L[Q [CHDQ HSEHC MH]D RLD GKQOQ RLD GOUQOQ RLD PLJWK G[U GYLJQ GO GU RN PC COC
RLD GT[LEG COC REHCG MH]D COC GYLJQ GOLUHQ RLC LN GOUQOQ RLD ]HDL] PLT[HE RLC TH]H
PL[WT LH TH]G L[DFD GLEGO ML[Y GC[SH@ PLQGQ EOWHQ VC HSEHC MH]Q RLD PLQO MHQT GKQOQ
W[H]D NNH GC[G T[E RNH >C[H]D GNH HSEHC MH]Q GKQOQ RLD G O U Q O Q R L D RGD DH]N
HSEHC MH]D GOUQOQ RLD GKQOQ RLD T[E GC[S CDKL[DH
GYLJQD ]LJC FHE HOLCH PL[QHC ZLTC FHE [DFG PUK ][]Q GSLC GLHO] GYLJQ [DT [QH
LWU GKQO GOUQOQ CO GOUQO GKQOQ H]HSDO RLSD M[F LSWQ PLSHC[ H[W PL[QHC RLC GLHO]
P]NQG L[LCQ
GYLJQ M[F CQL]F HGQ GF ROGO TH]U D[U ]YLJQO L] ]YLJQ RLD ZOJO PUKG DUD C[H]D CDHQ GID CYHLN
[LHCD PLDNHD COH PLFQHU PLTWD ]HUGO
GLHO] GYLJQ CQZ CS]O PE ][]Q GLHO] GYLJQ [QCF G[QC LTHL LD[ ]KLD GFHGL LD[ DU
GFHGL LD[ OZLQ MN GDL LDE GLHO] GYLJQD LTHL LD[ OLZG HQN H[LWG MN COC [HDD ][]Q
]QC ]WDH [D UH FL[G TH] ]H[YJ L] RLD O]HND
HNLQGH JWK PLFHQUG OU PLTH[W PHCYQ PL[WQ L PLFHQUG LDE OU RLTH[W RLSLFT HCYQ COC
CDKL[H GC[ ]DD LC[U OGC OU PLWLTHQ PT[HWO
H]HC MLL GLG CO ]WTH]G LFUODH []G ][YHL GFDO ]WTH]G ]LLU PC PE LC[U OGC OU VLTHGO []HQ PGL[DFQ HSFQO
[NGO PLOGO GNHTG ]HSWF OU VLTHGO []HQ G[HCNO GC[S GI LWOH ]WTH]G COO LHDQD OKOKO [HTC RCN RHEN []G
][LQ U OYI MD[ULHC I[EG POHCH DL ]HNHT FZ LC[ZQ [WTD [DFD OZGO RF RNH PHL FHUDQ JWK GLG ON GNHT
P ]FJQ G[LNQ ]WTH]G GNHT GSH [D]TQ LN [DFD [HTLC G[HG PLCHOQH PLSHZ] DH HNZ G[UG FN G]NOGN ]D
KQ HJ LHOG KD ]HD PE UH CZT IO[] DSQD U G[LNGO LFN MNTG OU VLTHGO [HTC PUKG HGIH GNHT
][LQD DH]N GQH@ RWHFO G[LNQ RN LFL OU RWHCD JH[D ]FSFS]QG GNHTG ]YLJQ ZFGO RN HQN [HTC RN]L HI C[DT LWOH
D]NH [IJ GQ LWO ODC GNHT RWHFO ]D ]YLJQ RLD ZHOLJ RLC ROGO P KZS GQ LWO Z[ HGI [L]GO NZ G[UG FN ]D
> G[UG I ]HNHT GQO ]HNLOG ZHFLG LDEO PE [LQJGO L [WC OSNH ZOJO PLCHOQH PLSHZ]D CI[EG
PHZQ GLG H][DT LWO [LUGO L FHU PL[DFG RLD ZOJO ROSQH GYLJQ P FJ]S JWKG OU ]WTH]D RCN PE COG UYH
L[ NQN GNHT RCN RLC GDH[Q G]JQNH GLH[Z CLG MNTG P OU L[G GNHT P FJQ MNTG OU ]WTH] RLD ZOJO
[LNQ COC FJ P OLJQ HSLC ]HSWFG OU ]WTH] NCQ QNDH RL]NTQ L[
MNO GO PLFUHLQH GHYQO PG PLYZHQ ]D G]HCO OHKOKD PL[HTC HLGL RWHFG HC MNTGH OLCHG [JC RWHCD [QHO L CQH
PLSLFT ]TL[W NCQ >VLFU RCNH GSHD PHQ [HTC HSNLGQ LON OHKLD ][DT RLUN@ UDZ RLUN DJS ]DD P]HUO [HTC
N U PLZTHWD HSLYQ RLUNH [WTD GCL[ZG O PLD[G ]HYQ M[HYO PLSLFTG TH[WO H[L]G OL PE P[LTGO [WC FNH
LFN LHDQG ][HZ ]NQSG [L]GO FFY RLDH[LU L[ CW UUH L[NS RLCN U[ZS DH[LUG KHJ JH]QO H[L]G IZ G[UG IL
OHKOK OHNQ UHSQO
IL VF
HSLC MNO CHG [N MNT RLQ RHLN [QHON CHG [N MNT RNNTF PHQ L][] LSG RSLUQC LCH
EQ
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CHG OHTW MNT GNNTF HD RLNNTQ RLC [DFD GHWLZG GOHFE GNHT ODC RWHFO GNHTG RLD XYHJ
]QC ]WD UUH CDKL[ LWU XYHJ HSLQ HSLCD RLQ LN CO CQLC
GW ZD IQ RLHFZ Y ]HDH]ND G D [ L[QCQD ]HQHZQ FHUD HSLYQ GID CYHLN
RSD[O HGSL]JNC GD[ [QC
LGZ ]HSHLOEDH [G LSHLYD U FHUH ES GFSDH Y ZD KL GYLDD CD[ PD PLQUW O CDHQ RNH IN GFS
[DHTG GD[ LWO UQQ GD HUES GQHZU RWHF PHQ HGLLH[] L[QC OCHQH D[F CLGGF GSLQ [D
RDQ[G HD]N GI LW OUH GQHZU RWHF O RLF HFLJO M[HY RLC ]HQC UD[CD UYQCD OTHW OHTW MNT
HI GNOG L[G PLJWK GUD[CD OTHW OHTW MNT GNOGO >VL[G L[DFN@ UL[NGO CDKL[GH GC[G
[HQCN HI GNOG GODZ]S CO ]ZOHJG GUFG LWO L[GH ]HQHZQ GQND G[NIHG GQHZU RWHF O
CDHQ RNH LQOH[LGQ HL[DFO UHLT [HKLUG CLDG RNH ]HQC UD[CD OTHW OHTW MNT ROGOF C[]D CSONH D[N ZTW EGDH
R[UH RGN OC[L D[H JQY D[H LCSH[KS D[ PD ]CLE YL[D
]HQC UD[CD UYQCD OTHW OHTW MNT GJSGD PE GQHZU RWHF O GNOGG ]N[YS FYLNH UHFQ PLN[F GQND PLSH[JCG H[CDH
]C PLCH[ HSC G[N ]HQC GSHQQ ]HJW FU FYG RQ OHTW MNT L HOLWC [QHO GNOGG GCD [LW UHGL LSW [WTD
HD[G PLSH[JCGH GKL G]HCO ]HQC FQ ]HJW OTHW HSLC OHTW MNT CHG L[G MQGGH ]HQC FQ ]HJW FU ]QZU]Q RWHFG
HSQQ LYJH O PL[QHC RLCH ]HQC UD[CD FYG RQ OTHW OHTW MNT PHZQ OND PNTHQ RLFG RNH HSLS COG MN OU GHQ]O
]QC ]W MNTO HLYJH RWHFO HLYJ OHTWG MNTG ]C PLZOJQ RLC L[G PLJWK GUD[C HD RLC OHTW MNT [CGH GQHZU RWHF
SOH[UH
RLCH [JCQ ]HQC FQ ]HJWD GOHTW GNHTG G]LG GLFUOD LSWQ GQHZU RWHF O GNOGG ]N[YS PGL[DFO FFLY ]QC ]WDH
]WTHS M[F UH ]HQC FQ ]HJWD OHTWO RLC GNHTG UYQCD Z[H GOU GNHT P HCOH [NG MNTO ]HULEQ ]HSWFG
OHTW MNT LN OHTWO L >R[G L[DFO MNTO ]HULEQ ]HSWFG RLCN RHEN@ GQHZU RWHF PL[QHC RLC RWHCD HI G[DT LWOH
UYQCDQ HL[DFO UH[E MNTO RWHFG RLD OHTW MNT L[G PLJWK GUD[CQ ]HJW VC CQH ]HQC UD[CQ ]HJW HOLWC RWHFO MHQT
[N GC[S ]H[LCQ PLSW ]DH]Q CLDG GQD DO[] T[ GNOG [HCD UH
FLG GNHT JQ [HC [SO MH[U U GNOGG ]N[YGD PLWTHS PLSWHC
G]LG RWHFO [DUQ XHJD H]YZQH GNHTD H]YZQ ]HQC UD[C OHTW MNT L PC GQHZU RWHF O GNOGG COHO [WC FHU
RWHFG ]C PLCH[ GNOGG GCD MN OU H]HDLJ OOED GNHTG ]C OHTWL H]YZQ VC RN OUH DHJ [HUL HD L LSWQ GOHTW
GUD[C DJ[ [TS [LNGO L GQHZU RWHF OOED Z[ DUT FL OLUO L[ RHO ZLHFQ RNH OHTW MNT GI RLCH GQLSW ]QZU]Q
RWHFO XHJ H]YZQ
]HJW GDHEQ [DN ]HE[FQ RLUN GOHUH ]QZU]Q HC UHWLD ]NOHG RHEN QQ GQHZU CLG RWHFD DLLO PHZQ L FHU
[HUL GILC [QHO GNOGG ]N[YS MN OUH QQ CLG RWHF L[G OHTW MNT RCN L GC[S RLC G[HCNO UZ[ZGQ G[UQ
HKZS JNHQ HI GUFO GQHZU RWHF O GNOGO ML[Y RLC HKZS CDKL[GH GC[G RDQ[GQ RNC RWHFO R]LO [WC ]HQLZU
GNOGGH ]HQC FD [N]L ]QCF CDLOC VC GIN RWHCD P]UFO CQ HC OHTW MNTN HSHFO L GI RWHCD VC HC PL]Q ]JC
RLC UF]H UYH PZHUO [HUL GD RLC QQ GQHZU RWHF ODC GQHZU RWHFN H]HC[O FQ ]HJW OHTW MNTD COC G[QCS CO
P]T COGH [HUL GD [QCS [N MNTQ GLHUG RWHFD VC RN PC RWHFG PHZLU [HULO ML[Y OHTW MNT COD VC [QHO
G[N FQ []HLD VC [NG [DFQ GLHUG GQHZUG RWHF GC[D UH KL ROGOF PLSWHCD G[N UHWLD GLHUG HSLS
RWHF ]HQLQZUO [HUL RLC JNHQH
FQ
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[W GQ LWO FYG RQ ]HQC UD[CO RLW[KYQ RLW[KYQ LCQH GUD[C HGD ]LCF POHUO DU
]QZU]QG RWHFGQ ZOJ CHG HOLCN OHTWG MNTG ]C ]HC[O GQHZU RWHF O GNOGG ]C GSQD L[
VH[LYO PLN[YS UHFQ RLDGO L PDQ[G L[DF H[LWD [GG RQ C[G D]N RNH C[GH R[G NNH GOUQO ]WWNSH
RN]L FYLNH [NG MNTGQ GZHJ[ RWHFG VHT VHT PLW[KYQ PSLC PC PE COG OHTWO LFN PL[TSG
PL[TS [QHO PHZQ L GNHTG UYQCD RHEN OHTWO LFN DHJ PHZQ OU PLSFN CQOD@ G[LNGO
PLN[YS UHFQ OHTW MNT PG GUD[C PLDJ[G PL[TS ODC DHJ PHZQ DJGO PLW[KYQ PSLC PLF[WS
>MNTO RWHFG RLD PLFL[WQ PG [CN VH[LYO
GCDH ]D[Z]QN RWHFG ]C PLCH[ GQHZU RWHF PL[WQ PLSHC[G ]UFO MQT RCNQ CLDG LQ L
MNTO D[Z]GO O]HNO [WCQ CO ]HQC F O DHJ PHZQ Z[ [WC GI LWOH [NG MNTO FU
[LCQ ]LD LWU O]HNO MNTG RLD FL[WGO DHJ PHZQ GLG CO LIC PLF[WSN PLDJS PL[TSG HLG PC ODC
GQHZU RWHF O ]HSHG ]H[FEGD F OLUO CDHQD UU
RLC PL[TS GFHGL LD[ L[DFH PLW[KYQ PLSLFT C]LL[DG RHO DEC COC CZHF HCO PLW[KYQ QEG RHO L[ ]UFO OYH
PL[TSD VH[LY RHO Q[O VC HKZS >GNHTG UYQCD VC HOCD GSHHNG@ PLW[KYQ
JL VF
KZS COH HI RHOD KZS KHULQ LHG RLFHWD RLD PLSZD RLD HKULQH GOHFE GNHTD GO [LHC
GO [LHC PHQ GNHTG GOTWS [DN LW OU VC HSULQGO LFN PLW[KYQ RLC OHTW MNTH [LHC
R[ PLFHWL HC PLSZ ]JSGD [LHCG KHULQ LFL OU OHTW ][H]Q GNHTG GOHU
RLC GC[SH U OHTW MNTD FLQUQ PHQ HC LHUG RQ COH GU] PHQ OHTWG MNTG ]JSGD RLC UHFQ RF ]QC ]WD
GYLYZG GUQ POHUO COGH R]LLU LGHI R]YLYZ H[QC GQQ MNO GLC[H@ MHNLTD GUQ LFL OU [LNQ QQ LN LHUG RQ GI
>OLH LHU [DN CHG O]S UE[DH [DHJQD GUS
H]HC [LNQG P[HED COH ]HCLYQD MNTG ]C FLQUQG [DFD COC MLL HSLC GC[S FLQUQ RLSUH
]HD[U]G J RLSUD
C[LTC P]GO CFQE [GSH R]LC [GS LNWF CSFLCGH C[GS DDF C]SJY LCG
KO IU ]UF VTHLD CDHQD U PL[HGK PLFHYLSG PLEF P]T ]HQHZQD PLCQK PLEF
VL[ GSQ GKQ H L O U H
HQN GO MHQTD COC QQ GLOU CO L D E O U G[FTNC LDE OU MNLT
[LW RNH L[ D]N HQNH GNHTD KOHD G[Z]G LW IC G[FTNCG LH[LZ LDE OU MNTG GYZ JLSQ HKHW LFLQ CYHL HSLC PEH
C[G
HH[LW GJF C[GQH QQ GDE OU MNLTH GNHTO GQYU G[FTNCG ]C GU TH]G ]UFD [LW O[GQ
GO PGLSLD RLC PLFHQU PLQLYW [WQ L[ G[N RLQLYW GO L G[FTNC LDE OU MNLT
LFY LSQ PLFQHUG PLQLYW LS VL[G ]UFD [LW R[GH FHDO ][H]Q RWHF PLDJSH PLJWK
RWHFD PLQLYWG LFL OU P]HTH F[HL G[Z] LW PL[QHC PLFHQ ONG GI RWHCD RWHFG
H[QC COH ]LJWG HKZS UHFQ HI RHO OU TH]G HFQU [DN LUYQC RWHF ]LJWG HOLWC
GQ
DU