RLS]HS H]HC PLJOQNH PGLFLD PLU[G PLUQQ PUSHQO HC HUL GQ PULFHGOH P]HC RSHNO
]QCD HJO OCG PUG HUFL LFN ]WHQH ]HC HO
H]OLJ]Q HD PLUFHL HSLLG PFC COC CLDS CHG HO PLSLQCQ ]WHQH ]HC GHUG ON COH
GCHDSG LN[FD MOGQ GLGH HOLE LSD ON OU RGD GOU]S HLUQDH H]QNJD GCHDSO LHC[ CHG
UHQO GHYQ
HJO OCG [QCH ]WHQH ]HC GUH CD MN [JCH G]HL[WDH G]HFZD
HED PL[DF HO L ]HCG GIH CLDS HSLCH ]WHQH ]HC GUL [WCH RHUQ] HLOC [QCS HSQQ
OU H]HC PLFLQUQ CHG GCHDSO LHC[H PNJH OHFE PFCH OLCHG HO UHQO GHYQ RN LW OU VCH
[WC LWUCH PL[N PLFU LS LW OU RLFG ]C MH]JO HSLHKYS HQN HSLHKYS MND H]ZIJ
CYHLNH HOCG PL[DFDH R]H[N OU R]HC RLFLQUQ HSLOYC PG PL[NH OLCHG [ZD HFLUG
DDOO GC[L GH PLSLUO GC[L PFCG LN [QCSH HSLSDOH HSO ]OESGH HSLZOC GO ][]TSG [QCS RGD
CL R[G ]H[FDH GSQO H]QFZGDH ROGO UUH II G[H]G LFHTL PDQ[G RHO
HO RLUQH RLC ]QC [QC HOLWC LCFD O HSHU MN
PGH QQ PGHQN PSLC LW OU VC GE[FQD PLS[Z ]NO PGO PLDH[Z PG PL[JC LH
[C PLUQH PL[HWLT ]HFDOH ]NOO MND P]HSQHC RLC HSLLGH PGL[DFH PGL[HWLTD PLDINQG
PJH[ OU GOUL HQN PL[ZG RQ PGD HD[UL GQ [DF [WTO PCHDD ODC HLGL COH HC[DS CO
PGL[DFO RLQCGO [WC LC [C PLCFDG PG PGH UDK HQN PGO D FU GID HOE[]LH
GU[G PGD HULDKG [DN HO PLUQH RLC ]QC [QHC HOLWC LCFD O HSU MN OI P[QCQNH
CL PL[L ]OLTQ PGLW MH]Q DING RQ PLLZS PGL[DF ]CYO HONHL CO ]CIG
Y VF
RLC HSLD[ GQ [JC FHQUL CLDS ON [QHC ]CYQS DLLJ G[H]G RQ [DF [HZUO CDS]QG
LSWQ COC [QCL GQ ONO HO UQS ]HC GUL PC [QCS LFN HFDO ]HCG LSWQ HD PLSLQCQ HSC
PLFU PLS LW OU [DFG MH]JO HSHY HQN RHUQ] HLOC ]HC R]S PC [QCH G[H]D GQ GHY GHYQG
HSC RLC WUC CLDSG GIQ UHQO GHYQ MN [Z PC ]QC HFLUG PC RLUFHL HSC RLC LW OU VCH
KOH VHLND HC ]QC ]HCG PC PLUFHL
RLC HSLD[ GQ O H]CHDS LJNGO ZDH PLOHFE PL]WHQH ]H]HC GUH CLDSG FQU PC MNLWO
LW OU GSLC HSLD[ GQ ]CHDS LWO RG VHNH KOD ]H]HCG R]HC [HCDD RLUFHL HSCH HO RLUQH
CHG UQ HQN GHSUQ HSLSICDH GHSLC[ HSLSLUD COC GI ]H]HCO GI ]H]HC MH[US LFU ]H]HCG
RGO UQH HSLC GC[ HQN HSLC HLSLUD GC[ [DF OU PFCO HFLUG PLFUO "GQHF GI GQO CG
CLDSG L[DF OC UQ] CO ]WHQGH ]HCG CD PC G[H] G[QC MNLWO [Z LFU RG LCFHD UFHL COC
]WHQD PLSLQCQ HSC RLCH OLCHGH MLSLUD ]LC[ GQ LJNGO ]WHQH ]HCD MLOC CD GI L[G CHGG
HSUQH HSLC[ GQ O H]CHDS LJNGO CD GI ]HCQ ODZS MCLG GQ HSHY ]HHYQG LSWQ COC
P QU XH[J ]HDJQ UUH HKJ PLKWH GQNJ MQD JDO PUK UU
E DJ G[H]G LFHTL PDQ[
]HHYQ [CO PHNU RLD ZHOLJG OU
U[HYQ OCHQQ
GNZ
]UF VTHL
HNZ
G[H]D ]H]LQ LDLLJ GODK
INZ
]UF VTHL
[HDU CLDS MO [QCL PC OND [HKW ONG L[DF ]HYQ [CDF ]YZQ OHKLDH ]YZQ PHLZ ODC
[QC PC ODC G[H] L[DF OU [HDU [QHO HZFZF PLDNHN ]FHDUQ XHJ HO UQ G[H] L[DF OU
RLC FNH LSQI RWHCD COC ONH ONQ GHYQG [ZHU HSLC PC HOLWC HO UHQO [HTC [DFG MO []HQ
OU [HDUO GU ]C[HGN [QHO OHNL Z[ COC HSLD[ GQ ][H]Q [DF OKDOH [HTCG ]C [L]GO OHNL
UFLHGL RD [HTCG [DFG
COC HO UHQO [HTCH PLOKD HL[DF UQQH [ H K W
]YZQ OHKLDH ]YZQ PHLZ H[QC RHOG GI LWO [LW L]CH
UYH []HQ [QC [DHFQ P COC "HOHZD UHQO GHYQ COGH G]LQ DLLJ]Q HSLC
IU ]CQHK JN LFL OU G[H]G GUFL H[LW PLDNHN ]FHDU O G]UF VHTO G[H] GULEG
PLZGDHQ ]H]HC GUL PC PE [QHO GOQQ G[H] GS]S MNO HOCN PL]WHQH ]H]HCH VHLN ]HUO R]LS
[SO MH[U HO UQ] OC HOCN
GUS HSLC J[T [JCO PEH [Z CLDS VHTDOH ]QC CLDS H]OJ]Q [HIU RD GLSSJ RHEN COC
[HCDN FW GC[ L[WT G[I GFHDU FHDUO [QC PFHZ CDLS ]HCHDS R]HCO UHQO PLHHYQH U[WQO FHJ
DEL P GQNJ MQ [WTD GID D]N GQD UH C[EG
Z O J Z[ W
RLSUD X[C H[LL POHUO PLZLFY PON MQUH [QCS CDG POHUO ZOJ PGO L OC[L ON
POHUG PLQNJ H]HC HC[Z GI JJ GDH] OI PDQ[G D]N PHZQ OND PLQNJG H[LNIG CDG POHU
COC RN [DFG RLC POHUG H]HC CHDL MN [JCH FDHC POHUG GIH G]U LHYQ HSLC LSWQ CO C D G
LSWQ COC CDG POHU HGHC[Z COH MD PLTHJO ]OUW MLC[LO ]SWY [C [QCS FQHUH LHYQ CHG L[G
PFC ONO CYQSG HGIH WSH VHED HD PLQLLZ HSC GIG POHUG LLJ [JC PFCO HO RLCD RLLJG R]HC
GSHC[D
CJ E Z[Z LCFTJ LD[O PG [HC UU PLOHFE FHUH OHQEG [U PFCG ][H]D RDQ[GH GQ[G FDC[G HOLCH
CHDL POHUO GSHHNG CDG POHU H[CDH HZOJ MOLCH KE CJ G M[F H[WTD OJQ[ DKLG [CD ML[CG RNH F
[JCO ]HCYQS ]HWSG HD POHUG HOLCH@ GLJ]O PL]QG HQHZLN GIG POHUG ]HON [JCO FL]UD
]HNNFIQ RG P CDG POHU ULEL FU ]HQSO [DUQN QQH ]HQSG POHU GSHNQG CHG ]HQG
>ROLDEL [QHJH VHE RQU RLC LN R]SNGH RSLSU LWN ]HNOHGH
CHG C]LL[DG C[QED HCLDG MNQ GLJ]G [JCO GI CHG RCN [HQCG CDG POHU G [DFO C]ULLTH
PL]QG ]LJ] H[LNIG CO GSQD COGH PL]QG ]LJ]D ZOJ HO GLGL CO MNLWO PL]QG ]LJ]D [WN
R[ LWU PL]QG ]LJ]D PLQZG HOCO HSLLG RS]F DGHU UQQ COC
HI PU HI GI RLSUD ]HZHOJ ]HFEGH OI HSL]HD[ L[FQQH LD[D[ LOCD GLHO] GSL ]ZHOJQ CLG HIH
PNL]WS OU [WNO WGU C]
P
VTHL ][CW] UU
JNZ
Y VF RL[FGST
HQYUO [DFH RLSU GCL[DG ]UQ RNHQ CHG CDG POHUG GLG HUQQ CDG POHUD H[QC CO
HQYU PFCG LFL GUQ CHG CHG CDG POHUG ]QCG ODC HSQQ ZOJ H[ND HO HS]L PFCG ZFYL PCH
GHFZG ZOJ FJC ONO PGO L OC[L ON H[QC RNO HLUQD HQYUO ZOJ RLZ]GH VLTHGH DLJ[G
GHU CHG CDG POHUO HGIH PLDHKG HLUQQ CDG POHUO VLTHGH RLZ]G ]HJYJYGH ]H[HCGH
]HDC L[ PLLJ JH[ DLC PLLJG WS MH]Q HQYU PFC LFL GUQ CHGH ]HHYQG GUQD CDG POHUG G]U
POHUO OC[L X[C RLD L]HGQ [Z L RNC OC[L X[C OU [DFQ X[C H[LL POHUO DH]NG KW
GD HO L LQH OC[L X[CO L GOHFE GOUQ KLEO ]LC[D C[IU RDC PG[DC HSD[ D]N HQNH CDG
CDG POHU ZOJN CHG DHJ ZOJ
JLZ DD C[GQ ]HFEC LHFJDH RGNG Y[O PL[QCQ LKHZO [WT VHTDH QU FJ HGLOCQ D]NQ [WTDH RDQ[D UH
CLO] CGD CG
CDG POHUO ZOJ PGO L PCH P]HOEQ PLD PC RHFLSG PLKDG ][U RLSUO LZ ROGO UQQ RNH
UUH POH[LD FZG [GD GO HHJ]GH [HC X[CD PLFDCG HCDH CDG POHU RLSUO LD[ CLDG C[ZQGQ P QNH
JLZ DD ]UF VTHLD
O HD[ C[IU LD[ PNJG D]N CDG POHUO ZOJ HO RLC OIJ L[DFD PLD[ ]HQHZQD CYQ] GQ
CHGH H]H[D CHG [YHC HQYU LSWD ]LD HO RLC [QHO GY[ [LDUC LSC GF C] LKCSZL[D CDHQ RDQ[G
PLD[ PLFQHU PHZQD FQHU CHG ]HNI HO RLC LQH > HFHDN LWO [HFQ HO RLHU HGIH@ HLOU OHQ
C[EG PD JLC PLLJG WSD D]N LWNH WSG LZOJ ON O G[HQE G][NG HSLC ][N SHU RNH
RHZL] L FNH PSGLE SHU HC PL[DF LHFLH LFL OU GD RHLOU FTJQ CHGH >GKQOH GQNJ ]SLJDQ COC@
UYH EO QU HC[EO PL[QCQ XDHZD UUH E QU DJ [H LOU [WTD CDHQ JYSO PLON PSLCH PLCKHJG WSO
RLQCQ HSLC COC PL]QG ]LJ]D RLQCQ LW OU VC G[H]G RQ PL]QG ]LJ] RLC [QHCG
GODZG WU PL]QG ]LLJ]D GFHQG D]N FYZ OL[GQ ]HDH L[WFN G[H]G RQ ]CI H[F PLQNJG L[FQD
CDG POHUO ZOJ HO RLC
G[H]G RQ GSLC [QHC COC
GULFL P GO RLC [FG HC KWG LWO PC G[H]D [H GO RLC GULFLH GDJQ LN PUKGH
[H LOU GD RLC ]KOJHQ ]HCFH ODC []HLD GSHNSH GZHQU GDJQ OU ]TTD]QG GULFL ]CI CG]H
H RLKE ]UF VTHLD CDHQD GI RLSUD FHU GC[H FQZ QU DJD UH KL[ QU CJ
O OK LFL OU Z[ GCD PL]QG ]LJ] RLQCQ HSLC G[H]G ]DLTD G[H]G RQ [W LQ LH
[CHDQN PGD ZDFH HLTNSQ PLQNJ LFLQO]O GSGQ LU PC G[H]D [LLG ZHTLUG LFL OU PC G[H]
GO RLC ][JC GDLT L[G GLJ] HO RLC GLJ]G O G]DLTD RLQCQ HSLC LQH CLZ ]HDH]N C[QED
W ]HC C]]UQ D ]QFZG LWU
[ZLU ON PL]QG ]LLJ]D [WHN LQO GSQG ]SHHN ]HLC[ GQND JLNHGO ML[CG UD [CD [WTDH
LSC [QHC RN OU ZLTGH [WHN HSLC G[H]D GIHQ[ GSLC [QHC LWUC PL]QG ]LJ]D GFHQG ODC
RN [LW GUHK FLQO] GILC COC L[ HFZ GWQ HOC PL[DF HCYL CO
FLQO]Q ]HWTH] RG PLSHC[ [CD HC L[WD PLCYQSG PL[DF OU HD]N PL[WQG L[DFD PLD[ ]HCQEHF LSHLY GC[
DQ ]HQDL ]UF VTHLD
[QCQ ET[O ]HUFGH ]HSHQCG PL]QG ]LJ] [QCQ PDQ[G ]H[EC U
KNZ
[WHT ]HUK D HO] HC GUHK
GL]H[HZQ OUH GDJ[GD PL]QG ]LJ] RLSU OU
]UF VTHL
GOHFE L[FGST ][FTD TWFS OLSHO LQNJO GQ[G ]H[EC F CJ E PG [HC K CJ CD[G ]H LULD
]HFJ ]HCOWS UU MOLCH QU FJ HGLOCQ D]NQ [WTD GDJ[GD GC[ CDG POHUH PL]QG ]LJ] RLSU [HCDD FHU
HSLICG
L []HLD PL[HQJ PL[HTLC OU [DHUG PEG PLSHYLJG PL[WTD C[HZG VC [QHC CDLZU LD[
RLC MN ON [HQJ HSHU PLSHYLJG PL[WTD C[HZG UHFQH CDG POHUO ZOJ HO L FD ]H]LQ PGD
"CDG POHUO ZOJ HO
]HJNG ON HSQQ PLZOTQH H]HC PL[GKQH PLFZQ PFC O HDOD PLTSNSG G[H] L[DF PN COC
]HJNG ON HSQQ PLZOTQH PFCG ]C PLCQKQ PLLSHYLJG PL[WT PLZOCG GU GI ]QHUO GI MN ]HU[G
O H]YLJQQ L[QEO GJFS FU HDO OC TSNGO GHFZD [DF PHO PLJLSQ RLCH ]HDHKG ]HFQGH
[DFQD OCHQQ P LWU CDG POHUO ZOJ HO RLCH GDZG
CDG POHUO S PLJTWD H[QC GQ LW OU [WO L
HL]HL]HCD PG ]C GEHGG VC [QHC OHC CDC
LSWQ GIG POHUD RCN HL]HL]HCD PG ]C GEHGG GIH L[Z COH DL]N POUS CHG GIG POHUDN CO HD]NN C[ZS PG CGL
LFLO ULEL CO CDG POHUO ZOJ HO RLC GFQ FESN GFQ CDG POHUD CLG LWN G[H[DG G[NGG ]C G]U ELQ [HDT
QU PLKHZO POG OC[L DGHC UUH POHUO ]QCG ]EG LHOLE
G[LJD G FYQ HGI PL]QG ]LLJ]D ZOJ HO GLGL CO MNLWO PL]QG ]LLJ]D [WN CHG CS]
GOLO LTLT[ LWU PL]QG ]LLJ]D CHG [WHN PL]QG ]LJ]D ZOJ HO RLC LQ MWGO GULFL G FYQH
HO EJ [THQH GQNJ ]UF UUH JL
PSJD GOOZG G]LG GIG PLHTQG GUQD H[LW GCD CLG PSJ OU HOLWC PNJ ]OOZ DU
[JC FYQ GOOZO GZFYG L ODC
XWJ HSLC HDO ZQHUD PNJG PC PNJG ]HNID LHO] OOHZQG PHLZH GFQD MND GOOZG ]OHUW RWHCH
PLDJ]QH CLOE CLQ LWON H]UFQ GIO PNJG RLHN]G CO HOLWCH H]HNI FDCO GOG ONHL HD
QU FJ HGLOCQ D]NQ LWU HQYUO HOLWC ]HOES RSLC ]HLHQTG HL]HE[D
FHSO [HWYN [QCS [DN L[G LN
PNJD GLHO] PFC H]HC O HQHLZ ]HNIH GFQD Z[ ]OUHW GOOZG [CDO M[YHG GQ
XWJ HSLC L[GH PNJD H]HO] PHQ ]OUHW PNJG O PSJG ]OOZ [QHO HSJ[N OUH CD] CO PSJ ]OOZ RN VHUO [H[FN
HD
CLDSG [QC GQD OIOI OU PLQNJ RHOD ODHZQG HQLN [LJQ [U LZTU OU [UD LCQ
b [UD OZD PL[U
b
PL]CTH
JHSQ ]QNJ C[GQ RH[Q:
U[HYQ WT GQNJ MQ [WTD DH]N
[UD GFQ FESN GFQ GDZG O HL]HFQ ON RLSQ PL]QG ]LJ]D [WN CHG ZOJ Z[W L[
]LC[D GUQ PHL OND FJQ M[D]L C[HDG PLWHY[ PLTS GQG UDKGF [HCLDG [U LZTU OU
LCD ON RLC PN GLJ]G [QCQD RHCE GLFUT HSD[ [CLD [DNH GDZG O H[QCQD LHO] POHUG ONH
FLE ]OGZ [QC GIH DN[HQG FL[WGO Z[ H]HONO RLOHNL RLC RN FJC H]L CH[DO RLOHNL POHU
OZ
Y VF RL[FGST
[QC FHF RNH UH[EO RLC HSQQH VLTHGO RLC HLOU POHUO GLGL CHG PLZOCG GUL [C ON LN L]UFL
CHG GLJ]GH ]HFHTLO DN[HQG FH[LW CHG G]LQG RN PCH FQULH GHY CHG LGLH [QC CHG KEO PLOG]
ROGO H[QC HGIH GJH[T GWKQ PFCG ]CL[DQ COWGH TSG RKZH CHG [DN [C ]C ]HFHTLGQ XHDLZG
RLQCG CO LOD RNH OLE[ CO GIH ]HC[O RLUG OLE[ GI OU Z[ "RN ON CO LHGF LCQ CY
POHUD CHG [DN JQZGH ]OHTG XHDLZ Z[ GI RH[QH [UD [JQ JQZ PL]CT [QC CLDSO
GFQD GFQ [ZLU GIQ FQO MNLWO RLUO OLE[ HSLC GI Z[ GIQ PLQUW VOC []HL GKJG OHFE COWH
X[CG PU RGNO GQH[] PLS]HS RLC RLLSQ R]SHL LD[ [QC LSQJS [D OCHQ LD[ [QC
COC X[CG PUO PLS]HS RLC X[CG PUH PNJ FLQO] PHZQD GLG HOLWC C[QEG RLFQ ]HS]QG RLSUOH
PLS]HS PNY[CD L]UF LWO HEGS HLNU ODC UH[IG Z[W RLOHJD [NIHQN RLF ]HS]QG PNJO
KO[ GJ CD[G ]H MH]Q X[CG PUO PNJ FLQO] RLD OLFDGO PLSICQ VND RLJLEQ RLC ]HS]Q
]HS]QG RQ PL[HKW X[CO GYHJD [ZLUO PLKZHS LWO ]HQHZQ P]HCD X[CG PUO ]]O PLFLWZQ RLC MNO PUKG [WC
CD[G ]HD PE UH DE ]LDG ][H]DH P HLHFLJD HQYU CD[G [ZLUO KZS RNH L[DH HOZ RLOHJD U CUOLC [N
[DFD PLFLWZQ RLC MNO EGSQG FYQ COC RLFG RQ GSLC P]SL]S RHLNH HQ EJ
I DJ TLESUD [I[EG LHFJD U
X[CG PU RGNO ]HS]Q ]SL]S RLSU ]HOOND FHU
MLL CO G[H]G LN H[LW [DZD ]HDDHF HL]H]W GIG POHUD HQD GNOG G[QCS LQ ON
G[H]G LFL OU PLLJG OC HQQ GNOGG H[QC LQ [DJ]QH HLWQ GUHQ [DF PL[QHC [CNH G]LQ GD
RLC [DFD PLLJG OC [HDLJ HO L L[G [DZD ]HDDHF HL]W FU PLLJG HO CLDQ MNOH PLLJ CLG
G]LQ HD MLL
]HQHZQ GQND JNHQ HQNH L[DFG JN OU Z[ ]QG VHE RQ PL]WG PG ]HDDHF HL]W H[LW RLCH
EC[WQ O[GQO ]HFEC LHFLJ PLLZ [CS L[DFG WS MN PLLZ WSG HQNH WSG JN CHG L[DFG JN LN
HY ]HQDL
]HDDHF HL]H]W ]HLGOF H]QFZGD ]H[LCQ PLSW OUD [NISG D[G PU ]QCGF GC[S [DF O H[ZLUDH
]H[QCSG ]HNOGG ONH GSQ P]TQ GIO GLC[GH CLOE CLQ LQZF H[QHC P [HNIO ML[Y HSLC
J[NHQ [DFG ]HDDHF HL]H]W ]HLGOF C]LC PCH P[QHC P [LNIG LODQ P]TD ]H]LL[DDH ]HLSQD
HNH HL]H]W HLGL LFN H[QHC PD [DF H[QC CO HLFLQO]H HFZG HSLD[ LCQC P[QHC P H[LNIL
P[QHCGH ]HQHOU] HOES HLSWO PGG PLHFJGQ PLOUDG ]HQ H[LNIL CO PC VCF J[NHQ COC
LNGO HKQCH HODZS COF Z[ H[QHC P ][NIGD CO P]TD P[QCL PC HJ RLCH ]HDDHF HL]H]W
ON DH]NO PDQ[G ]UF GLG GIH H[QC PD [HNIO ML[Y RLC PLODZQ LCFHF ]H]LL[DH ]HLSQD
HL]H[ECD QUH P]T ]HNOG
PQD PGL[WT PLD]HN HLG CO PLSHC[G PLQNJ HSHO HIH IT LTD D]N PLFLTJ [WTD L]LC[ G]UH
PL[FQH ]H]LL[D C]OLNQ PLSGN ][H] [DLJ LQ RHEN PGL[WT OU PQ DH]NO PLJLSQ HLG COH
GI L][DJH L]D]N LSHOW [D LSHOW LSC PGL[WTD HD]N CO PL[WHT ]NTQ RHEN POHU LSHZ]H ]HFECH
LFN PQ [LNIGO HJ CO L[G CDG POHUD H[N PHEWLH GIG POHUGQ GSGL CO LFN [WTG
CO ]H[HND ]UF VTHL UUH HNI PL[WT ]N[UQ CFLJGO PLOHFEG P MH]Q PGL[DF OU PQ [NILL
COZ
]UF VTHL
GIG PUG PZH CQOLFH HO H[QC PZH ML]DC PU DN MSG GQ OC G [QCLH DL]NF G[H]G RQ
MC IKCO PL[DF UDC[ D]N HQNH L[JC GSIH GIG PUG OLJ]QG KWQO PHZQ RLC COG KWG ]SLJDQ GSIH
MSG HLSWO ]HD]G PU C[ZSH TJLL]Q PZH ]WTHS GCL[Z ]H[WCD H[WO R]LSH ]HLG CHG [FG M[FQ GC[S
PZH PLLQUW DH]N HOLCN HL[JCO ]HD]G PU ZDF H]HLG PU RN C[ZS HGL[G PZH DNH
RG ]HC[ZQG ]H[FD RG L]UQ HI PL] PLZOC [DF ]JC GL[JCOH GLSWO ]QQ ]JC GDL] ]HQHZQ GQND HSLYQ RNH
]HCQEHF LSHLY GQN GSG PL[WQG L[DFD VCH OIJ RHOD RG PKWD
RLF [IE M]JS JS OU VC JZ ROGO U HI G[HY OU ]HTTHDQG ]H[F
[QCO L[DH F CQHL UH FHUH CT QDDH CS OLUO GID CYHLNH RJ CYQ JSH
JSH P]LU LN L]QJS DH]N HOLCN [F
GDH]N C ]HCG HOLCN [F [HQC CO
C[GQ U PLLQUW
GQND C[IU RDCO CYQS RN [HJCH PLSW ]QQG G[H]D GOQ KW LW OU PL[WQ C[ZQG LS[W OYC CYQS RNH
JLJL C[ZLH GODZGH D]NG UUH ]HQHZQ
GI UDKQD HQLG CYQS PLQNJ RHOD RNH
RHOG H[YZH CDGH CY [QHC [QHC L[ DH]N HOLCN
PLSKZHPLFDUH PLFDUHPLS HQN
OU@ RCN [HQCG CHG CHG FJC OLC HQN
MO CDGH CY [QHC GFHGL LD[ PLJTWF FW[
PLSKZH PLFDUH PLS ][HDJ RLHU RLCH IJ PLJTW GSQ
PLFHZWG QHJD [HQCG CHG RCN [HQCG CHG FJC OLC [QHC LD[ E CQHL
> FJCH RCN [HQCG FJC PG PLOLC LS MHQTD OZQG
RLOHJ ONG ONG L[DF DH]N HOLCN
RLC PLSHHLO PLSHHLO ]LSHHL HQN
RLOHJ ONG L[DF FJC TLND ODC L GYLD
CO UHNO RLC PLSHHLO ]LSHHL LS]Z CGH JL GOLEQ
GF]D U RCNOH RCNO GOHU RL]LS]QF RL[HTCG ]LD GI LWO RL[HTCG ]LDOH GUQ GLG RL[HTCG ]LDD GZ ]HQDL
CDH
UH HSLSWO GT[EG RN GZQ [NG PHQ RGD RLC RLWKSQ WUC ]HLSDFDFGH IUD GSQG RHO [WO GC[S RNH
PLSHC[ U RLL PGLOU HWOLI CQ PLHJ RLC HSULQGO [HJCOH PLSWO PL[IHJ RLWKSQ WUC PLOQG PLSHC[D
COC RHOG RZ]Q HSLC GC[S
PL[LNQ PSLC [QHO RNH
PHQ ]OUD ]CYQSH GFDC HC GFDCH G]S G[DU LS]Z LNG CD[ [QC COC DN G[HQ]
RHOG [HYLZO ]JC PUW GFDCH D]NH PHQ ]OUD ]CYQSH GFDCH GFDCH G]S G[DUH GSQD DH]N HOLCN [WQ
GC[S OLWG OU H]L ]QLC L[C OU ULEWQ ]QLC [HDE OU OJ ]QLC RG ]HQLC G QJ [] IU ]DD [WO L RNH
PK[WQH MOHG G]UH [HDE OU OJ ]QLC RGH RG ]HQLC QJ DH]N HOLCN
FL ]HN[D C[GQ ]HFEC LHFJD U
RLOHJ UH RSJHL LD[ [QC [QC COHU H[QC HOLCN
DLYLH ]QC GOLW]D HSLYQ RNH
FNH RSJHL LD[ [QC COHU ]JHH[G RHOG [HYLZ ]DLT HI GC[SH
HLDC PHQ [QHC L[D OUQL LD[ OCUQL LD[ LDF CS] DH]N HOLCN
DUT CO CQHL L[U
HLDC PHQ [QHC L[D L[DF CLS] IOZ
[QHC DZUL LD[ LDF CS] ]NTQG VHTD P RNH
CDG KWQGH [DU KWQG M[HYO ]JC GOQD PLQUWO Q]G GC[S OI L[ L[DFD RNH
[QCZ C[ZLUQF C[ZLUQF XH[L]G HQN
]HQHZQG LSD GLEG JDGH CU[ IT PH
[QCZ C[ZLUQF XH[L]G RLUQ GI RLCH FJ GF ES CQHL TH]D PE U
CS OLUO CDHQDH RCN O[GQ ]HFEC LHFJD UUH
ZLFY L[W [WTD RLSUG OND U
LQS [Q]LC ]HLGO FL]U GQ UFHLF HNLLFLD CEOW CGLQ HKHZS
L ]H MOLH
DOZ
Y VF RL[FGST
PN][H] P]WLLI RGO L][QC G[H]G RQ PL]QG ]LJ] RLC RL[QHC HLG PL]HN L[WT L]WLLI GI [DFD
PQLC]GO LFN PLDH]NG ]C HSLH PGL[WTD HWLLI PL]HNG H[LW PHON PNFLD P]LOUG COH
OC[L X[CD HDL]S LWO GFL]UG GLJ]D [HWNO LFN OLUOFN PNO O HGHSL PGO RHEN P]WZGO
POHUD GIG DH]NG ]C PLLZO LFN CDG POHU HLJNG MNOH POHUO PGLFLQ X[CG CY] CO H[DTH
PN]SDG LWO L[GH JNHQ CHG [JC DH]NQ L[G PNLWHLI PNO HOLUHG CO PGO [QC HGIH GIG
VCL[H C[GQ LWU PLWLHIQ RLLFU G]U PNL[WT ]LUKHQG
]HFEC LHFJD C[GQ U KU EJ OLUHGO FQOQ OYI RQWHG LDY FHF LD[ EOWHQG PNJG O HL[DF HOCH
G[H]G HWLLI PL]HNG UHFL GSG PL]HN L[WT HFLO HCD CO VC ]QCG RQ ]YZ H]QNJD [UL
PGO GZ GLGH PL]QG ]LJ]D H[WN PG [CDH GLHFDG P]SHQC ZIJO HC DLLO LFN GD[G ]HQHZQD
RG HOCH ]HC[ZQ D R]HC RLWLLIQH PLGLEQ HLG DHL PGO GLG COH P]UFO PLFES]Q ]HC[ZQ L]Q
RGL[WTD L]LC[ GQ LW OU HWLLI ]HC[ZQG
]LJ]O GLC[ RCNQ GSGH PGL[JC PU[IOH PGO ]]O DZULH ZJYL PG[DCO PNL]HDCO JLC PL[DFD C
P G O ]]O G[H] G[QC NWUCH PGL[HEQ X[C GLGF RLLFU X[CG GS]LS CO ]HDCO L[GF PL]QG
UHQ PC GLGH F C[ZD CQODH PL]QG ]LJ] [JC X[CG ]C H[LL ]HDCGF NU COC PU[IOH
RN OUH OON DHLL PL]HNO GLG COH LCZ ]HDCC PGO MJ[N OU PU[IOH PGO DL]NF RCN ODC
PGL[JC PU[IO ]]O HD]NH PU[IOH O HGH PGO ]OQ HZJQH PGL[WTD HWLLI
HD]NH HWLLIH HZJQ P PE PU[IOH PGO ]]O PNL]HDCO G UDS [C KCL PL[DFD CHG D C[ZQ
PU[IO ]]O
PGL[WT GLC[ PGO L]CDG H[LW PL]HN L[WT L]WLLI GI [DFD L[D [IULOC LD[ [QC GIH
PHON PFLD P]LOUG COH PL]QG ]LJ]O ]HLC[G ZHJQO LFN PN][H] P]WLLI RGO L][QC RLWLLHIQ
GSHU ][N] ][NGQ PL]QG ]LJ]O ][JC GLC[ CLDGO HSO L L[G PHON PNO OLHUG CO [QHON
UH X[CG ]C H[LLH HLJL ]HDCG LCFHD G[H]G RQ PL]QG ]LJ] JNHQ MN RLDH MN RLD RHLNH GD
GI RLSUD FHU
PLFED PG PGLFED ODC PGQU H[DZS HOC PG PGLFED LN [QHO GUK] OCH RLFQHU RGLHDOD
LFLD HDOQ GO L GKJ HQN Z[ PFCG GUQ HDOQ HSLC HFQUL HDOQG LN PGO PLHC[G
PLQ LFLD PLHDOQ PG HD HFQUL LPHDOQG MN PLQ
]HLQEG ZOHTL [CN LSJH[ CHDO FL]UO HDOQG GLGL HH[LW QQ HUQQN HH[LW PC VCH
MO LH HQU GOHU CHG HQU [DZS HDO H[QC MNOH HDOQG RQ RN PE ]HLQEG ZOHTL FL]UO
CO PLSDO PLFEDD LSH[DZ] OC FLZ ]DD HLSD ]C LCSL GHLY GQO H[HCDD U O[GQ ]HFEC LHFJ GI RLDGO
GNIC CO
QU FJ HGLOCQ D]NQ UUH
PSHONH PD]NN
X[C H[LL POHUO PLZLFY PON MQUH [QCS CDG POHUO ZOJ PGO L OC[L ON
I RN PEH CDG POHUO ZOJ PGO RLC PLLK[W PLSC I GSQ ZOJ Z[W RL]LS]QF CS]
EOZ
]UF VTHL
[DFH CDG POHUO ZOJ PGO RLC P[HDUD ]H[LDUH PLSLSU I RN PEH POHUD HLG ]HLK[W ]HLTSN
PE PLSHHNQH GI OHQ GI PSLSUD PLOLDZQ POHN ODC RQFIGG FY OU PGL[DF HLG CO LN [CHDQ
HOLCH POHUG ON RLSD PGH HOKSH PLUH[G I HNI RLSDG LQL ID HQ GHFZF ]HFQ I FES RN
GIH GD PEW GFLQD FJC ON ]H[HFG ON LU[ HOONS PGDH POHUG RQ RFDC
MWLGD PG
]FU RLSUQ [HDLFG GLGL RCNH HQHZQD M[HCD POHN [HCLD HSLOYC [CD]QH FCQ [H[D [DF
PLLSHYLJ PL[WTD C[HZGH ]HKHLFGD PUOD PFESNH ]HLTSNG [FTD PLLULD[G PG PLOE[Q
HQYU CHG X[CG ]HOE P[HE GI ]L G[H]G R]HS ]ULFL COD GQNJ M[FD G[H] HFQO PGH
H[LL POHUOF C[ZQ DGHUO ZOJ PGO L OC[L ONF RL]LS]QD CS] VLOLFN CDG POHU [FUG
X[CG ]H[L HQYU CHGH IL ]HN[DD QN GSLNG HLIQ RLSGS CDG POHUG RLSU HGI X[C
]]S [C R]HSG ][NG CHG X[CG ]HFZ [ZLU ON PL[HNLD PUKD [JC PHZQD HS[QC HQN
GQHF OC[L X[CD [FG CLZ ]HDH]N H[QC HQNH PS]HSD GL[WH X[CG ]HDHK ZDFQ G LO
ULEQH X[COXHJ X[CQ GHU IC X[CG R]HSQ X[CG FL[WQ [CN ODC GHOC HO L LQN
CDG POHUG [FUGH X[CG ]HOE
K DZU ZLFY L[W [WTD UUH QU RGNG Y[O PL[QCQ LKHZLO MH]Q
ZOJ Z[WO H]QFZGD OI PDQ[G L[DFQ OIJ ]HFEC FHQLOD LFHTL RLSU RCN ZL]UGO LHC[
]H]N OO PFC LSD PGD HZOJS PHOG PGLOU PLQNJ L[DF ]UFO ML[Y G]C GQQH
PGLOU L]UQ [CH PGL[HDJ L]LC[ [CH PGQU L]EWS [C DH[G PGH GSHC[G ]NG
]HCLYQG LDLLHJQ ]HUSQSG ON POYC HUSH OON P]HC PL[LDTQ PSLCH PKWN P]HC PLSLDQ
FU ]HQOG RQ PGD RLCH PLUFQG RQ PZHJL[H ]HQNJD P]HONT ]QJQ COC RN HU COH
OND PLQNJ ]SHHN LRC PG PLDHJ RNOH P[[HUL LQ HCYQ COH PQYUQ MN OU H[[HU]L
]YZQ LKWD L LW OU VCH PKHWN PGH PGQ PG HSLDG GQ COC PLQNHJQG PGL[QCQ
PLQGFS HLG PGLFLJLO RN ON PUG RHQGO HKWN HS[WT] PC LFN FU ]H[IG RQ PGL[DF
PLSHNS PL[DF PG DHJH HOC PL[DF GQFQ PFC POHUD CGL [WC MCLG PL[QHCH MND
HLSLUD RJ HCYQL RN ONH
COC PSLCH P]DJQ LWO PLQNJG ]C HQQH[ PG LWO P]HONT OU ]HSQJ[ GSNTQG HIG ]NG
G[H]G [FG PLFDCQ HIG ]NG LN G LJH MND PLLE[Q PSLCH ]HOWG ]LON]D P]HC PLOLWQ
[C H][H] H]QNJ OU [QC G LWO GD RHHNQG MWGD PG ][H] PLHUH G[GI PLNLJQH
LKWQ RL[HF HIG ]NGH GIG OHFEG LHEG RHDSH PNJ PU Z[ H[QCH GOCG PLZJG ON ]C RHUQL
GD[GH GIG RKZG LHEG ODSH ONT PU Z[ H[QCL PLQUG PHUQL PC [C PL[DF PLQNJ L[DF
PSLC RHLN HZ]H R]L LQH PQYU PG PLSLDQ PSLC GQ PUO PLSLDQG RLS[FG RN RLHU
HSC RLC [QHO PGO GLG HC GEL DHLC LWU GQNJO PGO LG]H RHL[J] [JG R]L LQ PLSLDQ
]C PLFLQUQH HSLDG PLDHJ COC HH[LW MCLG COH HOC PL[DFD PLQNJ HY[ GQ PLUFHL
]H[FD RHQGG LSWD RL[HFH PLQNJ H[QC GQ CO PQYU PG HSLDG GQ PUO RLDGO PQYU
GOQD GOQ PKHWN P]OHIH ZOJ Z[WH ]HN[D
HDJH HKWN HGHSLDGH HGHUQ HC PLQNJ L[DF HC[ P]HC PGH PLD[ PG PE GLSG ]NGH
FOZ
CY VF RL[FGST
GQ [IHQO HDJH HGHSEH HD HOIOI RNOH PL[DFG LKW ]HUQQ COC MND PLQNJ ]SHN RLC
LNI []HLH PGQ PLSHDS []HL PG PLDHJH ]HDH[Z PL]UO PLQNJ L[DF OU HELUOLH [IHQ HSLC
[DF PH PLELQ PSLCH ]HCLYQG OND PLONT ]UF L[TJ PLL]W PHOG PGLOU PGH RHLU[
OON
PG LWO ]HOIQG LKWQD PLIHGGH PLCWH[ PG PLSUHKG P]HC HI GDJQD OWS LQ DH[H
PLWHTHOLWG OYC ]HHSCG RQ PG PLZHJ[ GQNH PLWHTHOLW PLQNJ PLJZW PSHLQF LWO
LWON HY[W]G G[H[C ]N PGH PLL]W []HLH GSHC[G ]NG RQ PLONT []HL PGH PLL]QCG
FU PLUFQD PQYU ]C H[LNG HOLCH PLQNJG OYC P]QNJ GUFHS [DN GOUQG LQ[ PLSC
PLQNJOH RHQGO PLUFQG RQ PGD CYHLNH PLLGOCG PLSLSUD PL[DFG ]C PLD]HN MLC HUFL
HCO HC PLQNJ PLQNJG PC PLSLDQ HLG IC LN CLWHTHOLWG O LUQG ZOJG ]C PQYUO HOETLH
PGL[DF LSLSU PGO PLSDHQ HLGH
OU [QHO [WC HQN ]N PGO CH[ZO [WC FU FCQ PLKUQ G LJ PGH ]LLOG ]NGH
OOND CYQS GQD P]SHD] DHKH PLQNJG ]OHFE POYC G[[D]S PLSCG PGH RLQ QG
GQND PL[IHWQH PLKUQ PG LW OU VCH FCQ PLL]QC PLSLSU OU PLC[QG PL[DF PGL[DF
]ULSQ POYC [[D]S PEH ]QCG ]C P]EGH P]HQO OU PLC[Q PG L[G PGL[HDJD ]HQHZQ
[[D]SH LCDG L[DF L[DF CO PHOG PGLOU PG HUFLH ]HCLYQG DLLHJQ ]HCLYQH ]HUSQSG
PGL[DF RLC PLL[WC L]OD PG PL[DFQ H[QC GQ ONH FHTH KW PGL[DFD L POYC
OHFE H[WT J]W MNOH PLOHFEG PLQNJG M[F CHG MNH OQGH GFLJG M[F OU COC MND
P]FLJH PLQNJ L[DF GYLOQH OQ RLDGO [QCH PLQNJG
GIG RLSUG RQ [DF PHD L[DFD RLLU] OC ]HSHC[G ]H]NG L]Q ]JCQ C[HZG G]C PCH
LOZ RHIQG LSLQ HQLC]L MLC LN HGCS]H MO ZLIL COC FHU COH GQHCQ HSQQ MO PLC]L CO LN
HGLZLIL Z[ COG PLFDNGH PLU[G RHIQG LSLQO OE[HG [DN PFCO ]HNLCG LUYHQQ ]HQNG
CHG GQ RQG OU PLEFGH PLQHGH PLOYDG ]OLNCD HOE[HG P]HC [DF GCH[ MSG PCSLH
OZOZG
b
PJOD GYZ HSWSH
HZLJ[Q ONG GQQ PGL[DFQ [DF MO RQFIL RQI ON ]LLOG ]NG LSCQ G]C PCH
ECHF H]SDGD GDJQG XHQCH DOG ]F[KD [C]H OQH GFLJ CHG UF]H HOYC DNU]]
f b DH]NH XWJ L[DF CHYQO [QC HQN ZFYG RHLU[H ]QCG M[F CHYQO
RSHD]G ]QC L[DF [:L
GOU]L G GY[L PC ]OUH] EL] L[DFD
CY VF
PLSHLYH KWD ]H[UG
GQNJ MQ [WTQ Y OLUO CDHQD U
RN ON CO LLJ LHGF LLJ HHG COF
DHLG [ZLU GLG P LN PLOH[LH GFHGL KZS [WC PLOH[LQH GFHGLQ LCSTHQLF HOLKS]LC
PLQJ[ CTN GWHZ] G]HCD
GOZ