XUHS R]SHGL HSD[ H[LWN [LW CO GC[SH UIUFIQ HSLCH GGHH UZ[ZD HLOE[ LS[WY XUHS D]N CLF DHTLC PDQ[G
UZ[ZD PLS[WY [U XHUSO CC PLOE[D HOLC [U RHOG KWNH HLFL LS[WY OU [LW CO UHFQ IC LN [UKYL LFN
UIUFIL CO LFNH GSQQ GSGL CO LFN UZ[ZD HLOE[ ]HYZ XUHS [WQ GC[SNH
L[WN CDKL[
LHZD H[WO CO HQYUD FHQUO H[YL ]C HDNO MNO GNI HL[CH GLDHKH
MWGO [DCG P RN D[U RHOD D]NH DLKH T[E MH[UGH
O GU[W PHOJF ]HDHKG PLODG HQN H]HCL[DH HWZH] H[LW HDHK ]HQL FU [QHON GLDHK OL CQ GLEGO HSCD HOLCH
H]CSGH H]DHK UQQD PE [DCG
L
GDH[Q GCSGD [WH ]KUHQ GCSGD H[WO HO GLG DLLJ LCQC FLQ L[W LN ][QCF CGH
G U Q G WUC [QHON GSGS RN DLLJ ]HL[UH PLDOJD ZTU]QG ]HQHZQ [CDH DW[ RLHFZD H[QC M[FN [WO
GULEQG G C S G G CHG G[H] G[TC [HTLCG PYU ]HL[UH GOLNC L[HTLC PLSH G[H]G OND HL[JC TJLLL]Q HSLC ZTU]Q O
H[WO DLLJ L[G THSC CHG GUQG PYU OU WUC RCN VCH FHUH LGZH FNZ JHC CHIJ U PLSH[JCG H[W RN HLOC
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RLSUG
[HDUL OCH E[GL RLF RLSUO LJ [DCD GL[W RLSUO DI GQO ]JSQD UUH
[QC GLZIJ [QC ROSQ FLQ L[WLS COF L]CQKS HO G[QCH G[HGKG PU QQO G[GIC DU
GGH CHGH L]CQKS HO ][QHCN [QHON HLOU CG] G]FS ]UD HOLWC HLOU G]FS LG]H C[Z
CEQ RD L[ HLOU GGH G]FLS ]CYQS CHG HQN
KL VF
FJ]S [DF OLDD COC ]LSS CO ]LSSH G[QCS G[W ON OCUQL LD[ LDF CS]FN
CJ ]HD CZU[EG D]N RN ]LSSH G[QCS G[W ON F GI OON [DHT HSLC >COHUF CDLOC@ [IULOC LD[ UQQ GD
CSZH E GKHT TH]D CDHQ LQOH[LD H]KL PU [DFG PCH]H CU DJ UGC [WHT P]J ]DH]D ]HKLWD KZS RNH DNZ
CLEHTD U OCUQL LD[N COFH GDHJ H]C ]C
CDLZU LD[ VC GC[S RDQ[DH [H]LGQ [JC [DF H[FO RLCN Z[ [HQC GI COC OCUQL LD[ LDFN [DHT GC[S CDKL[DH
RN [DHT
RN
CQKS DCG ]ULFLD M[HY RLC CQOU LOHNOH HGLLSLD CNLC RL[HF ]HUQQ [QC RSJHL LD[H
JJO ]HNOG LKHZOD [W RNH CEQ RD L[ D]N
CZHF HCO X[D [QC GQ LQS LNG PLHTQG CKJD GULFL ML[Y RLC CQOUD [IULOC LD[ ]KLO Z[ GI CQ RLLUO LH
CQKS GQQ UFL ML[Y RCN PE RN]L PLHTQG CKJG UFL ML[Y PHZQ OND [DHTG UHGL LD[O ODC
GNCOQ HILC UFL ML[Y ]D RLSUO UHGL LD[ [DHT PEGH [H[LDD HO UHFL HCKJ L[G RCN GFHQ UHGL LD[ PE [WC HC
GQD RO ]WNC CO MNOG G[LDUG VHEQ GCQHKG RLC L[G GSH RCN ]D OHOLJ [HTLC ]ULFLD LF RLCH KL ]H]L[N GU
ML[Y VHTD GULFL RLSUO HL[DFD UQQ PDQ[G L[DFQ RN GC[S RLC MC GI FYN GC[S PL[DFG ]HKWQ LN PCH CQKS
CQKS GQD UFL ML[Y RLC ZU[N ZTW GOLJ]D GULFL RLSUO Z[H CKJ GQD UFL ML[Y G[H]G ONDNH CQKS GQD UFL
PL[HCDH PLHFJ LWU UYH QJO UH
S
KL VF ]HUHD
L[W CZ FZQQ LC DLLJH HFLD GCQHK POUG L[G L[W CZ GCQHKQ LC RSLIJ LC D[ [QC
PHQ COC FZQQ L[W PHON LC D[O CSLD[ GLO [QC [HKWH HFLD FZQ POUG L[G
]KLO PCG CHG P]ZHOJQ FHTL CS CO COC FZQ PHQ COC GCQHKQ L[W PHON GCQHK
[DF H]HC HO UFHSN PC CHG L[ZLUG POUGO FFHQGH@ HFLD L[ZLUG POUGG [JC MOLO L LC D[
[ PD VTHS H[LW CDKL[D UH TH]D H[CD HQNH MWGO CO MC HSQQ POUS LSG [DFD PE [NIS CHG
MND OFDG RLC PLJHN PGLS PHZQ ONQ RHLN L[ZLUG CHG ]HQOUGG RQ FJC LW OU VC HC >GLFLFL
COHZO PGLS CSLD[O PL[QHC LH RSLIJ GF U ]D TH] LWU ZWTD PGLSH GIQ []HL JHN GI
[IS LSDC ]H UH C[G TH] CDKL[ L[D QN > [HKWH HFLD FZQ POUG L[G G D [ F C CD[ ][DTNH@
[HKWO PLQUK LS D]N IKKWZ QHJ
GQOUGG [ZLU LGQ JLNHGO RLC H]UFO POUGG [ZLU HGQ UFLO LC D[ [QC F F H Q G OU ZOJS CSLD[ [W CEQ RD L[H
GQOUGG HILC GLC[ HI RLCH [HW CHG MNOH LSG RH]SG ]C PE [NIS CHG HI G[NIG LU LN [HWH FJC RH]S HO PL[LNIQ LU
]L[ZLUG HOYC G]LG
UFL CO RHLN TSHCO DH[Z CHG LSWQ FZQ POUG [HKW PUK PCG [WO L ZWTG LFFY LQUKDH
DH[Z CHG PHQ [HKWG PUK CQ HC [HKW GIH GI POUGD PE GI LWOH [GIGO HO GLG CO FZQ GI
]HUHDO PLKHZO CHIJ DLLJ GIH GI POUGD GI LWOH [GIGO HO GLG GCQHKG HSQQ GQOUS CO RHLN FLIQO
FN
[QHO L [JC RWHCD [LW JH]DH DOJ POUGQ CS LCQ FLIQO HC TSHCO DH[Z DJLL FHZ [D POUG UHFQ L]SDG CO
]HNL[CD UH CKHJ GLG UFHS HOLC PE PC GCQHK POUG DJS RLC RN]L GCQHK POUGD Z[ DLLJO CLG DH]NG ][IEH OLCHG
PL[HCDH PLHFJD
PC HOLWCH RSLZTU LCQD CNG CD[ [QC "CHG CQK MWS GQQ "C]QLLZD HOLWCH DU
L PEH [HGK PLD[G ]H[D GCQHK ZWT L[G@ H[GLKH PNJO OC RHC[G OLDD MOG [JCO
[DU G]U NLWUC GU G]HCD FZQO TSNGOH PLFZ OHNCO HO []HQ GLGH >G[GK ]ZIJ PFCO
FL[HQH GOUQ ZWTG PHQ GOLJ] HGH[L]G []GG RLCH CQK CHG G[HQE ]HCFHD UFHL COG LSD
F DC [L L[UD [DFG [DTGD UUH C[GQD UH P O[GQDH PCH GF IN ]HDH]ND TH] LWU G]U HSLFO
TH]G ]KLQ ]HKSO >PDQ[G ]UFD@ HD]N FKT IGT EJH DC CJ [IULJCDH HCL ]HEE JQ [HC [WTD
TSNGO HO []HQ GLG L[G PL]SLD ODKN RD[Z DLLJ]L CO RNC PLD[G]H[ CHG OLDD [QHOH
GSLC LSG OLDO GTLSNG ]HKWD KZS DLJ] FHL [IS LSDCDH@ MN OU DLLJ]L FYLNH LSG OLDO
GLG PGLSD MOHG GLG COHOH FLJLG ]H[ LOLDD [DHFQ RCNH >UYH L[]TF L][] PHQ []GD
[LISG PC PLJTWF JWT [LISF JW LQOH[LD ]ZHOJQD LHS GI RLFH CQK HZWT PEG RD[ZQ [HKW
]CLD PHQ GLOU RLDLLJ RLC GLOU JOEQ [LISG RLC GCQHK ON L[GH LG[D GCQHK ZWT OU JOEQ
POHCH FZQ ]CLD OU DLLJO RLC LG[D GCQHK ZWTD [DHT PDQ[G L[DFQ HZLLF RNH FZQ
ML[Y ZWT ]ULFL HI UHFQH LCFHD CQK CHG UFHL VCH@ DLLJ ]HQHZQ FHUDH RCN TH]G ]KL
>]LCFH GSLC RD[Z]DLLJQGGCQHK ]ULFL [QHO
GLHO] HI GOC HCL ]HEE L[IU LDC TG OU J[EG LHFJ FLDLC [L L[U CFO DC CJ [IULJC ]HD GID UH
ZDD CDHQD GI RLSUD UUH U[C MN ]HCLYQD GLO] HC GFJ GCQHKN LGHI PC CQK LG[D GCQHK ZWT O GNOGG ][FEGD
P PDQ[GH [G LH[WDH FDL G[W GSQ UH GS DDDH CL
CS
]UF VTHL
]YZQ GLO CLHGF RHC[D MOG JN LSD MOG GUDH RHC[D MOG RHEN RSLZTU LCQD CNG
H]ULFL LWO LW OU VC GULFL ONN GULFL ]YZQ RSL[QC [DT CQZ CS] LEOWLQZ CGDH GULFL
GULFL RCN L RNLG RN PCH [HGK PLD[G ]H[D GCQHK ZWT L[G CHG [HGK RLLFU GU G]HCD
"CQKS
OLDD MOG UFL GOLJ]D LN GI [JC GID ]HULFL L]D ]HZLWTG LS OU UFL RHLN PHZQ ONQ
HOLC RNCH GULFLN GI DJS CQK LCFH CHG RGL] VH[LYD COGH LSD MOG UFL NJCH RHC[G
OON G C Q H K ]ULFL RCN RLC L[G GULFL ]YZQ HOLWC GI RLC POHN ]UFO FJC OLDQ Z[ UFL
PE MOL PC UFHL RHLN GI RHSETD HC KL ]H]L[N DHJH ]QC ]WD UUH U PL[HCDH PLHFJ LWU [HQCN
CKLO [ILH FL[G GULFL ]YZQ HI L[G LCFHD CQKL LSG OLDD
CQQ ]HQDLD RCN
]HFJC PLQUW L Z O L [ [QC HI RHON LD[ GS RCN LZO L[ [QCH
KN QD GS ZD CN RLKE ]HOLDZQDH
> JY ]HDH]ND GHDC [D GD[ PD RQJS D[ OYC RNH S UH DLCL ]HQDLD VTHL D[ LWQ GI LHKLD HSCYQ RNH@
LLO Z[W
UDS HLOUH HLSWO JSHQ PLHTQ ONCQ [DHFQ HC ONHC CO G]U H[LW ONHC COH ONHC GUHD
]UHD COH CH ]UHD HI L[GH H]UHDD QQ RLC POHUOH PLONCQG ON OU UDS PC POHUO
LSLC GF GN TH] LWU RD[Z GLOU PLDLLJ LHKLD
PC ODC RQIG OLDEGN Z[ HGI GOLNC OOND GL] LN VCH GOLNC COO GL] OU Z[ PLLZ]GO OHNL D]N PLLJ ][H]D C
TH]GN [WO HSJ[N OUH G]C COH ONHC CO CWLTGQ GZ RLLFU PSQCH GL]Q USQGO H]SHHN RLC LCFH POHUO UDS
OC[L ][CW]D D]N RN
OU UDSG RLFNH HDOD GLG RQI GQNO [WO RQCS [QE GF HN TH]G ]UFO ONHC CO P]T [QC PC GC[S G[HCNO D
[QE PC CZHF P HD]N PLSHC[ FHUH RDQ[G POHCH PLKJ ]WD COC [HTC HSLC RLKJ ]W OU HDOD [QEH P]T ]W
[TCGO H]UFD GLG CO LN VC P]T ]W COC [QHO GY[ CO GOLJ]NOQ PC ODC HL[DF PLLT COH TSCSH PLKJ ]W [QHO HDOD
GUHDG RLC PLFHQ ONG GID CQ ODEHQ RQIO HDODH P]T ONHC CO [QHCD UY HI GUFOH ]W OND [HTC PLKJ ]WQ COC
HN ROGO UUH PFC ON DODH HDODN LHGF POHUO
PDQ[G HD]N PLQNJ ]UFOH "DLLJ GI DLLJ CHG CHG ON ONHCD HSLYQ RNLG HO H[QC
RSJHL LD[N G[H]G RQ [HTC [HUL LYJ PE RL[HTLC [CN GI L[G VL[G OU R[GH C[GH CF ]HUHD
HLOU DLLJ HSLC COC CQHLF JW[
LSDCD [CDH ]HJW COH ]LIN OU COC [HTCO RHHN]S CO L[G [DFG PUK OU GQ] DLZT JO[ MG@
H[LWD [QCL PC HOLWC RNOH G[H] G[TC RL[HTLC [CQ U[E CO GUHD [HTLC FL GDH]D PLCHOLQ
LYJ FHUO V[KYGO LHC[ L[G FHUH [HUL LYJ OHNCO HO [HTC ]LIND COC HQYU OU [THC HSLC
UDSG [HWQ IN OLSHOQ L[D RLHYL ][JC M[F E[ KS[EG LHFJD UH [HUL LYJD [HTC RNOH ]LIN
RNH GFH GQ PSQC GF CN ZJYL [NI HK [LCL ]HJ UUH GDH[D GOLJ]NO []HQ GOHN UQQ GSONCL CO [NNG OU
>CF ]HUHD GCLQJ L[IU LDC CO LTHT GQO ]JSQ ]HUHDD
DS
KL VF ]HUHD
COH ]LIN COC H]UHDD OHON RLC LN RSD[FQ CO VC [HTC HSLC PLQNJO [QHC LQ L POHCH
GSQD GI RLSUD R]SH CS [DNH [HQCN HL[DFQ HD [IJ VL[G OU HH[LWD COC HLHFJD R[G NNH RDQ[G ]UF RN ]HJW
CF ]HUHD MOQO
RQLT HC GDLT CLG PCG G[H]GQ [HUL LYJ [HTCO CQHLO JW[ H[QC LWH[KYCO LIJ ][DT [HCDD P]ZHOJQ PLOH] L
]OLNC L[G ]LINQ ]HJWD C[HTLCF CYWJ RLC RCN RH[JCG GI [FE LWO [HUL LYJD VC CYQS C[HTLCF CYWJ MNO
[]HQ ]HJW COH [TC ]LIN
UD] HQDH MN [JCH ZDF] HDH FDU]
b
H]C
b C[L] CG ]C [QHC DH]NGH
FDU] H]C DHLC VTHL PG[DC PLZOC C[L RGD DH]N GO R]HCN GLG] C[L] CG ]C
MLTNSQ P]HC GSG]H PLQNJ LFLQO] FDN] ZDF] HDH ]HYQDH G[H]D ZTHU GLG]
L PC ]QCD HOLWC HQD UDGO PNO L][]G PL[HDT HLG] CO OC[LO GQ PGO [QC
]QCD HOLWC UDO RLC[ PNSLC HCO PCH UDO PLC[ P]C HOCG ]HFQG ON PND
UDGO PFCO GWL HSLC ]QCG OU HOLWC HSL]HD[ H[QC
FYLN CH O CLGH ]QC ]UHD OU HD[JS POHNH ]H[LLU PLWOC P HLG MOQG [GD GUQ
RLHUH PLNOHGH G]CH ONHCH LSHOW PHZQO MOHG LSC GUHD H[DJO [QHC PFC GLG
GQNH GQN ]JC OU [ZO UDSG MN ]QCD UDSG GQH HD[JS POHNH P]UHD PLQLLZQH
I C[ZLH CQHJS] [FQ
KO ROGO CDHQDH GWT GUQG FHJL [U ]HDDOG ]DHJ UUH
GZ CLG LN PGO GC[C LSCH GOHFE G[LDU GU CO CHO PG CHSG LN PLDHJ PLD[H
JHY[O ]U ON ONHL CO ]HZ ]H[LDU PG VCHSGH JYH[G LN HL[JC PLCDG RLHCOG ONQ
MN ONH [WTQ RLC ]HUHD FJC PHLD UDL CHO UDGO HQYU OLE[G [CH FJWL LN VHCSOH
UDL IC G]U ]UDS GQO HSJLNH] G]C PCH UDS UFL CO ]CIG G[LDUD OLE[ CHG
]HJY RHO PGO CHGH GUHDG HQLFZL H[DFL [HDF ON LSWO LN GD H]OLE[ DH[Q UDS CO
OU GNQ VLTHGOH ]HOEG ML[CGO ZLWT] GFDO G[LDUG ]CI Z[ OC[LD GLG CO HOLCH
RN VCHSG PE H]QZSD H]HC] COQ HDLHC JY[ PC JYH[G LN PSHUE GC[C LSCH HSL]HNQ
[ZO UDSG GSGH PZS]GO HC ]HY[]GO [Z FUH HN[YO ]HCSG CYQ DSHEGH H]U LWO
HO L GCSG COD CLTG[WD PLQ P OOJQ CHG GUHD HLOU RLC ]U OND
HN ]HQ C[IU RDC
N VF
COH HQN GQNTGLCN RG RCN HQN G[YWGN RG OI[ RHOD QQ D[T OUHWG OHNCO HD RLD[TQ
OUHWO QQ FJC OUHW L[G EL GKHT RD[T GQN FLQO] RNH ]HN[DF GW GU G]HCD RD[T CGL
G[YWGO ]HCS HSLC [YWHQG OUWSOH [LYWQG
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