OOHN HC R[Z Z[ OOHN HLOU PCG HLOU ]HL [WN PC DH]NG H[LWD CHG ZWTG COC DH]NG RQ
]HOGZDH ZQKH C[ U DH]ND GOONS OE[ PE [D]TQ PC C[DTG FYQ CLG GOCGH [HF LOLQ ON
KO CJ DZUL
OE[N GI L[G GLJ[HCF RHLN JS ]NLS IK OLUO TH]G HD]N GQO CFT EJ [IULJCG ]LHZ DLLO GI LWO GC[SH
[WHN RLC POHUO CQOF OE[D [WHN L UQQH OE[F HZQ [WHN POQ ZILSG [YJO H[H TLSNGQ JLNHQ GQ NC
"[WHN POQ LCFH CHGH OE[ LHGH ZLIGO H]SHHN JSQ CHG [QHJHOZGH
GQ MH[WO L LN ZLIGO G]SHHN HIN OE[ HOLWCH HSLYQ GQD R[ZQ OE[ FHQOO [WC LC LCFH DLLO GC[S C[G L[DFOH
RLC GC[S RN PCH FDOD R[Z OU [DFQ HC [HF LOLQ ON OOHN HLOU ]HL [WHN PCG CHG RCN RHLFG COC [G[D DLLJ R[ZO
DCG P COC RLFG P[HE OUHWD ZLIGOGSHHNG RLC OE[O OE[ RLD ZOJO PHZQ
HZLJD [JC PFC HO GJLSG RHEN GOWSH FQUH GD [LNG COH HZLJD HO ]JSHQ RDC G]LG DU
R]SHGL HSD[ RL HFHUD
EEHD PL[DF GUD[C LQHO] DHLJ RLC C[QED [CHDQ [HKW PL[DF F RLSUO DLLJ RLZIS RLSUO
FDOD ZIS PHO] COC TSHCDH
PCG ZISOH GSHC]O MN OD P[EH H]ULTS LFN MH] PSQS EGS OU OCS C JJ LHOG KD ]HD
PL[DF GUD[C [CD CO ODC POHUO FUHQ PFC ZIS LQHO] COC DLLJ HSLCH TSHCN ]DJS GSLG
LHWL[ LQHO]D PE DLLJH GULWO DH[ZG TSHC G][FEG HC
HQYU TLSNG GULW RCN L [H[D GULTSG ]OLJ]O DH[Z PF[S PC ZOJO CYL HL[DF ]SZTQD
GLG PC PE GWHTO DH[Z GNH[C GULTSD [DFG U[C PC PSQC M[HYG ON LS[LU HSLCN HI GULTSO
DH[ZG TSHC RCN L UHDZO GZ GIN G[ZQD GNJD K[WD HLOU OHWLO GSLG GOHOU RNO PFHZ RL
GULWO
PFCG L[G PL[DF FQ [HKW ZLIQG RHQQ COH ZLIQG PFC [FED CHG L[G DN[ ]SHC] O ZIS P CLG GKHW GJSG
HLUQQ CDG [LL ZIS RCN LH HKHHSQH DN[G ]C ELGSQ
E RLQHJ]D CKLO L[YD U[EG [QCQD U GSHC]D CO PFC E[GSN RGN EGSO PLWN ]CLS RLSUO PE GI OND RHFO LH
]HWS ]SNTO HJO HO GLG L[G RLZLISD PL[DF FD DLLJ]L NHQN GEL[G RLSUO UHW DJS PHZQ OND G[HCNO [D]TQH
IL VF OLUO RLHYQD U
OZQD H[DH [JC CDH EEG C[Q LON Z[I
VHT LHOG IL[ R[Q LHFJ FN CJ LHOG ]LDD UU PL O HKHI RLFNH [ZWG [DN CHG [LHCD LONG COG PLSH[JCG ]LHZ OU
GFDCH GOIE OG
LCQ [HKW RZOTH PFZ HC RZOTH [JC CD ]H]TN HC PL[N HL]J] HLGH EEG C[Q LON Z[I
U N OLUO VTHLLZHQSG L[DFN RCNQ JLNHGO L GL[LE LZTWQ LZHTW GLLFF CSFLUD CQUK
GUQ FYQ RCN RNO Z[IN ZLIG [DN DJS GZL[IG GUQ OU CHG HDHLJ ZLIGH XJ Z[HIG
KHZSS COC RN [QCS CO PC [HKW ZLIGO LFN HD RLC FJ]L VTHS GUQ COO HFDO GZL[IG
HGU HQYUD CHG HOLCN OUW HJN GQ ]C HSC PLTJLLQ HJNQ G]US OUHWD G[LDG OU HDHLJ
RLC TSHC PUKQH [KWLL UHFQH LONG ]C [D CHG HJN [DF O HWHTD RCN COG RN [QCS PC
HW[J LQLQ FO LTHT ]HDH]N GCN ZD DZUL ]HOGZ PL[NG ZOLT HQYUD CHG L[G H[KHWO
UYH Z[HIG DLLJ PL[NG JZOH [JC CDH XJG Z[I [JCO PL[N OLKGH PL[N HLG CO GZL[IG ]UD PC GC[S HL[DF LWOH
GZOFG ]QJQ CO GOWSH GLSWD [FE G]LG C RLFN ZLIQG RHQQ FYQ Z[HIG DLLJ]L CO UHFQ EZT D LTD RF GQD UUH
VCH CQQ GLD ]LOF PHQ [HKW GOLJ]D H[QC CD PE COGF OL G[HCNOH EN OLUOFN HSHQQ RLFQ CG LZISD DLLJ
CON EEG C[Q Z[HIN K[WDH@ HSHQQ DJLL L]L] LGQ HQYU GZL[IG JN NCQ CD G[H]G HFLJQ HGI DLLJ CSZTQO
HSHQQ RCN RLC LCFH GKDJG FYQH >HDIU COC HO JN PH HLOU OLUWG
IN VF
RLC RLZILS RLSUO ODC H]]LQ D[LZ LSWQ DLLJ RH[JCG GI [JC GID [QHC C[L]D RD GFHGL [
G U Q OU CHG RHLFG G]LQ DHLJ RLSUO PLSHFLSG RLD ZOJO L LN H][LD D[LZ PHQ HDLLJO
GUQ ]C GU CHG VHT ON VHT FLQ ]Q GLG HLFUOD PC PE RNOH G]LQ HDLLJQG CHG CHG [ H T L C G
RLQHO]G DHLJ RLSUO [ZLUG GI L O N G Z I S OU PLSF HSC RLZILSD RN CO JY[G
DDHF ]H LWU
FO CJ PL[LQ
RLCN [DHTG ]UFO CZH[D RD RSJHL [ O HSD OCUQL [F C]EHOW HLS[ZD HODLZH [H CD
CHG RCN RHFLSG [QHO ML[Y >EQ ROGO RN [QC HQYU GD[H@ [WHN PLQOQ PLOUDG RLC GOLZTD [HG
RLFO GHHHG [HG ]]LQ RLF L[GH G]LQQ PL[KHWG PLQNJO ODC C[L]D RD GFHGL [F CDLOC Z[
EQ ROGO TH]UH FHUH ZQK [WHN LQHO] DHLJ PE RLC JYH[G OYC G]LQ
ZLIGO RLHN]S RHLN MO [QHO "GZLIJGH O] GQ GZLIJG UFHL LSLC GFL GJOH [QCS UQQQ
ZLIGO GSHHND [DHFQ UQQ@ GFDO GULESD CO JND UQQ GZLIJGH RHO LLDO RLHN]S CO WUC
[JC [DCD HOLYGO GO GLG GLC ]C OLYGO RN G]U PEG ]DLLJ PUKGH >HLLDO CZHHF HCOH
[JC RWHCD JH] UUH HN R]SHGL HSD[
GC[SH@ GLWSO CSLF LSLC FLDU UHNO FTWG PHZQD JN ROGO [CHDQ RNH G[HKW [JC RLSUD OLYGO GO CC PC UQQ
P O[DH ICL[DH CEGD [HWQ RNH >PFC ONO RLFG CHG COC OUD ]OYG CZHF HCOF
[D]TQH GSNT JQ@ HI M[FD GLC ]C OLYGO GO []HQ LWUC [WC HQYU OU REGO LFN OUDG ]C GNG LCG GI PC MC
H]HD POO ]DLLJ >[DC ]SNTD VC
[HKW JLSQG RNOH ]HWN HSLC FDUGN [DHFQ L[ ]KLO HWHEN HFDU HFDU DO OU ]OJE JLSG
COC HUDH]G CHG FDUG CO L[GH HI GSUKD [KWS FYLN OHCO LH HLOUQ GZOTO FDUO HO GLG LN
H[KW CO PL[DHT L RNCH@ "GZOT CO FDUG PC RHFCG FTWLL UHFQH HSHQQ ]C ZLIG OU HSHFC
POHCH RDQ[U HWHE OU OHJQO FDUG FLD RLC LNG HCOD ODC G[LTGO HFLDH P JNHS RHFCG PC COC
> DYH FDUG GSOZTL [HDT L]LLG GSUKD [HKWO KZS JH]D
DJS ]OJEG [LCGO HUDK PU PJOSH [DE]Q CHGH HQYU OLYGO ]UF [D ON UDKD RHLN [QHO LH
UHLT PCG ZWTG O H[ZLU GIH ZLIQG [HKW ZIGD ULLTQ ZILSG ONH ZIGO ULLTQ CHG PE [DFG
GN Z[EG LHFLJD U CO HC RHFCO PLQHO]Q GOG ]C [KHW HQYU ZIGO FDUG
LLO Z[W
DGI O ] L D J OHQ]CQ PLCOQQ HLG ]DD H[QC JQ GNHTD GSQD PLQNJ RHOD PE RN
]LDJ HSLLG FN HSLLG
HSLLG FN HSLLGF HSFQOO LFN HSHOD CS]G GSL CO CD[G [LW RCN RNH@ DGI O F N HO HC[Z EL GOLUQ ]SQDH
>HUL RN [LW CO LDH GNOG HSUQ CJ[HC DECH MG HSLLGF PHQ GS HN[FN COC ]LDJ
GYLD U FNG RQ GOHFE OON M[FD ]LDJG LSWQ OFHEG [WG LEFGO HY[N FNO ]LDJ RLD PLQNJ HSLJDG PLQUWH
RLFN LOUD HOOG ]HLDJ LOUD HOOG HK
PLZHOJ PCG GOCG OU HFQU [DN E RL[FGSTDH RCN ]HWTH]G DH[G [JC RHQQD RLNOHG RLC DU
]C PLUL[NQG PLSLLF O DH[ RLD ZHOLJG OU RNH UHFQ RN PCH GI RLSUD ]HWS LSLFQ ]HSHQQ LSLF
PLZHOLJG OUH PGL[DF [HCDD PLSH[JCG L[WTD ]HD[ HNL[CG [DNH DHLJG OU HC GUQG OU RFG DH[O RLFG ZTW
FE [L L[U CN OCHQ ]N[D TG OU J[EG LHFJ KHF C]]UQ D H ]HZWTG T[KSHZ U PLSHG DH[ LEHT RLD
DDS LL ]LD JO CJ TLESUD [I[EG LHFJ HK
GJNHGGH [H[LDG RLSU FDOQ DH[ RLF EE [L L[U OYI WCZ RHUQ LD[ D]N PL[DF O PFHTLD
KHULQO DH[G RLD FCQ RKZ [WGD PE DH[G [JC RLNOHG L[G G[H]G LZHJQ ZJ CHG L[G HD L
]FLQ LW OU TTD]Q KWQG [ZLU PLSLF [CQ G[ZLUD CLG GSH ]HSHQQ LSLFD RLFG ]U[NG COC
]HZWTG [H[LD PE COLQQH G[L C[DTH [LG ONG ]QNTGDH ]UFD ]HLHO]G ]HLONG ]HLC[G
[DFG RHFLS P ]HUHDH ]HFU LSLFN G[H]D PL[HWQG ]HQHZQD CO PC C[DTH ON LW OU GUS
G[H]G LZHJ [CN
RHQQD ZIJHQG ]HNI MC GHGQ DH[ G GJNHGO PLHTQ OZQ HSL PSQC OCHQ [DHT MN RHLNH
[DFG P GO] ]HWS LSLFO [CDH@ HULLTQ DH[G PEG UDH]G O H]HNIQ ONG LW OU GWLFU
>]LHSCG G[DTD P PE [DFG LHO] ]HSHQQD HQN PCG RL[FGSTDH RCN TH]G ]HKLD
GI RHEN@ ONG LW OU PG PLU[NHQ DH[ LSLSU PSL PLSHG DH[G LEHT RLD GI LWO ZOJO L RNC
U[ P CLYHQD G[USG LDCO VTN GCQ ]SL]SN ]HSHQQ LSLFD PE LSHOW O HLDC GI HSC PLJLSQ
PGDH >RLOHJF ZWD H[QC HQN DH[ RLF OU ]TTHDQ HI GJSG PEG HNH HSD RHLFWD DLLJG DC HC
GLC[G OZQD LF RLC ]UFG ]U[NG LWO [CN Z[ PL[HQC HL[DF DH[G [JC ]NOO L OCHQ GFHQ
PLSLLFD DH[ RLSUO ]HWTH]G ZHOLJ ]C HI M[FD FHU [CDH GI O H]HZIJHQ ]C [U[UO
RLC CQH L[D MNO RNH@ DH[G [JC RHQQD RLNOHG RLC MNO [HZQ D]N JQ RLKLE UHGL LSW [WTDH
M[HY RLC OHZ RHQQ ZWTD PGLOC GLC[ LEL PGLOC EL PL[DF OUD LQ DH]NG RQ > VLFU L[D
RHUK UDH]O DH[ LN HOLWC FQOO OCHQ ]UFO M[YSH HQ ROGOFN CLG C[DT DH]NG HFLJD
GLC[ LEGO RLLFU CHG
]CYOH [HDO OHNL P[FTOH PYDZO HO OHFE J[HK RWHCD CZHF ]HLDJ GOHN PLD[G ]H[ COQQD
L[C ]HGEG LWU [D PC DLLJ KUHQ J[HKD ODC [JC PHZQO VLZGO H]HC PLNL[YQ RLCH TSNGOH
CNLC N [DFG DJS [CHDQ P L[Q POHC GLWSO CSLF LSLC FLDU [DHTO Z[ [HQC GI RLF UQQ JN TH]G L[DFO
P[GQH [D UH []HQ CQOU LOHNOH CFLTW
CNLG GLWSO CSLF LSLC FLDU [QC RQJS D[ GLWSO CSLF LSLC FLDU CO [QC GFHGL D[
F QHJ UHD WNH C[G D]N GLWSO CSLF LSLC FLDUF LELOW CO CQOU LOHN CFLTW CNLCF
RLFN HSQQ CLYHGH HO ]C OKS RLFD [[DO OHNL PC COC GLWSO CSLF LSLC FLDU PL[QHC RLC
PL[DFG ]HKWQH L]LU LSHQQ OLYGOH CHG LO [QHO HSQLG ON CO HQU RLFG [[DO OHNL HSLC PC ODC
QGL]SH UQTDH P CQ[D GID PLK[W FHU UH CFLTW CNLCF PHZQD RLFG CHG GC[S
FTWG J PLSW ON OU LN COC H]HNGO LC[ H[QC CO CZT P KWQG ]HDL]SD D]N FHU
H]HNGO ]H[ HO RLC ]CYO GYH[ HSLCH H]LDO TSNS PC ODC PJL[DL CQ RLOKOKQ JZOD RHEN
PLSLFG LZHOLJ U HZLIGH GNG PCH RLF ]LDO MOL COC
GQ ]H[EC ]HD RNH CYL FU HD OHDJO OHNL ]CYO GYH[ HSLC PC [DHTH ZOHJ UQQ K LD O[GQ L[DFQ
GD[ ]HNL[CD RLSUG OND UH ]HDL]SG O HZHOLJD ZWZW PDQ[G GSGH GFD E CJ QHJ
ZISG ZOTO HO []HQ RHQQ FTWG J RLCN PE [WC HSHQQO ZIS RLSUO ODC VHEG ]HCNG RLSUO COC ]HDL]SG [DLF CO
H]LDO TSNSN L[GH [DO HO H[L]G GFDO GJ[K PHQ [DQ GFD JN ROGO TH]D UQQ MNH MND FTWLL H[DJ PEG
J RLCN HO []HG CO VHEG ]CNG RLD ZOJO JNHQ L[G H]ODJ G[]HG CO NLWUCH HLOU J[HKO [DFG LCFH HCLYHGO M[YSH
HKQHO HO GLG ROGOFN ZLIGO HO [HTC ZIG COO ]HOZD [WC PC RHQQD PE MC RHQQ ZIS RLDH FTWG
PSHONH PD]NN
G[U O ][ZHSTOH QJ GKLUDOH O GDHN[O H[QC L[G
O GDHN[O HL[DFO PUK R]HSH MH[UD [W RNH FL [JCO GNQ CHG ][ZHST PL[WQ LH
LWO QJ GKLUDH UYQCD L RKZ PYUH ZHG C[H M[LG VHT PLZ[W GOD H]HC GNQ LWO
OON LO GC[S COH PFCG FLD L PL[DC EL LWO G[U O ][ZHSTO HOE[D ]HUDYC G L
RNH VH[EC ]NQ ][JC RHO FHU [W MH[UDH ODHJG Z[WD ][JC GDYZ GO LH H[KT C[ZS GI LN
MH[UG PUK PLLHZL RN PE ]HLGO OHNLH PDQ[G [W
LDOD L][QCH LSLUD ZJYQN GLG PLQUKG HOC L]HC[ ]OLJ]D L [ Q L O L[ OY LOHC GL[Q GLO L[H
]JC GKLUDOH CS[Z LD[ LS] HCLDG VL[G PEH ODHJG Z[WD LQOH[LG L[DF L]HC[DH PLZHSL]O CHG LHC[
FHQO]G VC GKLUDD H]JWH ][ZHSTD HWLTHG GQ OU COW LSLUD GLG HK ][ZHSTOH E GDHN[OH
HSLLGF OC[L X[C LQNJ ]UF LCFHDH JCF HOCH HOCH CYL [L]GD CYL GQ PHZQ ONQ [ZLU HSO
GDHN[H OE[ O ]HUDYCD COH OE[G ]TLWD GKLUDG LN FJC Z[WO OE[G [UL CS[Z LD[F C]LL[D
[FTD GSHQ HSLC HSO FHQO]GH OFHEC O ]HLOHJ LS NE GSQ LWO HK ][ZHSTH L][LWFN E
HOCG
L[G GODZD PC LN HDOQ GI CLYHG CO MH[UG OUD R]S LD[ ZWT LODH PLSHNS PL[DFG HCYL RN PCH
F GQO O PL HFLD FHQO]G ON G[HTQ
"ODDD ]LDEQ CZ CTSZ
X[CO GYHJD HOLWCH RGLSLUD GC[L [C LWN PGL]HSZ]D THSZO PLOHNL OGZG HSLFLD GOU
CHG L[G [LUG LSD HLOU HQLNTG [DFG ODDD ]HTSZ LSLF RLSF RLCF RSL[QCFQ CLZ COH CGF
[DFD GSZ]H [FE L HC[ LSWQ RN HU RHLN FHUH HD HDLLJ]SH HQYU OU FJC ON HGHODZ HOLCN
UH KY DL[G ]H R]SZ]D HQ ]HTSZG RLDHEH LFDU CZ HGLL]HJLOH ]HCHOGH ]HCFHGN GLO GHG
Q[ RDQ[O ]HTJHLQDH EY EJ CD[G ]H
JN VF
PLZOHJ PLQNJH GID CHG FLJL [QHC LSC [QHON GLOU RSD[ LELOWH CHG GCFLJL ED ED RD MQU
CD[U H[LWD PLZOHJ CO ODC HLOU
LN FDOD RQJS D[O CLHZG UQQ DL]LOH C[IW KHZSO GLWSO CSLF LSLC FLDU ][QC LCH
GF LQH[Q P PLDH PL[DHU MND FTWG HO RLC RHEN FLQUGO [WC GFHGL D[O
MN LFLO HQYU CLDGH [DFD UW CHG LSWQ CFLTW CNLC DJS GI RLC [CHDQ FDC[G L[DFQH
FHUH LNF[Q DL DD TH] LWU
RCN HQN ]H[D HZLIJGN HOZOZO [HTC PLD[ HD HZLIJG [YLQ
DZT IU C[EGD UH JL[GQ HQYUO RLF PFC GHU DL]LOH C[IW KHZSO LC[ ]H[D CO HZLIJG IU CQ[
GD HNI PFHZ FHU ]H[UQQ ][KWS GCWG L[ H[WDH C[QED UQQ [UQG RQ R[KHWO
ZJYL ]JSQ ]HD U [DFD ZW]TG KD ]HQH[] MOQOGSQG OU PLSH[JC GD[G HZG RCNQH PLLSU
E LL ]LD UUH PLD[ PL[WTO RLLY FKNZ IJ
ZISG LQHO]D DLLJ VHSLKG [LDUGO R]LS RWHCD PE UQQ PLQD HLON HWSLK COC HS CO
P]NG DLJH RDHOQ FED [YHL HTDNQNH ]HCLYQ L[ZQ GC[QF GC[SH JS GFSD CLFGO [CHDQ RNH
L]QH ZIS DJS H]HQFZO [IHJG ZIS L]Q HOC PLSLF LK[WD P ML[CGH DEL ZD LC RHIJ FHJQ RHZL] RHDLOGH ZIS
GJ[K P[EN COC RHFLS HSLC
RLC [QHO COC RLQHO]Q PLFED [C VHSLK KUQO GSHHNG RLC HSHOQ UQQH RQE[CH LQ LFEDD RCN [LW R]SHGL HSD[H
MHQTD ROGOFNH G]LQ GI
CDHQD [FG [HCDD U
PLON COH [HQJ PFC COH [H [HQJ HC [H GQ OWSH
DU
MDY[Q L[EGQ E OLUO
L ZHQU [HDQ HQYU [HQO HO L ]UF [D PFC ONHQ PUK R]S EOCN PLKWQ GQNJ MQ [WTD
RLCH FDO MHOGO RN[F PLLJ LOUD RN CO P[QQ PGLOUD PQ]T PLON RN HQNH ]LQGO LFN HD
RD PFC PE G[UQ ]HJW [HDDH FS ROGOFN [HKW PHLD JZW [H PSQCH@ PQYU [HQO ]UF PGD
[HD RN CO HSQQ [QLGO H]UF OU GOUG COH >CT RLHFZ H[ZLQ CU[CF LSCES F@ [GIS ]HJW ]UF
LQOH[LG ]KL ][HHJQ C[DTG FYQH@ LSHOW PHZQD L [HD ]HL[DG OYC CHG PT[HWQ ZHQU
GUQO LN PC PLKWQ [W LSHZIJG H[LWO GID RHHLNH HL[DF RCN FU >RLZISQ PE PFC OU [HKW L ZHQU [HDD
FS ROGOFN HLOU PL[HKW ]UF [D HSLC PFC PE
MNOG PLOND RLZIS H G]LQ MLL RLC FDC[G [W RL[HKW PLONH DLLJ PFC RLZIS RLSUO ODC
CD[ R]]LQN DJS VHSLK PE COC P][LD Z[ COH L[QEO PG PLKUHQQ
PLLHC[ PL[DG LN PLOND GLHYQ GSLC G]LQ GKTZ[TQ P[GQ [WO CLDG ]YDHZQ GKLDH
]HLJG L[G HQLO GLHC[ GOLDSG PE WUC H[W R][LD ]C G[H] GKULQ LCFH MNOG LGON GNCOQO
PL[DD HGF ON HQL HD PLLZ RLLFUH HHQL CHG HSLSU ON LOND NCQ GSSLC
PLFED [CD ZLLFO LH R]]LQ CLG HI LQS RWHSLK RQE[CH LQ LFEDH D]N R]SHGL HSD[ H[LWDH
L DLYSG D]N GI RLUNH TDN]GOH MONO]GO MND PN[F RHLN CQOUD ZIS COC G]LQ VHSLKG RLC
L GQO ]JSQDH HSZ]O [WCH DZLS LON RLSUO RN D]N ES PLSLU GWLDH HNONO]S ]H[LW RLSUO
LQ LFEDD Z[ DLLO L R]SHGL [GO MC G]LQ DJS PLON VHSLK VC [CHDQ HS]LEHTQ GZG