GI JNH PGO ULWQ LG GQ Z[ PHON JN PGO RLC GI JN PGO L OC[LH DOD U[G
H]OJS ODJ PG LN LGQ CHG
GNL[Y HI GFQH PU COD MOQ RLCF ]HNOQG ]FQ ]H[[HU]GD CHG POHU ]CL[DF UHFLF HSLLGH
OC[L]TSN [H CLG HI GFQH PUG LFL OU COC MOQ PD C[ZS RLCF GQLOGO ]OHIO
CHG PGO GUH[O GQOGO PLNL[YH PUG PG OC[L ]HWS RN PE CHG GIQF HSLLGH UFHSN
GI [H FYQH OC[L]TSN HSLLGF HO PUD CHG MOQG O ]HNOQH GDZG HSLLGF MOQG
L FU ]HSH[TJ LSLQ ON ]HKW]GD PLCD GIQ RH[TJG ]OJ]G UDHS GQOG PLNL[YF
]Q PLCDH PL[HFT OC[L LSDF PLCKJG ON ]QCD Z[ OC[L FES PE RLUG ]LC[QO GSUK
RH[TJ LSD PG FYQ LHOLQH RH[TJ ]HLGO OC[L ]CL[DD [FTG MNF HSLLG ]LC[D LQL
MOQO PLNL[Y PU L [CN ]HNOQG ]FQ CHG GI LFL OUH LGQ GQOG PLHHZQ
CLG H]HNOQ ]FQF H[LW P DHK [JHD H[QC HQN HNH GDZG OHNLDN HEH G CD LN HGIH
CHG PLZOCO KWQGH OC[LF RH[TJG JN CLGH RH[TJG ]Q[HEG
OU CHG GQ LWN OC[LQ WS ONO L DOD RH[TJG RZ]O FJC[F LOU G[WN HGIH
U[ [DF RLCF GDHKO ONG RN PC OUHWG CHG [JCQH GI ON OUW LG GI [DF [H[LD LFL
LGQ CHG RH[TJG [LNQ HI G[NG LFL OU RH[TJG LHOLQ L COLQQH GOUQOQ CYHL
CD ]D CD GQOGG CHG ]DF HEH FJ LFLQ GLGH [QCS FJ C[ ]HFZ RLSU GIH
HEH [D ON CHDL H LGQ PGLSF [LNQH RH[TJG CHG FJC[H PHON [TJ RLCH GJHSQ
ML[Y RH[TJF G[NGF HSLLG GQ C[F LZ[WD QN FHJLD PLSO FJC[ ]HFZ MNOH
H]HC DLQ GDH]G RLSU ]HQHZQ GQND [CD DHLNH@ GN GOLO LTLT[ UHFLN CDZHSF C[KT HGI LHOQO
OCHQQ PD GI RLUNH >FHUH QU G RLDG ]SZ] U ]HLHNIN ]HSHFIG ]NWHG GWHE HI G[NGH LGO JN
FU[] C[ZLH
GDH]GH G[WN ZDQ OHNLDN GDZG PE IC LN GDH]O OEHTQ RQI CHG FJ C[ RNOH
GK[J HILCO PLJ[NHQ PSGLED PLU[G HOLWCH PLC[DSG ONO GULEQH ]OO]Q
KL R[GHQ LKHZO LWU PLLLD]QH PLFHQH PLK[J]QH RLD FJC[D
[WHT P]J LHFJ K CKHI CDF] OU PLWHY PL]Q[ ]LC[D X[CG L[W [F GF IO H[]L ZJYL ]FLZU UUH
EJ HGLOCQ D]NQ HKGN TJSLW GQNJ MQ MOLCH DQZ QU DZUL ]LD [WTO [UG J]W RCN ]HLJ X[GQH
T RLOHJ ]UF VTHLD CDHQD UUH JZ QU KT] DJ GLC[G ]H[EC QU FJH QU
L VF
LD[ ]KL GIO GI POHN PLFUHQG ON HZHG [LCQ [F CQUK LCQ CSLSJ [ [D CQJ [ [QC
RLC OU RG GD LH GD RLC OU RG CQKG ]C ONC [HGK OU RG PL[WNQ RLWTHQG L[LU ON [LCQ
GD RLCH GD
ONC [HGK OU [WNQ XLYQ GHG[IE RHUQ LD[N [F FJC[ [LUD H]KL ]H[HZQ KH[LW
GSHL [F CLZGD J[ [LUQ PL[LUG [C HFQOSH CQKG ]C
GULFL HD L [DF OU [WNO LQLSWO ZHG GD LH GD RLC OU [WNQ PL[HWLNG PHL O RHYLJ [LU
CN
]UF VTHL
RCN ZGD PLFZD FQOG RQ RLFQO RLC LW OU VCH@ WNGHLF RHYLJ [LUO HZHG PL[LUG [CH
>P] HSD[ PD C[H]H HZ]LCH GF]U HQHZQD PL[HWQG PL[DFO ZHG [DN RHLN GSH
[CHDQ G]HC GF DUD TH]G L[DFQ ]FQOS CLG RLCQ [H[D RLC GD RLCH GD RLC OU G[WN PSQC
G COC HD [LNQ RLC CKJ GO ]CKJOQ [LCQ LD[ [HF FJC[ [LUQ CHG [HZQG
ZGD PL[LUG ONO FQOS PQH GFHGL [ ]KLN
M[F OU [QHO ML[YH HI G[F [F CO [LCQ LD[ UQQ HGOHN GFDH FTZ GFD L[ L[DFQ MC
KUQO GSD ]JC G]HC ][F [DHT GI RLSUO GFHGL RD RHUQ [ ]UFO P TH]G HD]N
L[LU ][WN FLQUGO MJ[N OUH WNGHLH J[ L[LU ][WN OU GCD H][WN [ZLU [JC RD[Z RLC
L[LUO POHN HZHG DHH GD RLCH GD RLC CHG HFLQUGO R]LS FLJLG [DFGH FJ [DFD PLOE[G
G[WN HO L [LU ON Q[O HO UQQ L[W [CD CDKL[ UH GD RLCH GD RLC OU PG PE PL[WNQ PLOE[
G]HC [HF CHG GI RLSUO [HQCN GSHHNG [WCH HO UQQ RNLGQ [W COH HQYU LSWD
RCN GSHGN ]H[QQDH [LCQ ]LD LHFJD UUH OSN HL[DFD NE TLQUGO LH O[GQO GQO ]QNJD UUH
POHCH [LUH CQJ LD[ ][FD M[HY RLC DH GSHL LD[F PNLFUHQD ZGQ HSFQO G]U G[HCNO
]QLLZ RHLN Z[ [QHO DH]NG M[F RN [QHO L LF RLC HFDO PNLFUHQDH ZGD D]N CDKL[G
PLH POHN HLGL [LUH PGD DH]N RLC P]HCO GSHL LD[F ZG OLUHQ CSLSJ [D CQJ LD[ ][F
>CQJ [ ][FQ G[HQE G[IJ RCN RLC RN]L HS]T[EO PE MC HSLSWO GT[LEN C O C T[E COH@
MH[UG
L[D RHOQ ]QC LCFH C[DLC
[DFG [HCD L[HJD [HDO FUHQ LOU C[Z DL]NF HGHLOQ LLHOQ C] CLGGF IHQ] LLDC [QCF
ON OU FZ UW ULWQ GLG LIC HFZQ GLG RLF ]LD C[H HSLFLD [HTQ GI FHJ HFLZ GLG HOLC
]TLSN PY[CQ OC[L ]HOEDH FZQG RD[HJD GHFZG FH[LWO OEHTQ FHJG GLG COH FHJG
FUHQG HSLOU C[Z CHG GDZG COC ][DHE G]LG OC[L FLH LUL]D COH DCD L[LUD G]LG PLDLHCG
U[C U[HCQ H]HC DDTS NLUH HSLFLD LHO] FHJG HFLZ CGL CO COQ CGL IHQ] FHJ DDLTH
GSG ]HQL GT FESN PLFLE GT UZ JOLH ZGHID CDHQN ]HSU[HWO OHOUG PHL CHG LUL]D
GQHZQQ DZUL M[L VN GUZS HD GOLNCD [HTCG GSG FLE FESN DCD GU] PHLH
OND L[NSG PU RLFQ KQLGO L PLZTHWD CDHQN U[HG OC[L OIQ GIG FHJG OND PUKG HGIH
MD[ULHC I[EG LWU HSLFLD HSLC G]U GI FHJ HFLZ [ZLU ON LN DZT CSZ] PG[DC REQ U FHJG
L G[UG FQ CSLS] LL ]LD ]H[F LUTQ WHT ZLFY L[W UU
CHS HSLCH CHS CHG FJC RHU RHU C[Z [QCF PLOE[FC L[WNQ CO PLFJ LC[F CQOD
PC [LUH CQJ LD[ ZGQ PC GIQ GI PL[LUG FHQOO HSO GLG GI KHULQ COHO ODC ]HSHU LS
CDKL[ >[LCQ [ COC [DHT HSLC GSHL [F CLZG POHCH@ K OCUQL [ LDF CS]F DC RLSDQ
OND PLCOKG []HQO GSHHNG [W L[ RLQLQ] RLFWS [HDLYO HN[YHG CO RLFLQ] DU
OHNL PHQQ [HZLDG ]HQHZQ GQNQ JLNHGO L GQ LWO HOC LH RTLS FJ C[ ULEGN GS
PLCOKG ] ]C C[Q LFZGO CO PLOHNL HLG RN PC GFZGO PFHZQ GOLJ]NO VC ]HUGO
R]LC GWYQ RLQLQ] R]HFWO HN[KYL COH
DN
L VF ]HUHD
FZHG [JC CZHF ]HLGO ML[Y [HZLDG L[Q JLNHG KN GOLEQ RDC L[HKDH RLOHJD OLUHQ [HZLD PC PLSH[JCG HSF [DNH
GUD[C FJ C[ PFHZ P]HC PLLFZQH PLJZHO [QHO ML[Y ]H[]HQGQ PLCD PSLC RTLS J[ LFLQ] RHUQ [O GI LWOH@
PLJTW L[UH FL CJ TLESUD [I[EG LHFJ FHY EJ FHL GQ ]H[EC UUH >PL[ZD]Q PG ICH GFJG GQH[]GQ PLQL
COC FZ HFHUD [HZLDG GUS CO NLU VC GOLJ]NO LHG LNGF UQQH FLD RGLJTW L[WGO PLOLE[ HLG COC GF CJY
JTWD [HZLD RLF KLQG PDQ[G
HQOLH GWZGD GS OND PL[]HSG HOC PLCOK GUD[C HJZO CO UHFQ GZG CDKL[G L[DF LW OL CLHZG [ZLUO POHCH
RLC ]JC ]DD PLCOK GD[G HSZ COC KUQ KUQ PLSHZ HLG CO PL[DIEG X[]H GFJG GQH[]GQ RTLS FJ C[D PGLOU
FHU HUL L[ PD RN D]N CL CD[GH C[H]D DHLNH G PLCOKG ]NOO HTLSNG COC ]H[LU PHZQD ]HLSU
H[CS LHYQ GLG RN OUH FZGG VTNQ GD[G HSZ C]OLQF CQ]T MC RLLFU PLFZGO COD PLCOK ]JZO R]LS GLG PSQC MNOG
RLFZHQ PLCOK GSG VHTD
GQH[]Q PLFLQ]O ]HQGD RGQU LH RTLS J[ ULEG P C D]N RLFLQ] []HQ LDEO DLCLF PLOZ PDQ[G RHO ]ZFZHFQH
J[NG RLC RLFLQ]D NCQ GS OND []HQ L ][HKZD LN RTLS J[ U L E L Q D]N ][HKZ []HQD HOLCH GSL
[N GSQQ RLL[WQ ][HKZG []HQ RS]GH RLQLQ] RLFWS [HDLYO HN[YHG CO RLFLQ]
G]HC RLJZHOH RL[IHJH R[ND RLSQHCO G]HC RLS]HSH RLSQHCG ]HUQ OU G]HC RLOOJQH RLSQHCG
[HQO LFN PL[JCO GH[NQ COH R[ND RLSQHCO GS]LO GI RWHCD GHOOLJ CZHFD GFJ GQH[]Q
L[ [W HQN GUSYD RLSUG
]QL]TQ UQQ L[GH RLSD LSQHCO P]]O H[LL]S PLFLQ]D RN PLHU RLC UHFQ RN PC [HCD ML[YH
"PLSQHCO ]]O PLNL[YQ RLC RLQLQ] RLFWS RHOG
[DFG RLC PHQ RGD RLC G]U PE RNO PHQ LFL OU ]HQGDG ]HFWS ]HD[ PLQUW LSWQ [QHO L
PLCH[G LSWQ GID HJ CO MNLWO [DFD [NG RLCH RLOHJ O ]HD[ ]HQGD L PE MN ON PT[W]Q
LWU GUSYD GOOJO GD HJ HLNU COC RLOHJO ]CYHL GSLCH FHZ POHUO CLG ][HKZG RN CO
CDKL[H CD[
FLD [CL] HOLC GSJZLOH [HIJO PLDLLJ KHLFGO G]SHN]QN ]HUO CO ][HKZD DH]NG [LQJGH OLCHG PLLJ ][H]D UH
P[LCGO CSLFQ LC[ H[]H]LS RLFLQ] NCQ ][N DLLJH KHLFG PO C[ZLUQ GHU HOLCN GI L[G FD LCS] LFL OU KHLFG
H[CLL C]OQ COLIF L[D UQQFN GFJG GQH[]GQ PJZLO DHK QQ COC PDQ[G RHO ]QL]T G[HQ RNH KHLFGG FLD
KHLFG FLD RLOHJ
PL[HCDH PLHFJD UU
RLLFU CLGN RNQ [JCO FLQH P[N ]HUQ OU GHOOJL PLSQHCO ][HKZG R]LO HN[YHG UHFQ [QC] PCH
MNO OHOLJ COD G[LKZGO ]HUKO HCHDL CQ [QHO LH GLOU GFJG GQH[]G LQFQ HOOJL [DIEG FLD
PLSQHCG FLO GS]LO HNL[YG
RLS]HSH GSHHNG HIH OIE PHQ PLSQHCG ]UF COD G]HSZO [WC LC PLSQHCG GD HNI RHLN GC[S LOH
PFLO GS]LO ML[Y RLC PSQCH P]UFQ G]HC PLJZHOH PL[IHJH PGO GSH]S CLG [QHON RLSQHCO G]HC
C[H] LWU QQ
TD PLQUW UD[C C F T J D [ OYC GI LHKLD HSLYQ
MD[ RSJHL LD[OH MO ]LLY RCQ CFTJ D[ GLO [QC
LSW UH FHQO]D GI LHKLD CYQS CO HOC FDOQH DL GOLUQDH KS PL[FSD EO PLJTWDH RCN
EN
]UF VTHL
G[H]D ]H[LDU ON G[H]D ]H[LDU ONQ HLFZH FZQ ]CQHK GZ [QHC RHUQ LD[ GLG
G[H]D ]H[LDU ON RL[LU DOD ][WN]Q HLFZH FZQ ]CQHKH FJC [LUD ]H[WN]Q
G OCZIJL [QCS FJH FJ OND ][WN]Q HLFZH FZQ ]CQHKH GSD ]JC PUW ]H[WN]Q
RG RLZ HEH ML]DUH] ONDH MLYHZ OND ]CQK LFZQ ]C RUL CO PC PLZOC G PCS LSC LJ RNO
ROHNQ GZ HLFZH FZQ ]CQHKH ]LU ]HDUH]H RLYHZ
GGEGD DL JHC [IS LSDC ]H UH DC ]HUHD C]WTH]
LDEO ][JC G[WNH G[H]G OU [DU PFC LDEO ]JC G[WN G[H]D PG G[WN LSLQ LS
HLCHSH G[H]G FZQ
[HF G[H]G FZQ PLLJG HFLZ O EHQG [GHK ]C ]SNTQ G[WN]S CO G[LDU ON
CD CO FHU ON HC LGON G[HYD FZQG FYQ CKJG GSHE CO FHU ON HJO L HS]CQ
PU GQHCG MH]D FQHUG G[H]G FZQ PLOQ HOLCN [DFG GC[LL HSHU OU CKHJG PFCG
FZQ O HL]HL[F PU GOC PLCKJ PLDLL]Q HOLCNH PGLCKJ ON OU GO GUQG LLJ
G[H]G
]HCLYQG RLDO G[H]G FZQ O RHIJG RLD FHELSG ]C HSO GC[QH PL[HWNG PHL ]FHDU GCD MNH
PGL]HCYH] PUG LCKJ LSWQ G[H]G FZQ OU ][QH CLG GIDH PUG LLJ O ]LQQG
PGLUWQH OC[L LSD ]CQKQ FZG OU [WNH DH]NN H]HFZ LDEO ]HLST[G ]HLGO ]HOHOU
PUG OU SHU ]OKGD M[HYG USQS FHZG OU G[WNG LFL OU P]CKJ ONO
JDIQG ]CH FUHQ OGC ]CH FZG FZQ ]C [WNH ZHTWD ]HQNHTQ G[WNG O ]HSLJDG L]
EQJN GHY] [LG [[ H[W MH]Q [WNL OGZG PU ON OUH PLSGNG OUH [WNL
CL VF
CD[ RDQ[
PL[HWN[THJQD RLFG CHGH PHLOHDKD GOTWS ]]NQD GS]S
GSLOD ]OTWS GSLC MNO G]LC[Q ]C GSQ GSLC LWO [W L[ GOHN GSG OND G][HYH OLCHG
GQHFNH GWL[G ]LDO CYLH H][HY [DHU] HQN G[HY [HDLU GSLO OHTW GSHNQ PHZQ OND RNCH
DW PLJTW GSQG H[LWD PDQ[G [W HQNH GSLOG LU WU]Q [DG
CZHF GI LJHQG OHZOZO MLL HSLC GSLO OHTW PL[DHTH L[ OU RCN HELG TH]G ]UFO VCH@
[DD ODC DL[ZGO LHC[G RQIG [DU OLDD CHG OHTWG RLSU P JDIQG OU PLD[ZSG PL[DFD
>GO ZJYL [NID D]N RN G[HYG LHSL OLDD CHG OHTWG ONCSG
[QHO RCN MLL RLCH RGLQFO HLGL HCO PCH HN[YHG HN[YHG PC RGLOU GS]Q RLF ]LD DO
GQ LWO GI OU HC GI OU OHJL PL[DF LSQ FJC OU GS]QD COC RN PL[QHC RLC G[L[D RLC
FL]UD [[HDL
FN