HKZS RNH ]YOHJ GZLI L [QCF RCQO GZLID HQOHUD GLG CO HLJC ]C ][Y OLUO C[QED H[QC GQQ [CHDQ RN C
[KWLGO QQ GH[U ][YN GSLC GZLI L LWUC L[G FHUH EW[D [CHDQ RNH DLEUZ UHK JLH QQ ICL[ U PLZTHWG
GYLOJGQ
RSD[F GZLI PC LN PLQHNLTD U PLSHC[ GQNQ UQQ RNH C]L[HCF GZLI KZS VTHLLZHQSG RHO ]HNL[CQ PLZLLFQ L D
G]HJCD RLHFLZ PLWH] LCFH RSD[FQ COC GSLC RHLN ]HKLWD [QHO HO GLG COG P CD[DH RDQ[DH JN IN ROGO U
PDLG TSN VHTDO PC COC C]L[HCFQ GZLI RLC GC[SH RSD[F GZLI [CHDQ VTHLLZHQSG L[DF MQGQ MN OU GZ COC
LHFJ LWU ]HLHZ GQN PLY[H]Q GIDH RSD[FQ COC GZLI RLC TSN CO VHTDO PC ODC PHDLG ]OLJ]N GZLIG ]LSHFLS IC
TSN CO VHTDO PC PE C]L[HCF GZLI KZS G[HCNO GC[S X[L]H GF J OLUO L[LCQG L[DFQ [LUGO LH DL KS[EG
C[GQD UUH
JLH PHDL L[IU LDC JL[ QU EFL ]HQDL OCHQ [ LHFJD RSD[FH C]L[HCF GZLI L[FED UUH
]ZLI ]C HULZWL RLHFLZG CHG RLFD COGH XHOJL HC HLJC PDLL FU RL]QGO ML[Y RLFG PUKD
PHQ HLOU G[HTC HIH HO GZHZI G]HJC G]LG FLZ CO FU LSWQ HD]N PLSH[JCGQ L G]HJC
H]C ]C [EQO GQHF GI L[G G]HJC ]ZLI ]C MND Z]SQH GFZQN PE RN PC H]ZHZI ]HJC
G[ZUS G]YLOJ HC G]HJC PHDL LU Z[ MNOG Z]HS PGLSLD [ZG LWUC G]HJCD [HTC RLLFU
I GQ L[QC IL LNF[Q HDO LWU HO ][]HQ C[ZLUQ GZLIG
GS]QG COD GQLLZO []HQH L[QEO GZLIG G[ZUS C S N C[GH CD[GH EN TH]G ]KL PU GI PUK DLLO DYH
GZLI LSWQ PC ]HJCG ]C [HTCO RLH[LEO GQHF GI RLC [QHO ML[Y HI GKLOH CQ QU DL M[N ]LFHQO] YSCD H[LUG RN
RLDH CHG [H[YO OOND RLLFU G]HJC [L]GO MND LF RLC H]C O ]HLCG ]UZWG RLD ZOJO L HC RSD[FQ COC GSLC
H]C ]C [L]GO OLUHQ G]HJC O [ZG ]UZWG
JC HO FOHSH ]LQH CJC FJD GO ]JNQ LNLG RHUQ LD[O HQOHUD GLG CO HLJC ]C COC
RN PCH GTHSNN GZLI PHQ RHUQ LD[ O HQUK COG [QC] PC ]LQ COH PDL COH L[]D LQS LC
CLG LSWQ RHC[G ]ZLI GUZW PHZQ ONQ COG RHUQ LD[ [THC ]Q COH PDL COH PLJC LSD UHFQ
COG RN PC LJG GIO GTHSNN GZLI [QHO [WC LC ]Q CO ON RDQ[G [LW "[JC JCO GTHSNN
PLLJD PLJCG ON RHUQ LD[O RLFG CHG MN COC [JC JCO ][]HQ CLG FYLNH LJG HLJC ]CN CLG
PGQ FJC ]Q PC ODC PDLLO HY[ CO P]HCQ >CDKL[U U[WQO@ GZLI GO GUZW PDLLH FJC PFZH
CD[DH UUH GOLWS ]UQ HO GTHSN CLG HOLCN G]HC PLCH[ PDLLQ GLG CQ LJ GLG HOLC RHLN
CL[D GS GQ FOHSG JCO ][]HQ PDLL COD HOLWC LSG ]Q PC G]U PLKZHS GQ LWOH
][]HQ PDLL CON HOLWC HSULQGO GLG OHNL RHUQ LD[ O HJN HSULQGO PDLL MN [JCH FOHS
PDLL CON PE UQ]Q COLQQ [DTH PDL NJCH FOHS [QC FOHS NJCH PDL CWLT DEC COC [O
FHUH RDQ[ LWU PGLSO CHG FJC PUK
KL VF
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LC LC D[ [QC COC RGQ ]JCD HOLWC RLJHZLO MO CGL CO HIO HI ]H[Y HUS GUD [[YO
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RQ[TH RSJOC LD[ RHCEG GZG ]JC ]DD OHWSF RSLZTU LCQD CNG LQS LNG GI [JC GID OHWSF
[QCF RCQO RN PCH HSLC ]JC ]DD HOLWC GI [JC GID HSLC ON HSLFLD CHG OON COG GN ]H[UG XDHZ
L] FZQN CHG COG ]HLJC L]Q ]JCD RLJHZLO HO RLC FJHLQ FHQLO ML[Y UHFQ GTHSNN GZLI
TH]D ODC GLOCQ GCDG GHFZD GI OON [HQC RLC K ]H[HNDD TH]G ]UFO CQODH ]JCN ]HLJC
GZ H]KLOH MN OU ZOHJ GC[S W RLHFZD FL[G
VC >RN [QHO H]JL[NG CLG GQYU HI CLHZ [WCH@ RCN FLJ HQUKO MOHG FL[G DLO LH
LWU GI [JC GID RSL COG HI H]KL LWO RN PCH H]ZHZI ]HJCD RLHFLZ PLWH] GTHSNN GZLI PC
G[UGD CQ LL ]LD
RQ G[HKW G]HJC GTHSNN GZLI PC CLEHTD [CHDQ COGH G]HJCD PLWH] RLHFZ RN]L FYLN FL[G L[DF [HCDD UH
CLG ]JC GDLT COC@ [HTLCGQ UDHS HSLC ]HL[UD RLHFZ ]LW]LC [LWH G[HQE GH[U ]DJS PHDLG RQH GYLOJG
RLF [QHO L G]UQ > E OLUO CDHQD UUH DQ LT UUH [D[C CLG GQ RLHFZG ]LW]LCOH [HTLCO ]Q[HEG
LWUC GZLID MNOG JZ] CO G]JC OC GCH DH]NG RHON G]HJCH GC O GJLZO PD LHO] GC]HJCD RLHFZ ]LW]
GH[U CLG LWUC RLHFZ ]LW] MLL MNO PLQG RQ HO HSZG GC COC RLJHZLO GUQ GD GLG CO MC GTHSNN ]LSHFLS
HLDEO
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PC RLFG CHGH G[Y G[KWS CO [QCQ ]OUDO XOJ PCH G][Y ][KHW G]YLOJ HC G]CLD RGQ
RDQ[ XOJ [QC MNO [DFG [HTC PHQ COC GLOU CD
GI L[G [QCQG [JCO JCG FOHSN L[WO [HQE RLSZ GSHZ [QCQ PLKZHS PC C[QED [CHDQ
GHU O G[HQE H]CN GSDLJS PC VC COG ]HZGO LH RHUQ LD[O HO ][]HQH PHDL [JCO FOHSN
FOHSG LWON ]DJS GSLC PHDLO GZHZI ONH KN RDQ[UH HLOU ]OKHQ PHDL ]HYQ RLLFU COG [QCQG
]OWHS GUD JCG ]]LQD FLQ PHDL OND UZHW JC]C [HTLC PYUD L[G@ []LGD GCYQH CD
W[D ][DHUQ RLFQ JLNHGO L RNH PHDL ]HYQ HD RLC RLLFU LWUC H]QDLD []HQ CLZ ROGO RKZ PDL RLFQ JNHQ RN PHDLO
JC]C [HTLC []HG COG [HTLCD GCYQ DJS PUK GQ GU G]HCD JC FOHSN RN PCH XOHJG
[HTLCG []HG MH]Q PHDLG [JCO FOHSD PL[QHC HSC PN HLDEO PE []HL CO UHFQH HLJC LWON
HSJ[N OU COC C[]LG LFLO L]CF C[HTLC C[QEG L[DF [HCDD N ROGO PLSHC[ [CH TH]U HLDEO PE []HG HLJCO
> []LGD GCYQ OOND GI RLC GSHC[ GZLI RLLFU GD L PHQ [QHO
H]QDLD [QCQ GHUG ON [HQE RLSZ GSHZ [QCQ LCQ ]LDO KN ROGO [CHDQG LW OU [QHO LH
]ZLI GD RLC [HQE RLSZ GSHZ [QCQ FY H]HC LWO RN PCH RLTH[LC ]ZLI GOJH RLQDL ]ZLI GSQQ GJ[W
G]HCD PHDL ]ZLI PH GD RLC MC PHDL ]HYQ PLLZO GLOU CHDO PDLG OU GHYQ PSQCH OON PHDL
DL DZUL ]HOGZ LWU []LGD GCYQH CD DJS RN OU GU
GZLIG ]UZWGD OON LHO] PUKG RLC H]KLO P [LW PHDL PFHZ FOHSD HOLWC RHUQ LD[ [L]Q CLUHC [ O HQUKDH
HLOU G]US GTHSNN GZLI PHQ [JC PUK FLJ LIJ GQ L[QCDH ][]HQ RHC[G JNQ PHDLO GZHZIN HOLWC COC
MNOG >HQOHUD GLG CO JC ]C [HTLC COO PE@ FOHSG LDEO GSHC[G GZLI GUZW DHH ][N DHLJ GD LH JC]C ]H[UN
GI OYC GSHC[ GZLI OON GD RLC PDLO FOHSG OHNL HLJC ]QN
GJNHGG [ZLU [WQ RDQ[G GSLQ UQ [LCQ [O CQLOLC GO LS]Z RCQO CWLTF CDD CG
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RGQ HILCO PDLLQ [HTLCD ]JC GU HLOU GFQU COH []LGD GCYQH CDH OLCHG RHUQ LD[ L[DFQ CHG
GTHSNN GSLC L[G [HTLCD ]JC GU HLOU GFQU PDL MN [JCH FOHS LZHWCO UQQ GY[L
RD[LU COH ]HDD L]O RZOLJ CS]G MN PHQ MOHGH [WQ C[QEG COC G[HTCH
]CI [QC [QHO L LN HZG CO RHUQ LD[ RHOQ HD]N TH]D UQQ RNH CDKL[GH CD[G HOLCH
L]KLO ODC []GD GCYQN PLSW ON OU ]HFHGO MO L ML[DFO HOLWC [QHON [LCQ LD[F HL[DFO
HGSLS]OH HGSLD[UO Q CLG CLHZG [ZLU COC RWHC OND ][]HQ
[]G GO L GFSG GCG PN IQ[O JC ]CD COC CLG GFS ]HL[UG OND [LNIG CO
]Q [CN H]]LQ [JCO ][]HQ CG] RN]LH HLLJD HQU G]HLGD [TCL] JC ]C RN RQI [JCO
C[IU RDC C[ PD HO RLC RDH
N VF
RLFG CHGH H]ZHZI ]HJCD UEW GLQZ CLQ[ C]LL[HCFQF RHLN GHYQ [HTLCF CQLOLC RCQF G]HJC
H]LHZ PLOCGO GY[ COC HN ROGO HSLS HQN H]ZHZI]HJC PHQ G[HTC G]HJC GHFZ [HTLCO
LWU MFLCO RLFG CHGH FJC [DF KZSH [JC PHZQQ ]HZGO COH KHWH [[HDQ HQUK [DFQ OHCOH
CLFGO RN T[E FL[GH FHUH RDQ[
GZLI RGO L L[G G[H] RLFQ GYLOJ ]HDLLJ RHLN HSZ CO HOUD PCH PHDL ]HSD RSLC G[H]GQ GUHRLHCO LDLLJ VC [CHDQ
GYLOJG ]HYQ OKDQ G]HJC JZL PC RLQDL ]HYQ OHKLD PHQ HC RGL]HDH[ZD [HTCH
RLQDL ]HYQ OKDO []HQH GZLI RLC [DHTG OCLOQE RD[O VC CD[GH RDQ[GN COF JL OLUO TH]G L[DF LWO [WCH
OLCHG GHFZ L[HTLCD OL >RCN RDQ[U@ H]C ]HJCN ]LC[S RLUG ]LC[Q PHQ CHG PUKGH PLLJQ HO G[HTC H]ZHZI ]HJC
GZLI L P CS]G [DHT [QHO L [HTCO ROGOF GSQGQ JLNHGO RLC WNUH RLUG ]LC[Q RCN RLC CSLFQ ]HQDL]Q RSLCH
HZG MNO CQOU LOHNO ]HZGO C[QEO VLFU DKLG DHLQ GI LWOH HN C[QED H[QC HQN RLQDL ]HYQ OKDO [HTC HC
OCLOQE RD[N LS]QF X[]O OHNL GLG FHJO GHFZ L[HTLCQ PC LN GHYQ [HTLCQ
GHFZ [HTLC GLO L[Z LCQCH KHLFG RGNO GYHOJH GH[E OHFE RGNO GSQOC GHFZ [HTLC
GHFZ [HTLC OOND PG PE GSQD HSLS OC[LO GSL]SH ][IQQH PGLZOCO HLGL PLFZ DL]NF
LSHQUH [IQQ ][GICO GNHQT HI G[WH [DF ]H[U MD GC[L COH HFZ MSJQ GLGH [QCS PHQ
RQ CLDGO HSN[YHG CO HOCD FHUH RCN LQOH[LG OU RD[Z L[L LWU MLSJQD GI ON CYQLL CO LDCHQH
OHTW RGD RLC GH[EH GSQOCD Z[ P]HFZ LSWQ OC[LO H[TCS JNHQ [DFG HQYUQ C[ZQG
C[HGS LWU P]HFZ LHOLU LSWQ PLSGNO ]H[HTC FJHLQ FHQLOO HSN[YHG RG OC[L ]HFZ OONDH
CE[
LHFLZD G[H] [HTLC L L QD TH]Q JLNHG HT[ JSQ U@ RLHFLZ [HTLC GHFZ [HTLC ]HUQQ [QHO ZHJ[ RLC CQ
PDQ[G ]UFO QQ OON [HTLC [DFD RLC PL[QHCG LWO VCH PLQHNLTD JU RLHFZD CDHQD U RSD[FQ CLH RLHCO LDLLJ
UH RLHFLZ ]TLW] ]HL[UD RLC GH[U [HTLC N CO >H[HZQ RCNQ RN]LH GCLDH RLHFLZD COC RLHCO LDLLJD GZHO RLC
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