GUHDG OU RL[WQ COC GUHD OLKGO CO RLF L]DD PHLN ODHZQG EGHSG RLSLLFG ]UHD
QU HK M[N PLLSD[ RLF LZTW LWU GUHDG ]J] PHNTG RQ LON POQ GUHD DLLJ]S UD]SG [QHON
H QU NKL PLWLUT C Z[W K [U CJ ]HSHQQ LSLF EOZ DJ OCLNOQ L[DF ]HDH DDL QHJD UH FHUH
PLOLE[G LH FCQ C[HS CHG GI [HQJ RHUD OHIOIG GUHDD G[QHJG VZH] ON PU CHG COWGH
RLF]LDD RLFO PLCDN PE GQH PGL[DJ PU PL[DFH RLF PGO LN GQNH GQN ]JC OUH FLQ] GID
UE[D PHQ PLFFYG LFLQ FHZ L[WT LSLQ ON CLYHGO RLFG ]LDD PLOF]Q HSC PHL OND PLUQH
U[EO ]HSHQQ LSLF MH]Q GQLGFQ ]UF ]HOZD ]H[ LOD HOLWC PLUDSH PLYWHZ [WT PGLSWO PLCH[
JQ] QU CJ CKLO L[YD
KO VF
C RLC PL[DF ]FQO CG C] CO LSLTD GDZG [QC GUD UIUFIS HOHN POHUG ON
HQNH ]QC HQ]HJ ]HQOHUG ON C[HD GDZG LSWQ R]HC GONQ [Z ]UHD R]HC RLONQ PLQH
]C G[Q G ]UHD LFL OU [ZG ]C ]QCQ GIH G]HLJH GQHLZ JNH GCL[DG P]HJ CLG ]QCG RN
GONQH DL[JQ CHG H]QHUO G[HG [ZG GCL[DG ]HLJ CHG ]QCG HQN RN OUH ]QCG PHZQD [ZG
C[GQD HI M[F OUH FU QU ]HUHD OCHQQ P LWU HJ GCL[DG ON ]C
GQC RLCN PE GCL[DG ]HCLYQD CHG PEWG PLSUS POHUG LZLFY VC GUHDD ROGO [CHDQO PUK R]LO GID LH
L ]H[LDU GD[GQ []HL PLQ LFLD [HQJ GSU RLF ]LD ]]LQ GD RLC WUC CHO GUHDGH
]C ]OOJH [ZO LQD HUD] COH [QCS PG ]C OOJQ [ZO UDSG LN RLF ]LD ]H]LQ RGD
OU COC ]H[LDUG RQ ]JC OU RN D]NS COH ]H[LDUG ONQ GOUQO HSU PG OHOJH MLZOC P
RULDH RUL G[I GFHDU ][GIC [JC [ZO GUHDG ][GIC GD]NSH G[IGFHDU OUH [ZO GUHDG
SHUQ [HQJ RLF ]LDD [ZO UDSG RHU LN ]LG OHOLJ RHU GLWSND CYQS [ZO GUHDG LN
PG OHOJ LSWQ []TD IU FDHUG
GUHDG HLOU ODZO [HTC CH [DF HLW [C UFHL CHGH GUHD UDGO PFCG ]C RLF ]LD HDLLJ PCH
OOND LH C] CO [QCS UDGO HDDOD RLC WUC H[LDJ ]C FLJWG RUQO UDC LNSC [QCO
CHO UDGO ODZ] CO HUQQ
H]ULD] OU OHWNLH GSQ HO DLLJ H[LDJ GLG RHEN HSHHU OHFE PSJ H[LDJ ]C ULDGO DDTQG RNH
CO [C PSJ OU H[LDJ ]C UDH] HC G[H]G ]UHD UDGO ]YZQO H]CFHG OU RLFG HZ CYL RUQO
HLOUH ]HL[DG ]UF DSHE DSE C[ZS LCG GI LN HSL]HD[ H[QCH ]TLG ]UHD HULDQH HGOCL UFL
G PCS GL]CYHG [QCS
GUHDG RQ HWS MHJOH USQGO HO L H]UHD OU PFC LSD HGHFJL UDL PC UFHL CHG LQH
GQD GSHL HSD[O GDH] L[U H]C ]QCG LN PE PLQ FHDNO
OU D[J POHUG CGL CO LFN LHSND COH PD CO HLNU RLULDQ RLC PLSHCEG HSZ] L]UQ
]HKQH ]H[S LHDNH ]H[WHD HLOU RLQL[JQH H]HC PLOOZQH H]HC RLQL[JQ COC HD[ PLCKHJG LFL
FLZ
KO VF ]HUHD
PLQHLCGH GUDGG [FT KH[LWD GC[H ELCL ]HUHD OG FDC[
CKJL HQYUO CKJL PC HLOU PLLCO ]HLHWN
RHCE LCG D[Q DN G [U FJ ZFY L[U PLSHCEG ]HDH]D
MOQO OQ LSW OU PL[JC PLGOC MO GLGL CO [HTLCD HOLWC RLC [Z ]UHDD [HQJ FY L
GLOU ]ODZQ GSLC ][JC [LU HOLCH [JC MOQ GLOU GNLOQQH HD ]F[HQ H]SLFQD ]JC [LU GSLFQG
GSLJDD OON ]H]LQC HD RLCH CHG [Z O MOQ ][QHCH GNOQ ]C GIDQ CLG COC [JC MOQ
PO OHOLJ L [Z ]UHDD RNH QQ H]HNOQ FHDN ]C GOOLJ []HL [HQJ HI O RHHU ]QLHTQ
KO Z[W EC[WQ O[GQO OC[L ][CW] LWU LJNQD RN RLC GQ HQYUD PLQ
RLF ]LDD PFC RLULDQ RLC RNH P[J PLS]HS RLCH HOHN POHUG ONQH HSQQ RCNH
GUHD SHU CLDGO []HLD RLHJ D[] JHC CQ[G ]GEGD CDHQ OL[GQ PL[HWLNG PHL [JC FU GDH]
GOUQO RLF RLC GKQO RLF LNH HFL ]J]Q GOLIE CLYHGOH KHWO GHYQ PLSW ON OUH@ HJ POHUO
>P G[H[D GSQ
LQL ][UD
COGH HODZ O HQLLZ PLFZG UHFQ GZ KWG LW OU LN [DN HODZ GQ HQLLZ HODZH HQLZ
PLLJ ][H] GQHFZG P]ODZ ]C HQLLZ CD [FGO COC PHLZO ]QFHZ GODZG
CLG VC RLSLLFG ]UHD LQS [QCZH RHO OND RL[QCS HOC RS]FN G[QCS GSHOD CLG VC LCQ
VC H CZHF FZG RHOD GSHOD PLSHC[ [CN COF [W CEQ RD L[ G[QCS GSHOD
FZG RHOD PL[QCS HOCH CWLTD P HS GQ OU TJLL]Q
RHOD COC PLULDQ RLC H[HG HSL]HD[ ODC CEQ RD L[G O HFLQO] PDQ[G GCLDG HI GUF@
ML[Y FZG RHOD UDGO RLSLF L]D OND HEGS LW OU VCH HI GC[HG OU MHQTO LHC[ RLCH FZG
RLFG RQ PLZTHWH PLSHC[ [C ]UF RNH GUHDG RHO [LNQ CGL FU UDSG ]C ULFHGO
RLDQ CHG RHO OND ]LUS PLSLLFG ]UHD
L[LCQG KZS RNH@ GOLJ]NO COC HSLC PCG CEQ RD L[ ]KLO GSQPJOGH GSQVTNG HZOJSH
GDO CJ JHC GQ ]H[EC ]H UUH [KWS CO ]HSHO [CD HULDG FDULFD VC HC >H]UFD
L[ RHU[W COD GZSQ HSLC PLDO HOLWC GUHDDH PLD RSLCO GZSQ HSLCH PLDO CHG GZSQ
]H]LQ LDLLJH ]H]L[N LDLLJ POHCH@ RL[HTL COO VC PL[WNQ PL[HWLNG PHLH GDH] RLHCO [CN CO
C[GQG L[DFD UYH RDQ[ LWU >GW CQHLDN G[WNG PLZ[QQ RL[HTLG
PLZLFYO H]JWQF PLZLFY RLD CQOUF PLU[O H]JWQF PLU[ RLD CNLC LCQ DU
HQN@ HLOU RLWJQG HOC GJWQF PLU[ GSHHNG COC GJWQ ]D[HZD LHO] [DFG RLC CQOUF
G O H N H HLOU RLWJQ LSWQ RLTNHQ GOHN RLC TNHQ GD L GJWQ MO RLC OLUO H[QC
PLZLFY PLWJQ PSLC PE MC PLJHQ PSLCH ]HJQO PFLD L HOC CQOUF PLU[ >CZHF HCO
CLEHTG [DTGD FHU UH PLLJ ][H] OLUHG COH HJLQ HC ]HJQO PFLD RLC HOC CQOUFH H]JWQF
]HK[WD
]HJQO PFLD L LWUC PL[HKW PLZLFY CEQ RD L[G L[DFD UY
HKZ
]UF VTHL
FQOQ CLS]FN LCQC GLO UDQ CZF CHGG COC C[HTLCD LCZ UD]Q CZF CHGG CQOD
PL[HQC PL[DFG [WO P] HSD[Q CLDG JLCL ]HUHD ]HLSHQLLQ ]HGEGD PGLS OU GUHD GOJ
COH GI ONO P[E GUHD SHU ULDQG OU L L[G [ZO UDS PC [ZD RLD ]QC ]UHDD RLD
OUH HULDG CH ]UHD SHU ULDQG OU L ]QCD UDS PCH GOLJ]Q HQU R]LOH CLO HO GLG
QQ RLFN CO GOG HUD] MND CKJ CO WUC@ HFL OU GOEOE]S PSLJD GUHD SHU L UDSG
>DLLJ LU GDHJ RLOEOEQ RLSUN RHHUQ GZHSQ HSLC
RLDQ COC RWHC OND PLSUS PGLS RCN GSHHNG RLC TH]G PD ]HLSHQLLQ ]HGEGD D]N DHH
SHU ]QCD UDS PCH HLOU OJ GUHDG SHU [ZO UDS PC SHU COD RLCYHL RLC PGLS
OU SHUG PLQUW L [D]TQ VLTHGH CDKL[G D]N RNH FHUH J[ [W RNH ULDQG OU CD CH ]UHD
RLFN CO UDS UFHLH GUHD HLOU MWGQ H[DJN QQ PGLS
L[DF ]C [CG RLD CLDGH CLG G[LDU ]QC ]UHD HOLWC POHUG LWD OLE[ GQ JLNHGO ML[CG Y QHJ [WHT P]J ]HDH
RCN C[QEG
PLLTH T]JG CLDG ]HJNHGG [C OU [LUG RNH OSG PLSHC[G ]ZHOJQD LHS [DFG [LUG CQZ HJ LHOG KD ]HDH
LSWQ FZ L[[GD H]FTL TJG R[Q [LNIG ]QCD HOLWC UDGO CO PLHFZ OC[L O EGSQG [ZLU ZWT RLCH HL[DF
LSHQN LSUO UYH H[LW ML[Y PL[DFG FHTLD TJG M[F ODC PLQ P ][NIG O RLSU [QHJ
[QCS CO PC RHQQ FTWG PHZQD ]QC OU UDGO HFLWZG CO LSLCF CDH[ OIJ RQID JLNHGO L G[HCNO [LUGO L FHU
LQ ONO POL UD]SG DH[ LW OU HI GSZ]Q CYL [WHN CHGH H]HC RLUDH] LQ ON OU Q ROGO ]TLG ]UHD HSZ]N L[G RN
GHQ] G[HCNO GC[S GI PE MC OHKLH UDL UDH]G OU GUHDG ]C MHWGO CHG OHNL PSQCH UDGO GY[L CO L[G HUDH]
UDGO UD]SG ]C VHNO MNDH PJH[ OU GOHUG ONN UHD]O [ZO PLUDSOH PLCQ[O JHH[Q J]W X[WS ILUH HIN GSZ] HSZ]L
GUHDD CHG RN WNUH [KWSH UDS UD]SG GLG DH[ LW OU GIQ GC[S COC OHKLOH UDH]G OU GUHD MHWGO HC [W]GO HC
[H[C ]OOZ GSLSU COC LHSLN HC P GD RLC CLH XWJ ]KLZS GD RLC ]HKL GD[GO RSD[F
CQ QU C Z[W EC[WQ O[GQO PLLJ M[F GWZ ONH[ ]ZDC ]H UU
UFHL PEG OHNQ R]] CO [HU LSWOH PHQ G[H] [HTLC HLOU RLC H[DJ ]C ULDQG RCNQ [CHDQ
O H][LDUD HJO ML[Y HSLC RLFN GHU PFCG ON MNO PUKGH [ZO UDL GOGH H]C ]QCG
ULDQG PE [Z ]UHD [QHJO COC@ U[G ][LDUO P[HE PEG RHQQ FLTWGO DLLJ HSLCH U[G
> [HU LSWO F HCO [HTLC [DFD RLC UQQ MC RHHUQ GZHSQ HSLC P[HEG
GS] IHQ] IO[HO[ GL[HQ XDHZD HULWHG PLD]NQDH FS QU I GQO ]JSQ U OYI MD[ULHC I[EG RF GIQH
]NOO M[HYG ]UD GSNT HD RLC GOHJO >GQO ]HNLOG NO PLCHOQH PLSHZL]D UU CSLFQ@ []HQ
PLN[YS PSLC G[H] L[HTLCQ USQLL CO GOG UFHL WUC ]HHYQH G[H] [QH HSLC CWH[O ]DD
RLFG RQ DLLJ CWH[G PEH RLFN GHU GOHJG RHLN HFNH PHL[H [HC ]ZOFG RHEN OHWLKO
G[H] L[HTLC OU M[HY PH COO [DHUH HWSD CKHJ CWH[G GID DJ]GO DLLJ GOHJG RLC H]HCW[O
PFQOO [HTC PLLHE PSL PLSLICQG RLDH PL[JCO G[H] L[DF GY[QG ]HFHC Y EJ FHL GQ ]H[EC ]HD D]N GID CYHLN
GHUF [JCQ HLUQ LU [HTLC GUL [JC JQ ]H[ L[DF HOLWC ]HUOQ USQGO DLLJ PFC RLC D]N HL[DF MH]DH
[HU LSWO GID CNLO [HTLC GUQ HQYU ]UF OU GU GOGH HQYU GUQ
GIH D[N ZLHFQ GI HKHW LWO H[LW OCHQF GL]HN LC[ZH D[F GL]HN RL]LS]Q CZLF CD[ [QC
RNH ]HC[ZQG LZHLF ROGO D[ X[L] LWNH H]KLN PGLS X[]O OHNL FJCH FJC ON ODC OCHQN
IKZ
KO VF ]HUHD
]Q[HE CLG LSWQ CZHF GCFHG KZSH MFLCO RLFG CHGH PGQ FJC CS]G KZS ]HLSQG X[]L OCHQ
CDKL[ LWU DLLJ G[LWNG ]C KULQH GCFHGG ]C GD[LG PC RN ONH [HKW ONG [WHN L[G HI GUHD
GSUK GO G[TJF PHQ HCO CQUK LCQ [HKW GKH[W COC LFLD MO RLC MFLD LO VTN L] RS]
GKH[W GH GCFHGGH VTN L] GSUKG HL[DF J]W OU TJLL]Q RL]LS]QF F Y L N H
PCH LCZ HO MHQTG UKZG OU F Y L N H[LWH LS]Z CZHF LS]Z GH ][DT LQ OCHQ HO GSUH
FHUH R[ [HKW GSUKG RLQQ GCFHGG RLC
]C UDH]G OU OCHQH D[ HZOJS H[LW LS]Z CZHF LS]Z GH ][DT LQ OCHQ MO [QC
OCHQOH RLHH OU COC VTN ]HUDKQ OU CZHFD GSLC H]ULD] D[ ]UFO P]T VTN L] H[DJ
VTN ]HUQ L] OU CZHF H]ULD]
[CHDQN GHD COH CZHF H]ULD] ]N]QGH OZQG [LNIG GQHFNH DGI C[KLO UDH]D D[ GFHQH
PL[DF [C PGD P PFC PLQF ODC DGI C[KLOD P PFC RLC MHQTD
]UF POHCH C[H R[ RDQ[ FDC[ LWU CZHF COH [QCZ GH P]T RUHKG D[ L[DFN GNOGH
GH ]OCD H]HQN GNOG RLC VTN L]D G[LWN RLSUO D[N GNOG LN VC L[LCQG GKS RNH CD[G
]HZHOJQG L] RLC CD[G [WH [QCZ CZHF VTN L] UDH]G OCHQN COC CZHF HC
PLLJ ][H]H R[UH HID HI J[NGD ]HLHO]
ODC GQHFNH JZQD RNH GS]LS GCYHGO RN GCHOGD CZHF GH D[ [QC GI PLSHC[ HD]N FHU
CZHFD H]HCH HO R]S PLHTQG HSHFZWD FL JHOO FZWSO ]H[ RLC L[G CHG CZHF RHFZW ]SUKD
>GSQG L[DF ]QL]TNH MFLD LO L O GKHWG ]HUQQN@ RHFZWD VC PL[QHC LH UDH] CHG
DLCL QHJ CHIJ UH R[H CDKL[ RDQ[ U
FW GJ CD[G ]H R[U M[U GH OU HC CZHFD H]SHHN PC PLHTQ PHNT DZHSH GS]Q HC UDH] PFCN CQOUDH
FY ZL[GQ ]H DT ]HTJHLQDH
FJC [H LN GID GI RL[HUQH RLD[HUQ POHN [QHO GY[ GID GI RLD[U OC[L ON FQOQ
]QLLZ ]H[[HU]G G]HC GHFZG FYQ GDHKO ]H[[HU]G HILC POHUO GCD [CN RNOH POHNO
[[HU]Q ZLFYG HN[U LWO FJC ON OYC ]OUHW CLG COC OC[L LSDQ FJCH FJC OND
CHG [HQE U[ HOLWCH KUQ [[HU]Q ZLFY HSLCH GD[ GHFZDH OHFE ZJD G ]FHDUO
]HLGO OHNLH GQ ]H[[HU]G HD PE ]QLLZ QQ LUE[ CHG PEG GDH] [HG[G GILCD [[HU]Q
LGL[G U[G [YLG FYQ ]H[[HU]G HILC GCD [CN MWGO RNH GQO GDH]D [HIJL GFL OU
GU LWO [HG[G GILCD ONS RN PE ZLFYGH OUHWD GFL OU ONS U[G FJCH FJC ONO GCD
FHUH D C[ZLH PLLJ PLQ [CD C] VTHL LISE LSLQ GQ L[DF [WTD CDHQ KUDGQ
[QH] UU GI OU GI PLFLJLG O ]LFFGG GUWGGH [ZG OUH GFHJC ]JC WSN OC[L OON RLSU OU
QU CJ IOK ]UF L[HU G GSHD]G [U RHOG ][LQ KSZ ZLFYG ]ZFY DO Z[W CLS]G [WT G[HDF
]HEGSGH PLSLF THTD CHIJGQ ][EC
ILZ