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n LNH CN ]HQ G[H] G[QC MNLWOH
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HSLC [JC FYO HQYU ]C JZO LQ ODC HSHQQ HO GU ZILGG POL MNLWOH GIO GIQ ZILG
G[LGIG COH HQU OON ]HUL[ HO RLC L[NS RHOD C[ZS H]OHI FDHU Z[ ONG C[D LQ FDHU
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OC[LG DLLJ MN [JC [LLE]S PC RNH OKHS CHG HO ]C PLSQHIQ ]HUQ L[NSG THW]L PCH UZW COH
D]N RNH L[NSG [H ]C JES H[HN OC[LO DHLJ OON RLC HSLS RCN HOLCH HDHJ ]C HO POO
HGU[ Q PLKUQQ HNUH G[HTC H]CHHOG ]UZWG DH] [EO C]HZWS VLTHGH GL ZD LC RHIJD
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O[GQ ]UFD UYH
HL[DFQ CLFGO [CHDQ GD[FCH H]CHHOG ]UZWG []G CLDG CO PDQ[G LCRHIJG CLDG FHU
HL[DFO [HZQ P GC[GH G[HTC
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b
FQU C[Z [QC HGDC [ [QC
PLN[F L]D [WO L X[C FFQLH
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LH GL CHIJG KZS MNH R]SHGL HSD[D QNH O[H VTHL LZHQSD [CHDQ RN DLLJ PLHE []LH GC[ PHQ
C[GQG ]T[EO GN LHE O [H JES OC[L O [H H[KW COC CZHF HCO HGU[ PL[WQ
L[DF ]T[ED PE [DFG LHO]H
Z
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[JC PHZQD PLC[HQC
[H]LQ COC GOQG ]HUQQQ G[F HI RLC L[NS KUQO HGU[ PL[HF ]HQHZQ [CD LW OU VCH
H GIO EJ [IULJC LWU L[NS KUQO RLC DH >FZG KUQO RCN RHEN@ HGU[ Q [JC [DF PL[HF PCH
RNH RHC[G FYG LWN JLNHG GIQH FZG PLKUQQ PC HGU[ Q COLQQ KUHQQ LHE JLSG O[H GF LQH[Q ML[CG U
OOND LHEG RLC C[ZQD HGU[ ON CD ]H[LN QQD UQQ
LWN PSHQQ ULZWGO [ ] G HSFQOQ R[CW [GQ ULWHG HC PLHE []LH GC[F [HZQG MN RLDH MN RLD POHCH
[DF O HWHTD MC PGLWON OC[L [HKW LU PC PGLOU DHLJ ]OKG ][H]D PC PLQNJG LSLU ]HC[
GJ RHQQ LZIS PDQ[G D]N HQNH TSZ HC PLQNJ ]SZ] CHG GSQD DH]NG RLFG
RLFO ]H[HZQG LN " [ZWG RLF ]LD [ZWG PHZQ OND CHG OON COGH [DFO FJHLQ [HZQ HN[YHG GIH
PLQNJ FLD JN L PHNU LWON PE HSUFL COH KW ]HQDL HO RLKE U H[QCS OC[LD RLF ]LD [ZWG
OIE FQO DH]NGQ []G LO GQO RCN ]HWTH]G ]LHZ [CD GIDH HG [L L[U RCNQ COC PGQ PSHQQ ULZWGO
FL[ CJ FHL GQ ]H[EC P CHIJ UH TH]G OU PLSH[JCG ]HLHZ ]HDHLQH []HQ PHNU
PHQ HDHLJ LSWQ H]ZIJ OU HSHQQ FQUG PL[QHC RLCH RHQQ HDLLJO DH[G [JC PLNOHG LHEZWTD MNO CJS[ JGHYZ UH
RHQQ ]ZIJ HD RLC MNOG CHG [ZWG
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LFN OCUQLO ULWHG P LN CZHF R[CW KZS OC[LO RSHQQ ULWHG R[CWQ R[CW [GQ ULWHG
GDSEG ]ULSQD HSCLQ FESNH DHSE] CO GD [QCS PHQ HD[T PGH OI[FN G[H]G ]C ODZL
C[GQ ]HFEC LHFJ PSHQQ ]C [L]GH FQU PL[JCQ
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OC[LO RSHQQ [L]GH FQU
RL[YQ RSLC RN ONH ]HHYQ UDQ PG OIEG OU PLFHJH PGO U[ DOH PG PL[INC GC[ [QHON
PGL[H H[QL LFN DH]NG PTSZ MNLWO PGLJC ][Y OU
CO LFNH PSHQQH OC[L O R]QGD FLTWGO LFLJF PHQ ONG POO PSHQQD PLQNJ HTSZ
ZLIQNH H[LDJO ZLIL CO H]QGD [HQO M[F OC[LD THSZO RN RLC GQ PHTSZ MND RLOLE[ HLGL
]LOC[LG [KWH H]HL[INC LWN L[NSG SUH PFC LSD ]HDOH ]H[]TSG UFHL PGH GHU CHG HJ[N OU
GJ RHQQ LZIS PDQ[D [CHDQ [DFG [ZLUH UU R]SHGL HSD[ HDDO PH] LWN
LJH PFCG P]C
b GUL [C [QHO FHQO] "OHFE RGNN CHG G[H]D ZTHUH L[NS HOLWC RLSQ
CQIHE COC GHUH GHHYQ HSLC GIH GHUH GHHYQ RGNG L[G CZHF HCO O H F E R G N N PGD
COGH OHFE RGNN CHG MCLG GZG CD[GH GC[G NNH ]HFGQD E IU FL[G TH] KZS CQOUD C]HDLJOH CLG
GHUH GHHYQG O GFHDUQ GHHYQ HSLC O FHQLO OHFE [QHO PLSHC[O [D]TQ RLC GC[SH X[L] COH GHUH GHHYQ HSLC
LHEO PFHZ X[CG PU OC[L LCFH HOLYGOH H]HLJGO GHYQG RLSUO ODC [DHFQ CQOUD FHDN RLSUOH
CEO DJ JHC GQ ]H[EC U G[H]D ZTHUG
CZ
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GHHYQN [N RGLOU PLODZQ RLC L[QC [N RGLOU RLODZQ RLC R]HC RLQLLZQ HOLWC [QHO
HODZL CO UHFQH RGLOU PL[GIHQ PG VHT ON VHT L[G RLDGO L GHUH GHHYQ HSLC LQN COC GHUH
"CHG [LH ZLFY GDZGH [N
GDHKG GOHUWG RQ G[LL GCYH]N CD LUDK G [NG PLZOJ LS HD L ]HHYQG LUQ [N COC
PLLZQ HGUQD GCL[DG PHLZD G RHY[ ]C COQQ MN OU PFCO ULEQ LOHQE [N ]CI FHUH
HGHYQ HSLC [I GOHJO ]QLHTQ GWH[] OU G[HQG CWH[G OQNH@ DHKG GUQG LU HOHN POHUG ]C
MC UEWLL HCO PCDH CW[]L MN GUL PCD ]HLH[WCGH PLN[FG ]C HLSWO ELYQ COC MN OU
HQYUD CWH[G L[G GSJZLL PC DHK [N HO JLKDQ PEH GWH[]G ]JLZO OU HGHYQ HSD ]C CW[QN
LUDKG [NG CHG HQYU LHWL[G FDOQ GSOKLL PCD VTHS [N JLKDQ CHG RNOH HLHWL[D FCQ XWJ
>GWH[]G O [LLGH
[Z ][]G RHO R [ L ] G H FQU ]HHYQ UD PLQLLZQ PSLC POHUG ]HQHC GDZG GC[ [CN
MNOG G[H]G ]C OC[L PHLZD MC COC RGD LHO]H [HZ H]EGSGH POHU O HQHLZ RLC G]UQ [QHON
CD CHG LOHQEG [NG ]C HFDC ODC DHKG GUQG PYUQ ]H[LL UDHSG [NG ]C HODZL PSQC
RCN GF LQH[Q LWU PGLUQD LHO] HSLC DH POHUG L[G HQHLZDH POHUG DHLD G XWJ LHOLQ OU
L]ZHJD L[ [DF ZQUGDH
DH G]UQH PLSHLOUG ]HQOHUG RLDO PLSH]J]G GUQ RLD [ZG ]C PGO [L]GH FQU GQHF M[FD
LWU GIG POHUD GOESG GUQG O P]OHUW [N LWO COC ]LSJH[G P]OHUW OU [N PLODZQ PSLC
IU L[ UFLHGL RD
FYQ Z[ PDHLJ G]UQH HLSDH JSH RHC[G PFC FYQ LHHLYG ]C PGO [L]G GSHHNG [LW LQ LH
LSWQ PGL]HHYQ PLHU PC COC PLHUH PLHHYQN [N PLODZQ PSLC RN OUH H][H]D HSLD[ GQ LHHLY
IFL DHTLC JQ [HC LWU PLSHC[G PGLCLDS ]QJQ COH GQ LFL OU HSULFHGH GDZG PGD GHY
H]ECF LSWQ CHG GHUH GHHYQ HSLC LQQ []HL GHUH GHHYQG OHFE [DFG PUK LWO [W LQ LH
HOC PLQUKH []HLD H]LTQ H[YL PHQ HC CO RLHFLZD TH]G NHQN LHHLYG OU [HDUL CQ H[UYH
HGL CO DH P [ L ] G H FQU MNOH ]HHYQG OU PLF[JH PLECHF PSLC POYC PLNLL PSLC GC[
LQ [NN P[N COLQQH ]H[D [DFN POYC CHG L[G COC PGL]HHYQ ]H]HDUD PL[HTCH PL[HZ
GQ ]OJS LWU GHUH [DFD DLHJQ HSLC
LWUC ]HHYQH G[H] OHU HLOUQ Z[WH HQYU ULZWG LQ OND [HQC L[LCQG D]N GI RLSUH
POHUOH GHUH GHHYQ RLC LQN COC GHUH GHHYQN FHU [N ODZQ HSLC GDFS FYQ R]YZQ PLLZQ
GJL HC GHYQ [DFO ]HIL[I HC GHYQ [N HOLWCH H[N JWZQ GDZG RLC GQO G[H]D ZTHU ON
ROGOFN GCS
PGO ]HHYQ UDD ZTHUD KS RL[FGSTD H[LW OHFE RGN CHG G[H]D ZTHUH L[NS HOLWC RLSQ
>]HHYQ R]HC FHQLOD [N OHDLZ PGO GLG CO PGL]HHYQ PGO [L]G HOLC GZQ HGIH@
LJH PFCG P]C
b GUL [C [QHO FHQO] "OHFE RGN CHG G[H]D ZTHUH L[NS HOLWC RLSQ
L UQQ GI LWOH G[H] FHQLO OU CZHF HCOH ]HHYQG PHLZ OU [DFQ GI C[ZQ G[HCNO PGD
ZTHU D COC RN H[QC CO GC[S PL[DFG ]HKW POHC GHUH GHHYQ HSLCN ]HHYQ PHLZ OU [N L[NSO
DZ
JO VF CQZ CDD
GUL [CH G[H]G FHQLO OU DH]NG ]SHHN [W [DF ZQUGDH RCN DLYSG RNCH GFHQLOD HSLLG G[H]D
GUQ HG[HZ GI ]HC[ZQG LZHLF [WQH ZQU]QG P]C
RN GC[S RLC IDF[DH L[LCQD WUC D]NH I DJD GSH E CJ FHL
GQ ]H[EC ]HD CLFGO D]N RNH
[CD ODC G[H] FHQLOD COC RCN H[QC CO HCYQS FL LD]N OU MHQTO RLCH [WHT ]HUK PGD GOWS GC[SN
HSLC L[NSG LWO ]HHYQ PLLZQG RKZO GQHF HSLCH GHUH GHHYQN CO VC [N ODZQ HSLC ]HHYQ
GSGF GF IW QHJ [ISLSDCG L[DFQ UQQ RNH OON G[H]G ]ODZD
ZHOLJ RLC IDF[G H[LWD UH LL PLNOQ PDQ[G L[DF LWU KZS ELC ]] CQZ L[IU LDC [WTD POHCH
GHUH GHHYQ HSLCN [N GID L PLLZQ PHNUG ]HHYQ [CO G[H] FHQO] RLD
COG G[HKZ LSDQ HLG [QCSH GJFS HOLWCH MN OU [N HODZH PQYU HOQ PLLHED GUQ LHQ GD[ ]LC[DD UH
HSLC LQN [N PLODZQ ]HHYQ [CD VC G[HCNO JNHQ NCH GOLQD PLDLLJ ]H[HFO G[HKZ LSD PC PLSHC[G HZOJS
MN OU FQU P TG LSHLOEDH@ L IUD PHO [D CULKZF GUQQ JS LSD OYC GOUQ CLG UQQ RNH GHUH GHHYQ
ODZQH GHYQD HQYU OLONGO OHNL OL [LW [HQCG LWO MC HQYUD OHDJOH OHQO HO []HG FYLN [LLE]S CO RHLN COG
]LG ]HYQ LSWQ RN GHU PC MN OU [N ODZQ LHE ]OLQ ]HFHC JQZ PDQ[G ]DH]D [DFG [HWQ [H >[N
>I DJ FHL QECD D]N GQD UYH@
RNH LHED PCH DC FHDN RLSUO CO RLHFZH FN ROGO C[QED [HWQNH [N HO L PLFHQ ONG ]HLON ]HHYQD GC[SH
[WCH FTJ ]DGC [WTO H]QNTGD DLYSG NNH FNH KE ]HQH[] GSQG H[LWD PDQ[G L[DFN ]HFZGH PL[FS RLSUO
HS RL[FGSTDH D OLUO RLHYQD U PLSHC[ GQN HD]N HQN PGD GHHYQ LHEG OL GID P D L L J Q ONG RLC HOCND VC
PLOES PLQUK GO L GI OOND GOLQ ]HYQ OLH [N MN OU ODZQ LHEG LON LHSC PUK RGO L ]HHYQG ON VC COC
PLSHC[G NHQN OND PLNLLG
RCN LDY [GD UUH G[H] L[NSO FQOO [HTC COG ]HWTH]D HOC [DN
HOH HSH HC[Z PN][H] HSHFQO
L[NSO G[H] FHQLO ]HFHC DL GELEJ ]UF VTHLD RLHYQDH
R]CSG [HDUD ]HQHCG PU G ][H] PLFQHOG OCUQL X[CH IUHOH F[WT ]SLFQD HCYQS P]HCO PGO LHCH O[ RHO HIH@
GODZD G[H]G [TQ GH GHUD HSLC[H HSUQ [CN ]HSLQO PLNWGQ PG MN [JC LN IUO PLSD PLFOLQG PG R[N LQHO]H
LD[F LZ[WD C]LCFN ]HSLQO HNWGL CO LFN GW OUD G[H]G DH]NO JLSG COH HN PLSZIO UHGLH UHGLO [QHO GQO
CHSQ PSHU OHFE FUWO ]HQHCG PU PLFQHO [C G ]YU [WGO PWHEDH P]HWSD PLCKJG PLSCG R]HC RN PC [IULOC
> RHLY ]HQJSD HC[L COH
O[ RLF ]HUO PLSHQQG PL[@
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L[G ]CI PGO H[QC PG PLQNJ [WO RLC@ HULFHGO CO FTJ PNQU GUS >PLSLYZ CDY L[ CLH
O[ [LW RNH X[W HSD[ FLQO] >]HSU[HWG LSWQ ]HNOQO PLULFHQ RLC L GD[G PL[DF
ONG HJN FU [HY POHTO HULEG CO RN LW OU VC LQOH[LD H[QCH
[HTQO DLLJH GSNTG LN VC G[H] L[DF ]HSO [HTCF C]LL[D LCGQ RSLUQ HSHO HI O[GQ D]N
OLOU] PLQNJ HC[LL CO GQOH PGLOU G[IE GU[G ]HNOQ TH]F LHSL FJ LWOF GLOU HQYU
PGH RZLILGQ RL[HKW HSJSC ]HQHCG LSWD [QHO GIN GZ [DF CYQ] CO COG PGLOU GU[G ]HNOQ
ON GU[G ]HNOQ K[WD GLSLQ ZHWLOF HD[HJH ]HFQ GQNO HJ HJO LHC[ GLG CO LNH PLDLLJ
EZ
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RL[HKW PGLS HC PLDLLJ PGLS HC ]HSO PGO GLG NCH HSLCSH OU OWS]GOH OOHE]GO Z[ P]DJQ
GQ ][H]D [WHNN GHG RLFG GSL HJ PCH PG HFLZ OU [HTQO HSC PLDLHJQ GSLQ UQ COC
OH L[NS OO JES OC[L O [H RLFH RLF ON OU PLK[WD HOC PL[G RHEN L[LLC CQ]TQH
]C KQO PFLD ]OHNL GLG CO LN PG ]HFZ OU ]QCG HDLG RN OUH OC[L OO JES L[NS
GI LRFQ PQYU
CHG CLQ RQ P]G G[H]G HSLH HNH PLSZI DU TSLN LQO]D GUQ GOLEQF ZWD C]LCF CGH
LW OU GHGH HNH FJC ON DOD GDZG R]S P]G C]LC RNH GLG FHZG JH[ RLUNH HGLLFGD HQLNTCF
HSL HQNH ]HSLQO HNWGL COF RHOG HSL COC H]HUQQQ [DF PH HSL CO P]G FHUH [HDLFG
LO GQ GQ ][H]D [WHNN GLG MWGO HC DLLJ [HKWG OU [QHO ODC HKHWN C[ZQG ]SHHN CHG MN
HNH G[H]G ON LO GQ FJC [HDLF
CG FDULQO [WC LCQ L[QCF CHG CWHFLEF LCODDF C]QJS LDE LO ]LC LCQ HGO [QC
GSHHNG RN [QHO []HQ PLQNJN GNOG GQO O PLD O[GQ D]N "LFDU FDUQO [WC
VHFLEN HGI RN [QHO RLC ZTW DHU FHL CQ[G POHCH PHON OLUHL CO ]UN LNDG CHG P][LQCD
GOG PD GDH] LJ]WD CDHQ RNH O[GQG ]LC[ GJF IKD UH
]UFO VC RN [QHO []HQ CQ [HFG OHFE LWON JLNHGO FFY HSLICG VHT OYI RLKSLW Q[EO GQ [F [WTD UH
HSLD[ GQ LWON OC[L H[QC GIO GQHFD HSLYQ LWN COHUN PLZTHWG
RLSUN GDGCQ M[D]L PHZQG ][LIE ODZO PFCG DLLJ COC L[ZQ VFEQ CSHHE LCG LNDF GSLQ UQ
[QCS GDHKG OU M[DQ PN GU[G OU M[DO PFC DLLJ RS]F HSLLGH HNH DHKG ]C PE [QCS
VTHL LZHQS HNH ]DGCH
OYC PE COG TH]G HOC [DN ]H[D CO GQJOQ ]HUO GQ O H]UF OU GOU GQ LNH
ODC GQJOQ PD H[E]L CO PUG [QHON [QCO [QCS ]HQHC [CD [WO LH "RN [QCS ]HQHC [C
O H]UF OU GOU GQ H[QC HGIH LHHLYG [QCS HQYU GQO RN PCH [QCO DL]N CO DCHQD
KD PL[DF GQNJ MQ G Q
[JG ]OLCDH [LCQ ]LD LHFJD U ]H[D CO GQJOQO GCLYL OU FHU
[WTD LW OU VC ]LSHQUG GQUSH GLDCHQG ]H[ RGQ CLYHGO LO L ]HDHK ]HFL[W L] DU
G]LG ]LSZFY SUS ]LSHQUG GQUS OU CO ]LSHQU PLS OU GQO SUS UQQ PLNOQ
VTHL LZHQS PLDNHN ]FHDU ]HFDHU HLG ]HLSHQU [C OU COC RCN UQQFN
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[UY ]YZ COHU O H]QJS GD[FCF VLTHGH PLQNJN COC COHUN GNOG RLC O[GQ ]UF [HQCN
[LWH@ H]HSEO COH ]QG ]C JDO ML[Y ODCGH ]QG FHDN PHQ COC RN [QHO [HTCH ODCO CLG
]HDC RHUD PL]Q PLSD PLQUW GQN LN ]HQL CO FOLG ][LKW PFHZ RSHZQH GNHD GLG FHF MNO
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GLJL LCFNH LHC[ GLG CO LCFHD ]Q PC H]KL LWO CHG COC VHFLEO HDLJG COHU PUK GQ NCH H[LIJGO ONH]
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RN]L PL[DHTH H]UF [ZLU OU PLZOHJ JNHQ RN OT COF PLQNJ NCH PHZQG ]UFO ]FEHSQ H]UF HOLCN VHFLE PHQ
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GD HLNUH G[H] LSDH ]HDLL FHU ]HLGQ PLD[ HCL]G [DN GS PLLQJ LSWO LS[HNI@
QU FJ HGLOCQ D]NQ >P]HUK ]C PLCH[ HSLSLUD
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