ROGO FDC[D QNH CD[H TH] PG HLYJ
]JSQ FHF LN[F LWU HLYJ HO HON Q GI U[E CO L[G GQYU CD GUQ COD ODC FNH ]OJE
GLFLF GUQN GI L[G CG GCYL VNL]H RHOJ J]W PC FFY UH GQO
GOHNLG CD COC HLYJ PHQ DHLJ RLC CD[GH [JF HLYJ GF TH]G L[DF MH]Q UQQ E
LWUC DLLJ HSHQQ PHQ ODC HLYJ RLUN LCFHO DH[Z ZILGG GD[G GLHYQ JH[D ZLIGO
MN ON RQHIQ ZIGG RLC
RHY[N TSHCD DLLJ]QH ZLIQG PFC LSLF ON HO L HLYJ PHQ FQOF UQQ VTHL LZHQSD F
>UYH [HKW UHNO GLHYQ GSLC C OU ODC PFCG LTSHCO Z[ GSHHNG CQ@
LD[O HLYJ N PLSHFLS PL[QHC L GLHYQ JH[D HOWSH HEE C[D PJLSG HCQH HSLNT HSDC G
PD HS ZQKL LWU PLZOHJ LH FHF HSD[H P R[G LHFJH IU RL[FGST TH] LWU CN RSJHL
D CHIJUH GC[G
EN VF
"G[[JG OUDH DONG OUDO PLQHO]G RLF GQ LFEG ZLOFGH G[[JG ONC LFEO MOGH G[[J OKS DONG HQ
OUH PO ZIS POQ G[[JG OU LFEG ZLOFGH G[[JG ONC LFEO MOGH G[[J OKS DONG RS]
P]TH@ TSNSH ]OFG ]J] []J DONGH H]OJE [QL G[[JG OUDN C[QED HFLQUG ZIS LYJ POQ LFEG
FUZ
CQZ CDD PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
COH PFC LSD ][LQN H]OJE OU [Q GOG QQH CSGN D[F GL[D L[Q D[ DON OYC ]H[H]J ]H]OF
HFDO ]HL[JCD CHS DONG OUD MNOG G[[JG OUD O LFED ONCH > TH] []HL PLQNJ HGHJL[KG
POQ M[FN JLSG PC ]OJEG PHZQ OU@ OE[ O ]H[H[Y RLFN LFEG OUH R RLFN DLLJ G[[JG OU
[NISN GZL[ID ZIS LYJH GJSGD PO ZIS ]OJE PHZQ OU COC DLLJ HSLC LZO L[OH PO ZIS
>GOUQO
G[[JG OU POQ V[HH MOHGH LFEG OU G[[JG [[EQ DONG GLG PC ILD PDQ[G D]N
U HGHELG L[LCQGH FDC[GH [HKW LFEG [C OUH ZIS LYJ PLOJEG PHZQ OUH PO ZIS
QTNH QQ
[KWS DONG OUD HO LFEGH OLCHGH@ LFEG ZISD DLLJ CHG PE H]OJE [QL CO ]OJEG OUD PC
OUDH LYJ POQ DONG OUD [JC O LFEG PCH TH] FDOD UD[ POQH ]OJEG OUD O HZOJQ
L[ ONG ]C ]OJEG OUD POL LFEG [C OU DONG OUD ]C [KHWG LZO L[OH LYJ G[[JG
DONG OUDH LFEG [C OU DLLJ HFDO ]OJEG OUD PL[DHT LH PLQNJH R]S LD[ JQD [DFG LHO] GC[SN
>JH]DH L[LCQD UH FHUH GQ[ JLD PDQ[ LWU ]OJE PHZQ OU
H]OLJ] PLKZHS GQ LWO DLLJ DONG OUD NLWUC []HLD [HQ PHZQQ G[[JG ]C DONG JZO C
[HQ HSLC PHZQQ JZLO OHNL GLGH HDON OU [Q CO L[G DLLJ TSHCD HWHTH GULWD
L[C ]HGEG MN ON
FHUH PDQ[ TH] H]OJE OU [Q CO GLOUD PC PE HFDO DONG OUD DLLJ G[[JG OU D
PLQOQ HLOUDH GOLZTD [HG PCG ]H[D CO TSNS PFC H]HCN HLOUD ]H[D PFC E[G [H C IQ
"[WHN
"HI GOCD CSZTQG LGQ "ZILSG [YJN HC ZLIQG [YJN G[W LW PC GOCG RHFLS HGQ D
PL[HKW PLOUDH GOLZTD [HG ]QH ]LDG OUD O H[H HJESH ]H[D CO ]LDG OUD [YJO TSNSG C
FUHQ CHG RHLN [HKWO GSUK HI RLC [HG ]]LQ RLSUO ODC@ L]H[D MO GQ HO [QHC [WHNG RQ
HGH[Q PLOUDGN RLFG RNH R]SHGL HSD[ X[CD PLOOJ GD[L CO LFN HLOU THJO RLC ]HWS EH[GO
> GQ W[H] OZTL [HG ]LQGH JESH TSHC G[ZH LHC[N
PCG PL[JC ]H[LWQ ]ONHCG GQGD OND CHG RHFLSG L[LCQGH L[ L[DF KWQ G[HCNO GC[SG LWO D
HCO PC [JC GFD [UDH HD HSC PLC[HZH ZILSG ]H[D ZISG
ZWTG H[LWH P GONCH ZILSG [YJO GTSNS GQGD [HKWO C[DT RLC LCFH MN OU HGQ] TH]G
FDC[G [LW GID CYHLN HCO PC ZILSG ]H[D ]DJS G]OLNC PCG GLW MH]O HTLSNG PL[JCN
P GONCH ZILSG ]H[O GNOGH ][JC ]H[ RHEN [HKW PHZQQ G]LG GJLZOG RHEND
LQF ZILSG [YJN G[W LW G[[J OKS DONG Q HKWH
DONG OUD DLLJ CD[H TH]U PGLWD GTLSNGH H[DJ FL OKS HOLWC JSH DON MLQ HC GTQG MNOG
RNH DLLJO O]C D CD[ [QCH [DFD HZW]TS FN ROGOH@ C[QED UQQ RN [WHNH RLZLIS LQHO]D
>IO ROGO LHQS CHG GNOG GI RHEND O]C ON GNOGO VL[G KZS
HLFUOD P]JZO GOHNL G]LG CO PHZQQ CZHFH GQGDG LW OC ]H[LW KLHQ RLSUO RLFG RNH C
LNG HCOD ODC C[ POO GQ HO RLC HC DHLJ [D HSLC KLHQGN [DHFQH TH]
GUZ
]UF VTHL
PC GC[S P]JZO GOHNL G]LG GQGDG PHZQD PLJSHQ ]H[LWG HLG PCH DLLJ KLHQG
HJDH PHON GU CO GOYC PD[LZ COC PGLDEG CO PCH DLLJ CHG PGLDEG KLHQG
CEG DLLJ GQGDG OUD LCFH P]JZO GOHNL G]LG GI RWHCD
ICL[ LZTW PLQNJ HGHTSZ FLIGH RLHN]S PC POHCH L[H FN RLZILSD CQ[E RLFN [HKW GTQG D
[HKWO PDQ[G L[DF ]QL]TQ RN UQQ RLCH FHUH DG EWH HG KW P ]HQ[EG OND RN KZSH N HG
LYJ DONG OUD POQH DONG OUDQ GDHE GTQGQ ZISG ]HDEO OHNL HSLC ONH GTQ
G LTHT PLCHOQDH FN ROGO GQO ]JSQ UH P ZIS
IUHU RL[FGSTD GEL[G RLSUO GNGH LHTL RLF
" M[YJ [HFE RHUKO OHNL HC RULSYGO DLLJ PGLOUD PCG ]HFLTWQH G[HFE GSLC [YJO ]HTSNSG PLIU C JQ
"RSLF GQ ZHD ]HL[DG ]C MN MH]D ]HFLTWQH GKLJO ]HFUHLQG PLIU D
HSD[H VL[G ]T[EN
RHULSYL PGLOUDO [QHO LLDC ]C JO HD[] ]LD O PLIU H]H[O HTSNS VTHL D[ C
H]H[ ]C CHG [HFEL LO H[QCL MOC PC LLDC HO [QC R[QO H]LLYL CO PGLOUD PC C]Q RHO [WQ R]SHGL
PLIUG OUD DLLJ CSLFO ODC CHG CQOUD LHJLF LLDC ]SUK TH]GH R]SHGL HSD[H VL[G HKZS
L[LCQG GKS RNH ]HJH]W ]HFO HTSNS PC POOH HL]HQGD ]C [HQO
ROHN ]C [HQO OHNL GUH[G RLC ]HFD CZHFH LLDCN GNOG J[ PD CLDG C[GH
ON H]LD L]OF OHUSO OHNL PFC RLC ]DLLJ LLDC GFHQ [LUD ODC ]HFO HTSNLL CO
PHLG
ZHG O PLIU R]HC PLUFHL HHG GKQO PLF[HLGH OC[L X[C GOUQO PLOHUG GD[ VTHL D[ IL[NQ D
QQH@ PLQUW OH PLQUW RGLOUDD PL[]Q ]HFLTWQG ZHG PHLO ]HSL]QQH GJLDKO ]HFUHLQG
PLDYZG PHZQ OU D HO PL[QHC CO PCH UQH UQH PC >FDC[ PLQUWG R]HCD POO PLDLLJ
PLSHC[ P[NQO HCHDL PGLOUD PLULFHQH ZHG PHLD CO HOLWC P]HC PLKJH [QHON MWTN ODZH
FDC[ C[ TH] L[ LWU RKJO DLLJ PGLOUD RLC GKLJO ]HFUHLQ RSLC ]HQGD [C C
CG PDQ[D QN [DFD PLZOJQ PSLC LH L[LCQH CD[
TH]U PLZOHJ LH [HQC RLFG PLD[G ]H[D ]HZLIQ ]HQGDG HLG PC PE UQQ L[Q D
L[LCQH ZQKLH
O PGD PL[]Q PL[JC ]HFO HTSNS COC HZLIG CO PC PE GC[S CG PDQ[DH
PLKJHH PLQUW
OU [DT LLDCO ODC OLUO H]KL LWO PL[HQC PG HOC VTHL D[ L[DF OCSSJ HSD[ ]UFO E
PLSHC[G [CD RN UQQ RLCH GNOGO KZS MNH RN RLFG RLC HGF [HFEO ZILSG
FN EN PLWF
"FUHQ HGILCH P] HGILC KQ
PLQL GO HD [HIJLQ P]H P:O
b
OQ]Q
b
CHG JES PLQL GO HD HFLUG ON FUHQ HGILC
O HD HFLUG FUHQ [QHC [LCQ LD[ GFHGL LD[ L[DF IO R]SHGL HSD[ U OON PGD JES COH GC[
HUZ