FU HO ]DGQ [LNGO PFCG ONHL L[G CDG POHU RLUQ CLG ]D PC GC[HS GSJDG RCN L
PHLD ]CI GZHQU GJHSQD GE[G HILC PUW HD ][[HU]Q PC CDG POHUO ]HNLL HO L GQN
O ]DG LN HFZG [GHID DH]N MNH CDG POHUO ]HNLL HO L LN HO L[C FZ ]D
FW QU DJ [H LOU HO CDG POHUG OU GSLJDG CLG PFCG
]D O PLFED HOC [IUOC LD[ [QC ML]OQ ]QH ]YJ[H
GLOC PLFJHLQ UQQF ML]HOQ C[ZS GLGL PFCG PYUO ]HNLL PGO RLC PLFEDG
PLFED DOL CHGH [JC PDOO ONHL [JQH PFC PU PLFEDO L FHJL GQH FHJLD GO PGH
PGO L LCFH HD[ZD ]DF GHFZG FHDNO DHO GQ CHG ]D LFED ODC PL[JC
PFC OND GQHF RLC RN PE LCFHF HD GUHDZG ]DG ]HFZ LWNH FHJLD DHOG PFCGO ]HNLL
CDG POHU RLUQ ]DD RN HFHDN LWO [HFQH HQYU LSWD POHU L FJC ONOF CDG POHUD HQNH
HQNH H]QS [HO LHC[G LWN HQYU LSWD FJC OND CHG OC[L LSD DOD UDZS GHFZG
POHUF PLHDOG RLUQ RG GHFZ G]HC FHDNO DHO PLHDOG RN CDG POHU RLUQ GHFZG
FJC ONO RN PE PGO GHU ]HYQH G[H]Q PLUSG ]HQSO PLHDO L IC PE UHFL CDG
[WC RN PE LCFH P]HLQE FYQ VC ]DF PLHDOG MNH HD ZOJ [IO RLCH CHG GQ LWN
LFL OU FDNQ CHG GQ PGD L GHFZG FYQ QQ PL[JC DOL CHGH [JC PDOL [JQO
FHJLD HO Z[ PLNLL PG GI FYQ ]DG GI
CDG POHU LHDO RLUQ CHG LWO ]DD RDO LFED HDOO HD]N RN LSWQ GC[SG LWNH
FQ JTWG EJO EJ ZLFY L[W UUH M[HCD UU G RGNG Y[O ]DG ]HFZ MH]Q
FLZ VF
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DEL [HC LFHQU ]HD UYH IK DJ PL[LQ DDHF D VSU VHT
LD[ GFHGL LD[ LZOKLCG [TLCN FU [QHC ED[ XYHJ
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RQZOFN HNWHG HSLCH HZHOJ OU FLWZQ PNJ FLQO] ODC XYHJ HSLC MNO LSG FYO HDHOH HNWHG
ODC LSHYLJG FYD P]ND [DHFQ LCFH GI H[LWOH I ]HCHZQ C]WTH]G OU FHF LFTJ LWU XYHJ FJC FYD HOLWC
XYHJ HSLC LQLSWD
POHU O HSLSD [LW C[GQ RGLQL ON POHU O HSLSDD RLZTHU PLQNJ LFLQO] HOC
POHUG ]CL[DD GDZG O H]HSQHC LON G]LG CLG G[H]G
FJQ MNDH KQ [DD H[QC HQN GOUQ O RLF ]LDD GNOG PHL OND FJQ GDZG GLG G[H] R]Q PFHZ
HQ
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OC[L LQNJH OC[L ]HWSO ]HNOGG HFLJ [TQS G[H] R]Q [JCO ]LC[D GUQ FLQ] PHL OND
FJ PUK PHUKO P]HWSD [C G[H] L[DFD ]HFJ]GG LFL OU ]LC[D GUQ PHL OND PLSHDG PG
IO LL ]LD ]H[FD UUH E CYLH ZLFY L[W LWU PHL PHL OND
GHFZG G[H]G ]HQH CKJ U[ L GIG POHUD FJ POHU RLSDD PLZTHU PLQNJ LFLQO] VTHS H[LW
HSQQ [T [CH GOC GO HD RLC FJ POHU ]HSDO CHG GSLSU ONH HI ]HCLYQ PU GQLOQ GSLC
COZ QU DJ [H LOU MH]Q GIG POHUD G[HG PLSW[]TGG
HZOJS HNWHGO HZHOJ OU FLWZQG GI RLUG ]HULDKD GFLDC HO RL[LIJQ PNJ FLQO] HGILC
QD TH]D P] HSD[ ]UFO GFLDC ]DG RLSUD X[CG PUO PNJ FLQO] RLD ZHOLJG [DTGD PLSHC[G
RLC RLKED RDQ[G [DTGN L[ ]UFOH HSLOU H]HSQCSH PFCG ]HSLQC ]FLQQ UDHS ZHOLJG IN RLKEDH KL
QD ZQKLD PE UH X[CG PUQ []HL HLYWJD RLUG ]HULDK L PNJ FLQO]O COC ]HSQCS ]OC RCN
NNH PDQ[GQ CLDG RNH MN OU ZOJ RLKED HQYU RDQ[GH U PLSHC[G PD QU ZFY [DHF [WTD KZS RNH IN
HY RLOHJD
PU COC QQ [Z ][LQCH GDLSE J PHQ RHFLSG RLC GSHC[G GUFG LWO PE PLSH[JC H[CDH
HDLO ]LLKS OU MHQTL [WC HO ]NLL GFLDCG RLC CQ HGON ZWT HOYC [[HU]L PC X[CG
DKLG HL[DFD ZLLFQ PNJ FLQO] ODC HDOD ZHWZWO TJLL]L COH HO CLG ]HCFHD [QHO HSHLQFH
KL CULYQ CDD DZULO ]QC LWU ZWHTQ HC LCFH CHG PC
VL P[GQH ZHOJG ]NLWG RLSUD GFLDC ]DGO PNJ FLQO] O H[FE C[QED HO] GQD GI LWO RDHQH
RG HHDOD ZHFZF RG GFLDC ]DG RLSUO J] ][FEQG CLG WSD ZHFZFG ]SHN] LN MN OU GZG
KL QD ]UF VTHLD CDHQD FHU GC[H [H [HND EQ[ DJ XD] UUH H[HDLFDH H]DJQD
DT[ QHJ GL[F LWU ZHOJ ]FLDCD COC GFLDC OND RCN [DHFQ RLC GI RLF HKLQG PLSHC[G ]UFD D]N LQ L
L [QHCH PHZQ OND GNOG [DF H]HC RLOCH GI [HDLYG OU TS[W H]HC RLSQQ J] HGILC
PHZQD [QHON HGON PHZQD PHZQ PHOND HQN P H Z Q O N D >L[WN COF@ H[W PLSHC[GQ
PLYH[ PLQNJ LFLQO] ON GD PLZTU]Q ]NTQ G O N ] N T Q D H O L W C H FHQO]G RQ FJC
U PLSLSU ]YZ PGD PLUFHL PUG DH[ PL[DF EJGH JTWG ]HNOGD [FCDH OHOCD GOND H[FO
KQ RLHFZDH RCN PLSHC[D
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[U GUD[CO [HC HQN ]LQ[C RHO OU PLTTHDQG GSQD PLULWHQG PLL[DU ]HQ ]HQHZQ GQND GID CYHLN HSLYQH L[
DO ]HN[D ]UF VTHLD RLHYQD U FHUH ]LQ[CD C[NHF Q JHZOG PLOLC PL[NI C][HC RHOQ
PL[HJ PLOND COH PLSDO PLOND CO LSH[DZ] OC LSD HLSDO LCSL LD[ HGO [QCGH
LCSL LD[H PLSDOD [ZLUF PLZTHW DH[ MC LZQHT PG RLNL[N] ]HUO HEGS RCNQ OET L[GQ [QC
UUH HK ]HJQ ]HNOG OL[GQ [WT MH]Q HQYUD EGS ]HFLTJ EGSQ
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PL[YQD PHFZ EGSQ EY[] DJ IDF[ ]H LWU GFU[D HOLEH P OUH JGFH DZUL ]LD [HFLT LWU GDH]
PHLO C[Z ML[KYLC LNH DHK PHLD RLDL[Z ]HDFSH PL[FS OCUQL LD[ L[DFO [QHO CYQ]N
PGD LH OLCHG PLQO COC DHK PHLD PLD[Z RLC COG [ELC CDLZU LD[ RHCEG GZG PL[HWLNG
TH]G L[DFN HI GUFO GOLNC M[HY ]DJS PLQOG ]KLJ PE LN PG WS ONHC OONDH KHLFG ]OLNC
M[HY RLC UHFQH GHDEO HOHN GOHU RD[Z O PLDOJ ][KZGO GI RLSU GQ ODC HQ PLJTWDH FN OLUO
DHK PHLD HD[ZLL ]D LDOJ [L]GO FJHLQ FHQLOD
]HDFSH PL[FS O PL[HQLCG ][KZG MC GOLNC M[HY RSG RD[ZG ]HFHDU []LH GKLJG PSQC GC[SH
RD[Z GI GUS DHH DHK PHLD RDL[ZGO []HG PHQ Z[ G[]HG UHFQH OON KHLFG M[HY GSLC COG
PHLD ]HDFSH PL[FS PL[LKZQ HSLYQ RHLNH PGL[HQLC ]C PL[LKZQ EJG ]HSD[Z [CN DHK PHL
LCFH PHLG ]DHJ RSLCH ]HOHU RG LWUC ]D ]HSD[Z L[HQLC RLFG CHG PHLG ]DHJ PSLC PEG DHK
PSQC@ PLONCS PSLC HC PLONCSG ]HSD[Z RLD ZHOLJ RLC PL[HQLC ][KZG LWON LN P][KZG G[]HG
RD[Z ]LUS CO GDL[ZGO GLG [HTC [JCQ LN G[LKZGO [HTC RLFN CO DHK PHLD GOHU KJ PC
IC RLFLQ] GC]LO] L[IU LDC LWU >R][KZG G[]HG []GD HKJS ]HSD[Z ODC DHK PHL
RHLN OY WS ONHCO M[HY GHGQ P][KZG CYQS RD[ZG ]OLNC ]C PG PLDNUQ PLQLLZ PL[HQLCGN LW OU VC
RHLN KS PLJTW U HW[S HC HCQKS LQN LHG KHL GJHF G[KZGG RLC RLFG GLG HOLC NC ]DNUQ G[KZGG RLC HGLLS]LODF
GOLNCG ]DNUQ G[KZGG GOLJ]NOH [LKZGO GHYQ RHLN COG UY RLLFU MC GOLNCO ]N[YS G[KZGG RLC DHH [WC COF
[LKZL CO UFHL RWHCD DL[ZGO GOLJ]NO [L]GO CC L[GH GOLNC M[HYD OHON ONG NC
]OHU COH@ H]DD ]D ]OHU OOND LCFH KHLD PLD[Z RLC SHS CDLZU LD[O [JC RWHCD CZU[ ]LHZ X[]O L CQH
G[KZGG OOED CHG GKLJ [HTLC ON CQH@ P[LKZGOH PKJO [HTC PHL H]HC O ]HSD[Z HOLWC L[G KHL PE >]DD OHJ
COLQQH KHLD OHJ ]OHU [HTCO C[Z CNLOH ]DD COC KHLD [DFQ DH]NG J[NG RLC OCUQL LD[O ODC >GHDE M[HY CLG
CHG WNGHL OD [L]GO C[Z ML[KYC LNH COH GF KS PLJTWD TH]G HD]N HQNH []HQ
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N GYLD ]UF VTHLD CDHQD UUH FZT DI VFO KNZ JHC LC RHIJ RCN ]QC ]W
KW DHK PHLD C[LQO C[Z ML[KYLC LNH KHLD RLD[Z RLC ]HDFSH PL[FS CDLZU LD[ L[DFO
DH]NG RQ FHQLO ML[Y RNOH GI CHG G[H] RLF DHK PHLD PLD[Z SHS RLC [QHCG ]UFO G[HQ CLEHTG
]UF RN RLC ODC PLSHC[ FHUH DL N GYLDD TH]G ]UF CLG RNH KHLD ]D LDOJ ]D[ZG [L]GO
P CDHQD UU KL P L[LCQG
GSLC G[UDG PHQ PC@ OON DHK PHLD G[UDG [HTLC RLC G[H]GQ LQOH[LG L[DF LWU PL[DHT L
G[UDG GCYL CO DHK PHLD MNOG ]DD HCOO GQYU LSWD GCYL G[UDG L[G GNCOQ ON D GOHON
C[H EN GYLD TH]U DHK PHLD COH ]DG PHLD H[UD] COQ KHULQ PHQ PC G[HTLCO [HZQ RLC
CDLZU LD[O RLD G[H]GQ G[HTC DHK PHLD G[UDG HS]LEHTQ GC[S G[HCNOH > G PLJTW TH] DN RQLT P
PL[FS PHQ CO PC@ DHK PHLD PLD[Z ]D LDOJ FJHLQ FHQLO ML[Y MNO OCUQL LD[O RLD
>DHK PHLD PLD[Z ]HDFSH
JQ
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L[G G[KZGG OU DLLJ GLG ODQ ]NCOQ PHQ Z[H [HKW G[UDG FYQ RNC [QHOH ]HJFO LH
[CHDQ L[G LN CO CLG GWHEO GNL[Y GSLC GNCOQ [QC] PCH GOYS CHG [DG V[S PFHZ
JL[ PHQ PGD RLC POUGH JDIQO XHJ PCOY PL[DC MN PHQH JL[ PO JDIS JDIG HQ PLJDID
ODQ PHQ GD L MNOG ]N[YS G[KZGD GLOYG ]OHUW L[G JL[ PLOUQ PSLC [DN JHJLS
JL GYLD DZUL ]HOGZ LWU
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PHLO ]D LCYHQD UHZ]O L RN PC [L]GO LFN PLUZH] ML[DFN PC C[QEG MN OU GZQH Z[L
GNCOQQ L[WGO LFN ]D D[UD PC LN GULZ]G GSZ]LS CO GSLQ UQ COC GKLJ [L]GO DHK
[L]GO COH
RLC [QHO GSHHNG UQQ L[Q RLUZH] COH RLOLFDQ ]D LCYHQ ]HLGO OJ DHK PHL
PHLG LSWQ CHG PUKGH@ DHK PHL ]TLSN OND PLUZH] PN ]D LCYHQD DHK PHL ]TLSND PLUZH]
]D D[UD HQN PLUZH] HLG DHK PHL D[U OND HN RLOHJD L[ D]N RNH >TSNSG PHLGQ [HQJ CYHLG
RHCE LCG D[Q J[ CLDG RNH PGL[DF MH]D UZ]LO GFD TH]G HD]N RNH
P D]N GD[FC DHK PHL D[UD PLUZH] TD PHZQ PHD CYQ CO [LUG P [G POHCH
UU ]QC]WG [LUG RNH JTW D[UD PLUZH] HLG CO FS GNHTQ JLNHGO
PLDNHNG ]CY [JC PLUZH] HLG ]D LCYHQ OND GWT ]D PDQ[G D]N GQ LW OU [WO D]NH
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HI
>]D LCYHQD GULZ] RLSUD PDQ[G L[DF OU PLZOHJ RCN CD[GH RDQ[G@
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LFL OU GOLNCO PLLHC[ RHENH QQ ]OHTW GI RLC LWO PL[QHC LH PLWHUQG ][TGD C]L[HCF [[HD [HTLC RLC UHFQ HSFH
IN LTHT JHC CJ RHLYO [HC L EJ PL[LQ DDHF ]H RCN PL[HDEG LKO EC [HU ]]LD GSQ FLEQ U ZJFG
PSHONH PD]NN
HFED OU DD[ CYQS J] ON ZHO PLCOHKQG PLOUSQD CYL PNJ FLQO]O CHG LCSE
RGD CYHLNH ]LSHSQ HC P]N HFEDD CYQL HO [HTCH LZSH GCS HDOQ PNJ FLQO] HDOQ
PLLSU HDOQ COH RGD RLON]TQ ONG RQE[CH DGI LFED RHEN PLNOQ HDOQ CO DOL COH
LFED HQN HLFQ ]J]Q GC[S H[D CGL COH PLCS PLSHSLD PLFED COC HLDHO ]C GIDQ CHG
JH[G LTE LFED HQN X[CG OU RLDHJT HLFED HLGL COH PL[YQD PLHU []HLD PLOZG R]WG
JH[G ]HTEN GC[S LSWQ H]LOK OOL COH HL]HUDYC LC[ FU HO FL ]LDH HDZU FU COC
]HQLD LCOK LDE OU LCOK PLCOHKQ PLOUSQ OUSL COH VLOJGO HO RLC PC FDOD ]DD COC
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HN[ QU DJ [H LOU FHU GC[H KG ]HUF ]HNOGD PDQ[G RHO
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COYDH LCOK LDE OU LCOK PLCOHKQG PLOUSQD ]CYO HO [HTC HSQQ ]H]LJW ON [FUGDH
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PFC LSD LSLUD GN[U KUQ]]H OOJ]] G[H]O P[HE CHG L[G GSHEQ [DF PH HD CYQS ONH
GHUH DOJO OCHQ CHG DD[H G]LQ DLLJ HFEDD DD[ CYQS PNJ FLQO] ON H[QC CHGH
RHOQ U[I ]DN O HC PF O P]N CHGH FD[ PL[QHC LH HOCO PLQHFG RLSLQ [CH ]WIH
HLOHD H]CQHK CYQ] CO [QHON L[U L]FD[
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PLFEDD [NLS RQHL[ PLQ]NG HQNH FEDD P]NN CHG L[G HL]HFQ [C RLD ]JC GFQ RH[TJH
HQYUD OZL COH []HLD GSHEQ PNJG OYC GSHEQ GFQ MN PLTEG RQ []HL PLFDNSGH PLZFG
PL[JC ]D P RLC PHZQD HWSQ HDLH ]HULSYD ]LUS HOLWCH GSHEQ GFQ PHO
HNWGO HZHOJ OU FLWZQG GI RLUG ]HULDKD GFLDC HO [LIJS J] HGILC H[QC ]HJY M[FH
HSNWGL FU HLOU FLWZQ HSZ]N CO HDO PC ]HL[DO GC[S HSLC HZHOJ HOLWC [QHON
U[ P [QHON HLOHD GCQHK CYQL] CO GSHHNG IW[ DCI RLQLSD ]HD DHLN PE UH L[LCQG RHO
X[CG PU LSWO OW J] GCH[G G]LQ DLLJ X[CG PU HLSWO M[DQ J] JN GOLEQD H[QC GID CYHLN
]HL[DG ]DGC ZLJ[Q LSWQ PUK H]HCQ G]LQ DLLJ ]HULSYD EGHS HSLC J] RNH G[H]D JH[ ]JS RLC [QHC
GI L[G PHZQ OND H]FHUT GD[Q J] ON KQ PLJTWD H[QC FHUH FLZE GDH] L[U LWU G[H]G RQ
PG ]C OOJQ
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PJOSH OI[DN GZ GLGSH G[HDE GUQ GHU CHG CLQF LOLQDH ]HL[DO JHS R[]H RODT
LLJ PYUQ CHG GI MHWLGJN PL[H]LHH ]H[W PH LOD ]UFG ]HWL[J OND G[H] O G]QJOQ
HN[FN HZHOJ MHWGO UFHLG PNJ FLQO] HGILC CU FLZ ]DF CG C[EG [CLD MN G[H]
JN HO L PNJFLQO]G O [FE HGI L[G LU F GQO RDC PFC O HZHOJ PG ]HFLQG
FT[] QU DJ [H LOU MH]Q MHWLGG
QU FJ HGLOCQ D]NQ [H [HND C[GQ ]HFEC LHFJ U HNWGO HZHOJ OU FLWZQG OU FHU
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L WS ]QEU LSWQ GOUQOH GJSQG RQ PLSHQL[D RLN[WQ OY LOHC RLTN[WQH PLIHECD RLUYWQ
PLSHC[D U PHL FHUDQ HSLNGO H[L]G RNHQ ONCQ HO RLC PHLG LCYHQD WS ]QEU LSWQ PL[WQ
[]HLD OHNCO GHC]Q HWS IC LSWQ RNO PFHZQ CO ODC GOUQOH GJSQG RQ CZHFH ILZ ROGO R[ RCN
RQ ODC PHLG M[HYO RLNQN GC[S LSWQ VTHS PUK GI[ ONCL CQ PLHJH HOTD ]W HO RLC LN
OHNCO MN ON GHC]Q HSLCH H]OLNC GDH[Z [DN GOUQOH GJSQG
RZ]QNH GOLNC ]UO GWYQ CHG IC G[L]L WS ]QEU L GOUQOH GJSQG RQ MWGO [WQ L[H
]QEU MN ON RLC RNO PFHZ CO ODC HONCQ RLNGO GU G]HCD H[L]G RNO GSU]Q CHG ONHC HSLCH
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