POHUO DJS FZQG PHZQ POUGD KZS UQQH FZQ POUG PE L L[G [HKW LCFH CDLZU LD[O [LW CDKL[G D
OHCO HO GLG CHG FLIQO DH[Z PL[QHC RLCH EEH
GQ HD[ ]LD ]ULFL [ QCH FZQ POUG OU DLLJQH GOJ]D GULFL LUDF LD[F CDLOC
PHZQ L GULFL GQ HCO PC PE LN HD[ ]LD ]ULFL [QCH HT[E CO PLSHC[ GQN LCQ GULFL
GULFL GQ CO HD[ ]LD ]ULFL ZTW PEG GI ZWT CLDG PDQ[D [CHDQ RNH GI ZWTO
VC GULFL GQ HCO HD[ ]LD ]ULFL PC ODC LD[O COC GSLC HI GLUD KZS L[LCQG POHCH ]HNOG
GULFL GSLC FZQG [ZLU ]ULFL
LKHZO LWU
G OLUO CDHQD U CQOF HC GF TH]
HK VF
GJQG RQD JQS HQYU RNQG COG HGQ] TH]G PLONG ON CD[ DL]Q ]H[HFO HU] RNH
" C[GQ UH IK ROGOFN ]H[HFO FZQ RN COH
FZLGO HQYU GSDQG M[YHG PHZQO PHZQQ UTS RNQG FZQO RNQ RLD L ZHOLJ [QHO LH
OU GJLQ ][H] RLCH HFZ HQHZQ FZQG RN CO HQYU RNQG COC FZ]G P H Z Q G CO LN
PL[HCDH PLHFJD ILUNH CI CS GQNJ MQ LWU PHZQG
GJH D[ CJ LHOG KD ]H GEO ]HJSQ LC RHIJ U SKQ ]HJSQD [CHDQG G[HSQGH RJOGH ]HJDIQG MHSLJ [FE OU
KU
PUKG CHGH GOHN ]C HWLZG FU PSLQL FYO FLQ] HNOG [LUG OOJO PGLSWN RLQL M[F HNOG L[W
RLQLO ]HNHOG]H
]HNHT OL[GQ LEGSQ LWU RLQLO GSHW GQLDG LWON G[H] [WT CLYHQ PC RWHCD XO OCQQ ]HNHTD GQLDG PLWLZQ
GUD ]TH GQLDG RHHLNO HLSW FFYO RHNS GC[SH HLOC PLSHW HOLCNH IN[QG CHG H]HC PLWLZQ [DFG C[DTGH G[UGDH K
PLWLZQ
[FGO HO L HFYQ PFCG PSQC [QHON "CLQ LQZ C]HDLJ CNLC LQ RSLQD ]HOHFE COC
POHCH HLSLUD GLHID GSLC GC[QH GHYQG ]C DLJQ GID JDHQGH GCSG FYG OU R]HUO ]HHYQD
FHUH CDKL[ RDQ[ TH] LWU PHZQG LSWO GH ONG OFG ]JSQQ []HL PKW [HD JD]Q DH]NG RLC
L[DH KL GOLUQ U G[LTJGOH GQEWO RN]L COGH PEW HD RLC [DFN ]DJS GD[ZGO GLHC[G GQLQ] GQGD UHFQ [CHDQ GIDH
GQHEWO GQO RLD JDIQO [WG RLC PYUD LN CT CJ PL[LQ DDHF ]HD MN OU [LUG [DNH TH]H
FZO ]H[HGO COC POFHE JD PHQ ]HOHFE KZS COH XQJ HGLS LCQH ]HFH]D GOHFE COC
ONH [C ON DL]NF XQJG ]C GSLE DH]NG LSWQ XQJ H[LWD [LNIG CO GIH XQJ O ]HOJD
CDKL[ H[LKZ] CO DF
VHTD ONCS MNOH GI FZ ]OLNC PHJ] RCN FU ULFHGO LFN OTWS GSQQ CYHLH GD ONCSG [DF
DLH G[LJDG ]LD PDQ[ CDKL[ LWU H]HC PLFZQ PHZQG
JO
HK VF ]HUHD
K[HWQH PO [FTD GUS HFLZG COGH GJSQ L[LLD COC ]FZ]Q G[IUG RLC HKZS PUKG HGIH
]H LWU G[IUG ]HOHDE ]C G[LFEQH ]QLLTQG CLG PL[LLG ]OLNC GJSQ L[LL Z[ HKZS UHFQH
D[ CJ LHOG KD
RLSUO ODC PLFZ ]OLNC RLSUO G[IUG PHJ] PHLT RLSUO Z[ ONG GI FJO HD]N PLSH[JCG RQ L
]C ]FZQH ]NSJQG CLG GQYUD GD[ZGG LN GJSQ L[LLD M[HY RLC JDIQG OU ]HSD[Z ]D[ZG
KD ]HDH RCN HLHFJD DLYSG HD]N RN GJSQG L[LL PLN[YS G[IUG ]HOHDE PHJL] M[HYO Z[H PHZQG
D[ CJ LHOG
DLYSG LHFJD U ]LDG [G HFLZ OU P]LHZQ RNH GQDD GJSQ RLC FQO GJSQG ]C PLDL[ZQ FYLN HZG TH]D POHC
GEO ]HJSQ CHIJD KZS RNH GIG [FTG ]QOGD COC HFZ RLC RN CO ]HKWD HKZS [CHDQ
RN]L POHCH@
CEQ RD L[G L[DFN CO HFLZG ]DNUQ GSLC GOLNCG GC[S CD[G L[DFQ RLHYL
>[HWQ [HZQ MNO RLC COC HFLZG PHZQ GYZD ]ONCS GOLJ]NO CD[GO PE
]C PLZGO GQ ]HON P H L D LGLH DL]NFQ PHLD HD H[LW RLSDG ]UD HFLZ RSLUD DU
C[G TH] CDKL[ H]C
b FZLH H]C
b JQLH RNQG
HC[L] LFZQH H[Q]
b
L]]D
b
]CQ [DFG [HZQ D]N L[ DHK PHL GJHF FZQG ]LD RLSD RLC
[QCS PHZQ OND [HQCG OON GI RLC FFY LQ LH ]D PLC[ZS PG PE GI OOND PLDHK PLQLH
CZHF GI D]N LQ LH R]LC GWYQ U PLD[ RHOD L]H]D DL]NF RCN RCN Z[ COC ]D HD
HFLZ RHEN PL[JC PL[DF RLSUO ODC ]HDO PLHHYQ KHLD VC G]LD LSLFO PL[HZG PLCHSD
]DG OOND KHL RLC G]LDG ]HNOG RLSUD MWGO D]N LH ]D OOND DHK PHL RLC FNH PHLG
]DD OHON CHG VC HLHSLNH PHLG PYU OU [DHFQGN MC
PLFQO RLC CQ HC ]DN G[H]GQ G[HTC PCG DHKPHLD GQGD ]]LD RLFO PLUEHS PL[DFG
DUZ GN[D GOC ZQUG P PLCDHQG PL[WTDH DT CT HJ LHOG KD ]HD GI OND U LWK OLZF ]DQ DHKPHL
ET CJ PL[LQ DDHF ]H
EL JHC OYI [HKZWT RSJOC ZJYL LD[ RHCEO ZJYL [CD ]HD GNH[CD U DHKPHLD RLSD OU FHU
GOHFE RDC ON OUH GSLWH GSLW ON OU PLOYOYDH PLODSDH ]H[HSND GFH] O [L RSD[ HS]
DLH G[LJDG ]LD PDQ[ RN PL[QHCH PLFQHU RDCH GSW OND [QHON MQQH[C [QHCH PLOH[LD
HI G[LO LOON P CHG COC L[WN GFH]O [HQIQ HSLC GFH] O [L PDQ[G L[DFQ UQQ
P MOQO GSQ GFH]G PU PL[QHC HLG
C[IU LQLD GLGF GQ KZS CS]G COC ]H[HFO DHLJ GI RLCF L[D ]YZ S L[Y HD[ GQ
[HFG H]HCD CLDS LWO [HF ONDF PDQ[D S ]W[S CLDS LW OUH ]ONCS CLDS LW OU MQGD RNH
PLJ[NHQ PDQ[GO LOHCH GW[S HILCH GONCS HILC C[IU LQLD LGF GQ KZS CS]GH L[D ]YZ S RNH
LFHTL OGQ KW PDQ[ GU ]C[HG Z[ COC ]H[HFO GNOG CDSQ ]QC CLDS RLCF PHQ MN [WO
CKLO OYSDS C[EGQ G[H]G
JHL[ [QC C O C [W PDQ[G P GSQVTND PL[DFG FHTLH [G NN ]W[S ]JCH ]ONCS ]JC RLSUO D]N GQ
]HLJ X[GQ UH ]W[S HILCH ]ONCS HILC G[HQ CLDSG COC PFHZ HSKZS GQQ G[IJN
KO
]UF VTHL
]C[HGN ONG ]HW[S HC ]HONCS RGL]H RN]L ]H[HFO FHU FLJ ITZ QU DLH G[LJDG ]LD FHFGQ L[IU LDC [WTDH
OND COC ]HFH]D HUL GQ GNOGG G[QCS CO LN >L[LCQH PDQ[U PLSHC[G L[DF ]HKW RN RLC MC@ RQIG H]HCD CLDSG
COC [HYLZD [QHO JHL[O GLG ]W[S ]JCGH ]ONCS ]JCG UHDZ RLFG CHG MN [QCS PC LN H]UO G[HQ CLDSG [HFH [HF
COC ]ONCS ]LQLSWG GKHWN GSQG CLHZD GJSGG RQ ]HSO M[YHG UHFQ PEH CYHL OHTW PHQ COH CLG GNOG
RLSQ MN OU [LUGH GLQJS LQLD GLG GQ COC GKZS CO GSQGH GU ]C[HG CLG ]ONCS ]JC RLFG [ZLU ON GSHHNG LCFH
P GLG MN RNC
]ONCS ]JC ]HCKJ L] P HLG PLCHOLQF CLQHF ]H[HFG RLF GI RLSUD PLZH]Q PL[DF KGN GQH[] GQNJ MQD UH
RLC L[G GFJ GNOG RCN RLCH GDFSD GCDG GJSQD HFZ ]H[HFO MNO GDFS GCD ]CKJ RLCH OLCHG MC ]W[S ]JCH
GWL[O HILCH GOLNCO HILC G[HQ Z[ CLDSGH PLCHOLQF CSLSUD OONS ONG COC G]UQ [DF FJO LC[ CLDS
PL[Y [CN COC P[QCO RLSU RLC PUKGH PLUEW O [L ][LQC KLQG DLH G[LJDG ]LD PDQ[G
R]UD H[QCS HOC PLZHTW ]HWTH]D UQQ RNH GSQ VTN LWU GLQJS LQLD GLG PN PGD PLQJOS
]QZGD H[QC GQ PHQ G]LG PLUEW O [L ][LQC D]N L[ POHCH IC HU[C ]HU[HCQ PHQ
MOQO GSQ HOHN ]C PL[QHC RLC UHFQ PUK R]LO ML[Y COC ]H[HFO H[QCO L UQQH RNQG
RHC[ ]LDD RNH H[QC GQ PN FLQ] H]HC PL[QHC L[N KZS RN PE CDKL[G RNCH P
LN FU LN HSODZ ODC LTJQ G G]C LN FU Z[ H[QC UHFQ [WH PLDLHC PGO HLG COH HGH[QC
[LUGH GO DLDT PL[HDE PL GQOO H]KQ GSG [QCS GQ FESN ]HDL] PL L LTJQ G G]C
C[EG ]HGEG UH MSHUQ ]Q RHLOU PLT[HE RLC ILWO [LFGQG
LTJQ G G]C LN FU Z[ GI [HQIQ [QCL GKQG OU UQ ]CL[Z ][LQC RLSUO RN HQN HD]N LH@
>GO [HFLT EO QU Z [FT PG[FHDC U PL[HDE PL GQOO H]KQ GSG PHQ []HL COH
GQH ML[Y HSLC PNJ FLQO] G ]HN[DD H[QC PEG LSCEH LC[Z LSGO HGO [QC LHO RD UHGL LD[
GSLG PNJ FLQO]O P GSHHNG RCNQ GC[SH "M[HYG RQ G[]L G[LQD [GIGOH [LQJGO PHZQ
P]HC C[HZ PNJ FLQO] PE LNG HCOD ODC GSL RLFFSQ J] HOC L DD U [QHO ML[Y HSLC H]TSHC
HZT KO[ CEQ UH DLYSGO GF LQH[Q PLZHTW
]N[D CO MC Z IC CH[ZO L D]N RCNQH PHLD RLO MOHG GLG RCN L[D T[E IK PLWN ]CLS OG OL[GQ [WTD
PUHS LGLH COH OLWQG
GSLG PFHZ PLZHTW ][LQC LU PLZLIQG ]SEG RLSUD F ]HN[D ]UF VTHLD CDHQD UU
LN PC
[]HQ GSNT PHZQD JKUZ FHL UHD ZTWS RNH TH]G HD]N G[H] L[DFD ]HCW[]GO [HTC
U GI [DFD ZHOLJ RLC UQQ CL PHNU PDQ[G L[DFQ
CKLO [SICH G[EG RHO HIH
ULI T]J LHFLJQ VF JLSGO O[ G[Y ]UD LN GOYI R[UK LO]WS VTHL LD[ YGEGQ ODZ [CH
G[ZQG L[G RCNH LSC REGO X[]QF DU HK ]HUHD TQ OC ]NH GOHJG O HL]HC[Q ]J]
FOLO GZQ HC QQ GOHJ O
LDH [HKDH [HTC GF DU HK ]HUHD TH]D [CHDQ CGF H]OUQ FHDNO LO CLZ GQ L]UFL CO
]HULQZG RLSUO PLZTHWD P [CHDQ RNH ]FD ]HCW[]GO []HQ GSNT PHZQDF KUZ LT FHL
DDTZ HJ LHOG KD ]HD
Q
HK VF ]HUHD
]J] P]SL]S CO MC PFCO OLUHGO GOHNL PLZTHWG ][LQC ]HNI Z[H OON OLUHQ GI RLC [CHDQ PDQ[G L[DFQ [LUGO LH
]HULQZD QQ RLC H]KLO HGI PLZTHWG HD]N [DN MC [HTLCD P ELOWG HQNH RN ]HUO [HTC H]KLOH GOHJG
JHZLW LSWQ FQHUG [DF MO RLC L[G COLQQH P C[EGD UH ]OUH] PGD L OI[ L[DFD [CHDQG LWO ODC HNH PLJODH
GSNT PHZQD RN ]HUO H[L]G MNOH WS
PLOG] LZ[W [QHC PC ODC GOHET M[FD PLOG]Q [HQIQ HC G[H]GQ PLZHTW [QHO RCN [CHDQG ONH
[L LHO RD UHGL [ C[Z FYLN HZG GIH []HQ GSNT HD RLC GOHJO VC GOHJG OU GOLW] M[FD
CKLO LZTDLSZ J[EGQ D]NQ LWU GOLW] ][H]D CO GOHET ][H]D C[Z HGO PLZ LN PLUEW O
]H[HFO HU] RNH
LFHGL ON OGZG LSWO JJG [QC RLFC[D GDLLG O FJG RLSDG O ]LDG ]NHSJ ]JQD
DLLJ [HFH [HF ON ]H[HFO DL]N HU] RNH FZQG RLSDD ZOJ HO CGL ML[Y [HFH [HF OND
F ]HIN[]Q HD PHZQ H]HCD LSWQ FZQ G CLG GDLLG HSLQLD FZQG ]LD ]C ]HSDO
[QHJ PLI[C LYUH PLH[D LYUQ FZQG GQO GSD MNO G[H GSLNG P GNOG O ]HQC
]LDG ZFDD PLZHTU HLGL [HFH [HF ON LFN PLSG MQD DZ[SH MOHG
E MOQO LUQ D L]HZHJD PLLJ XWJ
PLQD HLDCO RLHNL FDODH KLUQQG FJCH GD[QG FJC FQOQ
HO RLS]HS KUHQ [DF COC HFLD GOU CO WUC JH[KO OHNL GLG GQ ON G[H]D J[K PFC
ON FQO FJCF JNHQ LQOH[LDH C[EC C[UY PHWOF GD[G HFLD GOUH H]HQN J[K H]HCN
[N HO R]HS GDZG GS PL[UD FQO FJCH GOLOH PHL UEL GLGH GS GCQO G[H]G
GS GCQO FHQOO OHNL ZL]H FLQO] RLC GQ GS GSHQH PL[UO G[H]D RHD [ UEL GHD
ONN ]HUOH FHQOO ZHTUL PFC Z[ PLDHK PLUQ ONDH GZFY LS]HSD RLFG CHGF LSLUD GC[SH
H UQ ]CL[Z OG UH[I [HC HSHZ LSWO HSQLG GOUQO RLC ]HUO ONHL [C
HDO RLHNL FDODH KLUQQG FJCH GD[QG FJC H[QC GQ OU CJTL[WQ OI D[G PD
OQO OI CHG X[L]H VLFU LWK PLQ PO RLHHNQ GD[QG PE LC C RQLT IKG GZGH HN
CD D[ RQIO FU ]HULSQH ]HDLT HO HLG LSGH FLQ CD FJCGH FJC M[FO HUTS PL[JHT LS
FNU GLG GLG GQ RN PE L]CD [JCQ DLGH G]U FU ]CD CO GI GQ HGHOCH RN PE
[]HL [W COH
]LGO RHHNQ GLGL GLGL HLUQ ]LON]H VHT HDO RHHNL FDODH [LW KHW GC[SH
HDO RHHNO HLUQ HOLUHL Z[ GD[G ]HULEL LU HC KUQ GFHDU LU GI HO CD RLD LHC[N
HSD[Z D[Z]S [JCQ GJSQ RD[ZG OU GI [QCS RCN PE L[G FCQ PLSHNS PL[DFGH PLQO
VHT LN KLUQQH GD[Q GLG RLD GSLQCZWS RLC RN PC [DF VHTH RHHNQG ]LON] GIH ]LGO
CQ
]UF VTHL
[JC MQS ]HLGO RD[ZG RLSUN HDO RHHNL H[LW HQYU GIH ]LGO D[Z]L FJC ONG
CO[] C[ZLH ]QC ]W [DF OND R]LS ]L H]HLJ CHGH [HG
DLLQ U VLFU GD[QG RN PC PLQO H]SHHN GD[QG PE LC MWS GQQ GZG IKD
KLUQQO GD[Q RLD [WG RLC ]QCD LN C]LO C[ZLUQ CLHZF GC[S NWUC ]UFH PUK DHKD
]QC RHY[ ]H[[HU]GD Z[ LHDL[D QS RLC C[HDG ]FHDUD LN DHKO PLSHHN]Q PGLS PC VC
[]HL DHJ [WC KUQGD RHHNQH GD[G ]HUO OHNL HSLC LQ GD[FCH DOD
]HD[]G LN GU[G LQLH GDHKG LQL RLSUD
KLUQQ H
GD[Q
H[LWG GC[S ]QCDH
FJC GSZD PGLS GU[G LQLD PLUQG ]HKUQ]GH PFCG DO ]HJL]W ]UD PLDHKPLUQG
RLD[Q [FC TSNSQ C[QEG [WO OI HFZG RLODHOQ D[G PD H[QC RLSUN CHGH PLOHU
RCN [WS RNH GCQHKG FY KUQOH GHFZG FY ]HD[GO [LWH GJQD RLKUQQ DCH GJQD
HO[] P C RQLT JHCD IKG L[DFD RLOONS HOC PL[DF PEH
CLQ LWON GSQ GCQ LO MN [SLF LO MNF RD[ZG O LHHL [WG OU GSHHNG RLC LCFHDH
GID RO UQQZ LCQH
]OUQ GOFE LCFHD LN DHJ RD[Z ]HOUGO ]UF HO RLC KLUQQG OU PE P]SHHN ]QCD RNC
[JHD HQHZQ ]C [LNQ LQ NWUC JQHYG ]COUG GIH LJG ]COUG CHG GJSQG OU GOHUG
VN COQ DHK ZHTWD [FQD H[QC HQN H]EL[FQQ GOUQO XHWZOQ ]QCD GLGL [C KUQD
RLDQ LFL OU ]HD[GO GYH[ HSLC HSLLG PLQ PO KLUQQG JHCD IKG D]N RNH HNH ]JS
CHG HWS DL[ZG HOLCN []HL HLSWO DHJ ]QCRHY[G GIH KUQG GI DHKD []HL GUL
DQ[] P OSN LJ G ]EL[FQQ GOUQO [DFQ
HGUF MLN[F OND ZHTW OU PDQ[G D]N HSLYQ GL]HHNFH GN UGCD IKG RHO HIH@
HQN [N HO L ]LG ]FHDUO ZIJH L[D GLGL LFN HWS RFUQH G]HH ONHC LQ HSLLGF
PLQNJ FLQO] L HSLLGF HEH PHZ LQLNQ PNO CH C[ZC PL]NQTC HOC PL[DFH GSU]Q
ZIJG JN PGO GLGL LFN GD[G PLSL J] LH GD[G G[H]D PLZTHUH PGLSLUQ GSL RLFFSQ
]HU LSD ZTHUH [UKYQ GI GQ ]JC GUD FHQOO OHNL ]QCDH G[H]D ZHTUO DO ]HIL[IH
PL[UKYQ P]C PNO PSJD HSLLGF PNO CH [QC RN OU GHD [N PGO L PGLS LCFHDH
GSL HFLFLO G R]L RN LN PSJD GI PN]S PLKUQQH GOLOD ]D L[JCQH [ZHDD PLQLNQH
KUQQ H]HC HQN G[H]D HZOJ GDZG HO R]HS G[H]D HJQ ZIJL LFN GD[G RL LQ HSLLGF
GDJQG [JC MOHG ONG LN HQYU [UKYQH GSLD
LZ ]HJSQD CDHQD UUH >HSZ VF ]ZJ VTHL DZUL ]HFOH] UU
IK VF
LC GC[S G[HCNO RS] HOC ONQ FJCD [QC RQJS D[ RS] HOC OND [QC CSHG D[ [Q]LC
G[IUG OU VLTHGO PFC ON FLD RLC MWGO RNH MOQ CGL PC HOLWC GFH] ]HOJ COO FZO [WC
DQ