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P G[H[D GSQ GSHC[ GUFN PLEGHS POHUG POHCH GOLO FHDNO PFHZ PHL FHDNF [ZHD ]FHUTD MN
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KLZ OC[L [HCQ
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[LWH RZ]QN CHG PHQ D]N PDQ[GH OHJ M[HYO J[HK IEN ]D FDC[G NNH L[ OHJ M[HYO ]DD GHU
OHJ M[HYO GUS LSWQ COC [HTC HSLC GI RHZL] CLG MN PDQ[G ]SHHN PE PYUD GSQFLEQG
PLSH[JC HD]N ]HFHUTG [CO PLON LF HO L ]D OLOD JLFL CO PC PEH PLD[ PLON PFCO LNH
JLFQ CHG PYUD LN OHJG LQLQ GFHDU HO MTHJ HGL[G RLWLZUD PEG JLFGO HO []HQ RLFG FYQ
FYQ COH CQOUD C[QHJN [DFD [LQJGO GWLH LHC[ POHCH PLQNJ [HTLC OOND GI RLCH ]DG M[HYO
FS[ W ]D ]JSQ IEN RJOG MH[U UUH DQ HJ LHOG KD [DTGN JEN ]D ]WTH] LWU PLQNJ ][IE
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G DLH ZLFY L[W LWU PLUQG ON PLSZ]Q GFL OU ]HNJGH
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QU DJ HGLOCQ D]NQ H VF DJ DHK P []N UUH FHUH HD[ZD ]DG ]C ESUQ [LW G [QCQD UH ]DG
LEHSU]D TCHQH ]D HOHN PHL CDG POHUG LSLSUD PG HL]HEHSU] ON PFC HSLLG ]DG ]C ESUQG
]FQN PL[YQ LOD GOJSO GNHI MNO PLODEHQ PLEHSU] PG E IUD ]D D[U C[ZSG GIG POHUG
LJLH [W VTHL DZUL ]HFOH] LWU [YLQH OHDE COO CHG CDG POHUG
MWHE EHSU] G OU ESU]] IC DH]NG ]C LZ LTHT KJ LHOG KD ]H ZF[D CDHQ ET[ [LW [DNH
[]HL EHSU]D GD[L CO OLNQG ODC EHSU] OLTNO GCS CO PGD [QCS PLOLTNN CO G OU GLGL
HDLKLL KWQD VHEG LEHSU] COC []HL ESU]L GDH GQNJD ZTU]Q CHG LN [HDUD KWQD PC LN LCFQ
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PG[DCQ HCYL HUH OCUQL RLSUNH@ ]HU[ ]HC[LH ]HU[ ]HDGC LFLO RGQ ULEGO [WC LN CHD]
GCLDQG DOG ]H[L CLGH@ ]OHTW PHO CHDO [WC LC GC[LH GDGC FHJL LFL OU ODC >ZJYLQH
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QU GOLO LTLT[ QU ][G LNCOQ ]JL UUH JO PL[WHT L[DF QU G ]DG ]HFZ LWU GIG POHUD
DL LT LL ]LD ]H[F UU
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U[H DHK ]UFG XUQ GOLNCG CKJ ]C RZ]Q >PFESN PLSHHNQG HOCD CYHLN PL[JC PLSLQ HC@
RLCH OHDQD PLEFG H]Q CO GDLT G]HCQH@ PLQD PLTNS HLG LN GOLNC G]HCD PLW]H HLG CO PLEFG
GLG COH GLJ WS HD [NIHG RHC[G JUDG PG LSWQ ]HWL[KH PFH DOJ [HTLCQ [H[LD PH PGD
RHC[G CKJG RZ]O KO ]HN[D PLLUQ LSDO RN ONH PLSLUO PLDHKH DOO PLWL RLF[]G >G[LD HD
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PU HSHHU HO OJQS CGL G]NOGN ]D ][LQ HO GOLUHQH GDH] GUD [LW CDQ[ IKGH
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RCN OC[L
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H[DU PLTSG OU OOG FLQ] [QHC GID D]N GW ]HN[D L[]DH L[LCQ LWU PLJNGO GIQ CHDLH
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EGS]GO G[H] LOUDO LHC[ RNH LTHL LD[ [QC HQN
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JC RD GLG GLSSJ RD UHGL [O HSLYQ N GNHTDH THSZ[HG RD [IULOC LD[ O HSD THSZ[HG IQZ ROGOH HSD LC][HFH
FHUH HSZI PN GLSSJ HQH
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PLZTHWD U
CHG LW OU VCH HL[DJ L[DF OU [HDUL CO [QHO GSHHNG [ZLU COC OON G[LDU OU RCN [DHFQ RLC [WO D]N O[GQH
UYH VTHS H[LW UH PLD[G LSWD H]UF OKDQ PLUHK PG LCFHD UFHL
L[G HO H[QCL HL[DJ HOLWC M[DQ GLG CO LTHL LD[ LCFH HI M[FD [W ENH CS GQNJ MQ [WTD
JNZ CEQH RCN C[GQ PE UH OHNCG [WTD NNH Z]HH RNHFO GOHU GLG COC [HQCN CHG GU [HTLC
GN[D OOND PSLC PLSGNG L[HJC PLFQHUG JO GKHTD H[QC GQ PHQ G[HCNO HJO L LWUCH
PLTHSC PG ]HFD PUG ODC PLN[HDQGQ ]HLGO PLYWJ PSLC PQYUD PLC[Q PHQ CZHF HGI MC
HL[DJ L[DF OU LTHL LD[ [DU CO POHUQ ]HLGH G[ VHTDH P GKHTD H[QC HQN PLN[D]Q R]NCOQD
CHG GN[D OONDH HL[DJ LHHLY PHQ COC GSLC RNHFO H]LLOUH [DFD THSCN HGL[G
GJL ]D MOQG [U CJNZ PG[DC REQH GQ LN[F KQZ CJ KL[GQ ]H VU]TQDH PLZHQG TH]G L[DF [HCDD UU
HK DHK PHL ESHU IKD UGC LC RHIJ GJU MHSLJ ]JSQ H JHC ZLDHS FN ]HDH]N GCOWG GT JHC PL[WC ]LD ]H
OC[L [HCQ G DJ TLESD [I[EG LHFJ CO[ CJ FHL GQ ]H[EC CO CJ PG[DC [DF
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GI H[LWH [DF H]HC [QHC L]LLG PLOUDG LSWD VC LN GQ FQHU LQ ]HC[O L[HJCO [HIJO L]N[YHG
]HFECG LH[LWD O[GQG [ZLUO KZS
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PL[JCO H[QCO [HTLC RLC ]QC ]WD U GJNH] COC HK RLN[U J[
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UHGL D[F GL[D CSHG D[ CO RLHFZ U PLQNJ LFLQO] FHJLLD HD HEGS FDOD PLFLJLG COC OONG ]OJS GLG
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HC [FHTD LHTLND HSLLG PQYUD HJD]S PLC[HQCG GQH POHNO RLFG FYQ [DFG [HTC PL[DHT LH
FDOD ]HQC F LFND HOLWC HJD]S HC J LD GTZ CSH[D L[GQ ]H LWU RH]J]G LHTLNG FDOQ ]LOKD
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D FJ JHC GQ ]H[EC ]H LWU [DFD OZGO L RHQQ
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C CJ JHC GQ ]H[EC LWU C[G DH[ LHTLND [LQJL FLJL
P ZJ[EG ][UGDH L QU GT] [Q]D GOUC LWU ]H[UG DH[ LHTLND ML[YGO KZS CHIJGH
ZTWS GC[S GLQ[ COF GQN C]CH ]LJS COH CKHJ GLO ZLTWLC CE[FD ZLOT CZ GHG FJ CQHL
]QC ]W PLQO PLKHJ GSHQ HLGL [JDHQG RQ GHYQO JH ]LYLYG GOTWS CO RWHCD FJC KHJ
G]NOGN GQLLZO ]JC GHYQ HQYUO UHDZO HO LHC[ PNJ FLQO] ONF H[LW "LWK [LGI LCQD MHDC
[N GSZL GHYQ G]HC LFL OU ]JC GHYQD ]HJWG ONO IL[IH [LGI ]HLGO PFCO L R[G LHFJ
GSQG H[LWD PL[DFO FHTLH UU O[GQO ]HFEC LHFJ MH]Q FCQ ]JC GHYQD IL[IH [LGI [CN RHLOU
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KQ ZLFYG ]ZFY FLC [THQ KD CS [LCQG [HC UU []HLD HWZH] H[YL RLSU H]HCD H[O MLLG [DFG OU FHQUO
OEN [THQ KD U HZOJ [ZLU P []HLD PGD XWJ HDO FHQLO HC GHYQ CTLE MFLCO PE HSLYQH CWZ
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LOQO PLKHZO CJ JHOG LQ RH[TJG POS GI LFL OUH H]SLD LW OU GHYQG
PSHONH PD]NN
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PEH OHJ LSLSUD M[HY ON HO RLCH ]DG O G[FEO GNHI LQ H[LW PL[YQ LOD GOJSO GNHI
CHG CHG G]EGH ]HLSJH[G ]DG FHDNH ]DG ]C HESUD COC GIG POHUD ESU]L CO
CLG ]DG ]N[D GODEGGLC DYQ OC GODEGG DYQQ CYHL CHG L[G L]LQCG HEHSU]
GOJS G CHG ]HLSJH[G POHU OC GIG POHUG LEHQD ]ODEHQG ]UFG ]HSKZQ ]HKW]GG
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OC GODEGG POHUQ PFCG ]CYD P L Z O C M [ D L H H]C FZLH LULDG PHL ]C PLZOC M[DLH
RLOHJ ]FZ]Q ]DG H ] H C F Z L H IC GIG POHUG ]HSJDGO XHJ H[LW RQIO XHJ ]SLJD
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PHL ]C [HNI [FE HGIH ]DG ]HLSJH[O Z[ FJL]GOH RQFIGO HH[LW ]DG ]C FZO RLHFZG
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CDG POHUG ]SLJD CLG HI ]HZDF PNLZOC G LSC HFZ LN PLFZ P]LLGH ]SLJDD []HLD
L[HTLCH ]HLQEG O PLODEHQG PLLOLOG PLN[UGQ ZO]TGO CHG ]DG [FE LN FQO ]CYQS
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G[N R]Q C[QED H[LWH PNLSLDH LSLD CLG ]HC [QCS GUSYD GS]LS ]DQ XHJ CLTG[WD
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CDG POHUG PYU CHG CHG DOG PLSWD
GQNJ ]LC[ D D]N RNH OHJG MH] OC GHFZG KW]] GSQQH GHFZG ON [H ]DG
HSLOU MLQSH FZ]S CHG LSC HFZ LN HLG] PLHFZ G[H] G]HY GQH DW GHFZG [U
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CHG ]QC PC ][[DQ ]DG ]DO HS]HZDF ]FQD ]]QC]QH ][W]Q PLLJG ]HFZ ON
]DG LN PNLSLDH LSLD CLG ]HC HGIH ]HLSJH[G ]OHI HLOC VHCO CO VCH H]HUO [DF HSO RLC
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]NOQG PFCG ]C PLOCH RLFG ]UD LN HSLYQ GQ FHDN RLSUD HQYUO UDHZ FJHLQ [HFQ
[ D J M L O Q G O PHSGLE ]NTQD DLW GC[LG [U GQNJ ]LC[D CDHQ JH[ ]JSD MLOU M[DJ
MN LFN FU HSHY[ LSWO OKD]GOH PLNOQ FHDN HO ]]O HSLLG
OKDO [WC LC GHYQ O DHLJ HC G[H] O ]UF ]HUFH ]HHYQ LSLSUD PL[HQC PL[DFG R L C
ONO [WUN LWSH PLOOW]Q HSC GI OU PL[HQC PL[DFG ]H[ L[DFD [DJ O HSHY[ LSWO
[QCS HSLC LQN HQYU PLQ LQD COC RLQLLZ]Q G[H] L[DF RLC PL[QHC OIJH GLG]
DKLG DLZGOH G[H][DF UHQO LFN OKD]GO ML[Y PFC GQN CN GKHT CYQ] RLCQ GQNJGH
[QHO ML[Y RLCH QQ ]LFLQ] ]HOKD]G [HF C]HHYD FHQLO ON H]ONL LWN HD RSHD]GOH
JH]W GLGL RHOJG GYH[ LSC RHEN L[DJ ]UF LSWO L]UF OKDO ML[Y LSC PLSKZ PL[DFD
PL[JC PC ]HCFHD LQYU OU UFHL LSC ]HULFLD HOLWCH GSGN FHUH [HET GLGL GYH[ CHGH
LSC UFHL L[DJ L[DF OU L][DU CO LQLQ LTHL LD[ [QCH L]UF OKDO LO L ][JC PL[QHC
GOHU LSC RNHFO GOU L[DJ LO PL[QHC PC RGN LSLC LQYUD
GYH[ HSLC RWHC PHD HS[HFD PFC POHUD PHLG ]KOHG GULFO FCQ ]FEHSQ GID G[H]G ]UF
GUS GQH H[DJ LSWO OKD]Q FJCG GOHJ GID GCH[ CHGH PL[JC LSWO HQYU ]C ULSNGO
CLG PL[DJ LSWO ]HOK]DGG ]OHIG O PLZOCPOYG ]C [LZHGO HS]HC ]FQOQ G[H]G MN
GNQ [THQ KD UUH CO[ QU DJ [H LOU MH]Q PLZOCPOYG FHDN O ]HFQO]GG
RNOH [HQE ]HZLDFD HJNS PLQ P HLQL ON ]D ]E[FQ CHG ZLFY LN [GHID H[QC RNOH
HOYC HUS ]LGQ JNHSG ][NGH PLQ P PHL PHL F MH[D [QHC GLG H]E[FQ P OU OOG
ONDH PHL OND HOYC GUS MN M[DLH HD [QCS ]DG PHL ]N[DNH ]ZTHW GSLC GNL[DN
]D ONCQ ]QEHF HONCQ PHL
RLUQH GNL[D HO L RLUQ CHG ]D HLQL ON H[F ]E[FQO ULEG LQO [N OHDLZG GIH
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L QG ]J] PLUQG ON RNH POHUO OZOZ]Q RLCH ]HFJ ]HWLK ]U OND UDHS RLUQD
CO PC HD XZ PFCG FU OZOZ]Q OHDEG [DUNH GSLL]SH GHFLJD RLLFU PG OHDE PGO
POHUD PFCG LEHSU] ON RNH OZOZ]Q RLC IC GFJ GWLK ]U OND L RLUQ ]E[FQ CHGN
]J]H QG ]J] PG LWO DSZ ]D LGOLDH ]OGZD DH]N HQN H]SZI ]UO PGD XZ VHTO GIG
]HN[D LGOL H[QC HQN PLFJN PHL OND ]HLGO ML[Y F ]FHDUD ODC RQID OHDE PGO L RQIG
GSL CQEHK[WN CG] CO UQ ]CL[ZD GD[C[ZLHDH G[H] FHQLOD D FS RLDH[LUDH D ET
G[FHEH FHQU GSZFIS PC M]QHC MQC GSZI LN IHD] OC ZHTW OU GG ]HN[DF KW LQOH[LD UH@
HGI PHL OND FJ]Q GW OUD G[H]D PL[WHT L[DFH PL[WHT L[DFQ PL[FE ]HWTHGD H[LW
LQNJQ GFJ GWLK PHL OND UDHS LN PLSLL]Q RLCH PLFJQN GI LFL OU PG GFJ GWLKG
GUS H[F ]E[FQ LFL OU Z[ HGIH >P]E[FQ HGI ]UF ]E[FQD FZG JH[ OUD OC[L
PUK CYHQ GEHG RQI ON RLDH[LUD P H[QC GIH GFJ GWLK PHL OND L RLUQN
PGO L VCH F ]FHDUD ]UFG [QHO HSHY[ HQ EW PLSZ ]WKQ R]UF X[CG PU LSZI MNOH
GSZIG ]UO ]OZOZ]Q CLG PE >FLTJ X[CG PU COH D ]HDC H[QC HQN FLTJ HSLC Z[@ ]UF
L POYC CLG PE LWO OCH Z[WD H[QC HQN ]HSZID PLZO]TQ QG ]J] PLSLSUG ONN
HOYC HSZFIS COH POHUO HO PLJHS HLGL PLUQD G[HQEG CJLLSGH RLUQ ]E[FQD GSLCH OHDE GO
[KQN V[UL HGIH PHL OND VH[UL GFJ GWKG LFL OU Z[ CHG GI PGD XZH UD GLGL FU
G]C GCOSH M]OJS PLZOC VLS] ]HDFS PE ZHTW OU RN PE L]UQ HQNH@ PLDLD[N LJZO
GOUQ CLDQH MLOHQ GWHS] ]QEHF PGH ]HFJ ]HWLK VLKQ ]HDFS PE ]LGO L ]SSHN
]HCLOG RSHNQ GI LFL OUH PFCG DOD PLDHSG PLU[ PLOOKH ]HU[ ]HJH[ [HYUO FL[HQH
MOG]QG ]D HLQL ON ZLFYH ]DG PHL ]E[FQ CHG >HLUQD XZH GCHO HSLC PFCD
PNJL PLQNJ ]C MOHG RLSUN HQU LFLQ] ]H[DJ]G RHO GNLOG LN FLQ] H][DJD PLZOC ]C
]SZFIQ GQNJGH RLUQN GUS IC OSN RLSZD GQNJ GSZ GI Z[ CHG >OSG ]UFD@ RZI MNOH
QU ZFY [DHF MH]Q HKUQ]L COH HD[L PLQLGH
GHYQ M[FD L]QQ LZOJ CGL
LTHL [ O C[QLQG OU CHGH IWD COHTL CO ZHQU []HL FHU [DF O[GQG GOEQ RLSU H]HCD
M [ F D PL]QG PU [QC GQOH OI CHG D]NH GHYQ M[FD L]QQ LZOJ CGL DU JLZ ]DD
DJS ]LG OC UUHS]Q CHG CHG GHYQ M[FD PL]QG ODC "G H Y Q L H U PU COH G H Y Q
GHYQG [DN GU LQ NCQ HQU FJC CHG HOLCN [DFG OC GUHS]G LN ]LG PU CHG
ZDF]GO GOU]Q CHG GID [QCLL CO ODC GHYQ LHUO L GEL[FQG GSZ L[G G]HC GSZH
]Q CHG L[G GI MH]QH HD ZDF]GO GOU]Q GLGH GHYQ M[FD ]Q CHG [CN ODC L[QEO ]L HD
JLF ]HDC OU PLLJ M[F ]LG PU ZDF]Q L[G
GDZG OC D[Z]QH MOHG PFCG GID LN ]L]LQCG ]HZDFG CLG GHYQG OC G U H S ] G L[G
PLLJ RQLT HGI GZTWS [DN GUHS]D ]HZDFG ODC [NH GEL[FQ HO L GHYQG [QE [CN
RLC GOHJH Z]HQ CHG CHG RQLT FJC PHZQ OU FLQ] FQHUG LJG UUHS]Q LJ ON ZGDHQ
CU
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PLLJG PLCKD]Q MN ]LSWHE GUHS]D PLCKD]Q PLLUDKG PLLJG HQNH GUHS] LOD PLLJ
CLG GHYQ ]C[ZO GNLOGGH RHNSG OQUG CLG G[H]D GNLOGG RNO ]LSJH[ GUHS]D PLLCOLUG
]LGD ZHDF GHYQ [QHEG COH LJ