UHGL LD[OH [IQQ FOHGH H]C ]DH[ZN ][N [HTLCD G[HTC GQC HC G]HJC RHEN H]H[E ]DH[Z D
HL[DFO VCH >H]C ]HJC RHEN@ ]H]L[N LDLLJD COH >H]HQJ RHEN@ RLF ]LD ]H]LQ LDLLJQ COC [IQQ RLC
PHEW GSDH OND GH G[HTLC RLC OHFE RGNO GSQOCQ [QHJH OZ RWHC OND GSHGNO PHEW FOHG
[QHC CDLZU LD[ [IQQ HSLC FOHGH GSDL CO DH GSD RHLN GSDL CO [C HCO D G[HTC H]YHOJ E
[IQQ FOHG
L[LCQ ICL[ FL[ GSHGNO H[LWH [N GFOHH LS]ZFN GSHGNO [N FOHG
C]L[HCFQ G[HTC CDLZU LD[OH PL[WHT L[DFQ COC G[HTC GSLC HS]SQ P]TO H]YHOJ ]DH[Z F
[IQQ FOHG HL[DFOH H]LD HC[Z DH]NG OUSG XHOJ ]LD
CDKL[ U H]LD GC[Z L[G H]C ]DH[ZN ][ND H]YHOJ ]DH[Z CDLZU LD[O PL[QHC L
U HCO COC CDLZU LD[O ][N [DFD RLC L OLUO ] D[OH PLC[HQC ]ZHOJQD HO] LH
[SO MH[U UUH LL EJ PG[DC [DF
GQ FQ PLWF
"GOUDS GCG O GSLF GQH ROGOF ]H[HTCG ]HCLDQ [YHSG FOHG RLF GQ DW
RLHCO LDLLJ C
]H]L[N LDLLJ D
RLF ]LD ]H]LQ LDLLJ E
OC[L ]D OU CDG FDUH PLDNHN FDHU F
OC[L ]D OU CDG RL[HJ RD LYJH FDU LYJ G
[N VCH GNOG RNH [IQQ HSLC LSQL]G RHUQO [IQQ FOHG CDLZU LD[ L[DFO RLHCO LDLLJ ]CLD C
ROGOFN P]CLDD GOTWS GCG HOCD FDOQ GSHGNO
RLHCO OND HC [IQQ FOHG [D [C O RLHCOD Z[ PCG CDLZU LD[ ]UFD PLCS] HZOJS C
HK OLUOH DY KQ ROGO U GU LDLLJD HOLWCH RLHCOG OND HC OHFE RGNO GSQOCD FDOQ
TH]DH P TH]H L[ LWU GSHGNO PHEW RLHCO LDLLJ FOH FL OLUO L[HS RD RSJHL LD[ L[DFO D
COC OHTW HSLC HL[DFO VC PL[QHC LH [N H]H[E [LIJQ FOHD L[HS RD RSJHL LD[ GFHQ [CHDQ
RDQ[ LWU CQOUD RLTJHL PEW
RGNO GSQOCD POHCH CDLZU LD[O COC GSHGNO GOTWS CO H]H[E [LIJQD C[QED [CHDQ GQYU GCG
GCOH FOHO RLOHOLJ LS OOJL CO GQH[]D G[HTCH GSHGNQ GCG GOOJ]S FNH OHFE
[DFG RLCH ]OOJ]Q PCG PE [QHO FY L GSHGNO PHEW FOHG L[HS RD RSJHL LD[ L[DFO
HK OLUO CDHQD U PNTHQ
]LUS GSHGNO FJHLQ HSLCH OND GHG HCOD JH UGC MH[U RJODH PDQ[D ZTWSH
GQGD ]DLNDH GFS [HTLCDH GLHSWD FDOQ GSHGNO GOHTWH GSHI GCG
IO[
H[QCH RLF ]LD ]H]LQ LDLLJQ COC [IQQ RLC [QC UHGL LD[O FDOQ [IQQ FOHG ]H]L[N LDLLJD D
[HTC CHG RGN PCH RGNO GOHTW CLG ]D PCH PHEW FOHG UHGL LD[ GFHQ LD[D RHUQ LD[ PD
HI GCLDD GSHI G]US HQC PEH GSQOCQ [QHJH OZ C[ C CJ CD[G ]H LQOH[L LWU GQH[]D
]UF VTHL
PHQ PC ONC] CO PLFZG ]QH[]D CHG [I LCO GLG] LN RGN ]DH PHQ PC GQH[]D G[HTCH
KCN [HQC GQNJ MQ UUH TH]U G]HQN GSLF CGL GOOJ PU DH]NG GOON
GOOJ RLC IU RLHFZD H[QC GQ LWOH CLG ]HLEHTG ]ZHOJQ PDQ[G ]UFD D]N LQ L C
CJL DHTLC JQ [HC LWU PHEW FOHG RLC GSHGN [HTLCQ COC
LWU GQH[]D ONHC HSLCH GSHGNO PHEWH [IQQ FOHG ]H]L[N LDLLJ OU CDG RGN GNOGO D
[QHO PLSW GQNQ GID HFFY LH [HQE [IN CHG L[G IU RLHFZ L[LCQG NNH C[ VOC CD[G ]H
FLZT I IK FT[ MHSLJ ]JSQ P L[LCQ U PLSGN L[HTLCH GFHDUH GQH[] RLSUO HLOU GSHGN LSLF
CLJY EJ GQO ]JSQ IK FJ UGC GQ ]H[EC JLHK CHIJ HN CJ PG[DC [DF NZ DHK PHL ESHU
G[TCSH GSHI HQC ]LUS GSHC[ GCLDD L[G OOJ HGL[G GLS GCLDQ CDG FOHGH
UGC GKL DHTLC PDQ[ LWU FOHG RNH JU RLHFZ U GLS GCLDD CLG ]OOJ]Q MNOG PLSGNO
P C[EGD U PNTHQ [DFG RLCH FLI
GSHGNO GOTWS GCGH CQOU LOHNO [IQQ FOHG RLF ]LD ]H]LQ LDLLJ E
LD[ L[DFO HCO PC [IQQ FOHG PCG PLC[HQCH PLCS] HZOJS OC[L ]D OU CDG FDUH PLDNHN FDHU F
G[HG RNH [IQQ FOHG CSLSJ LD[ [IUOC LD[ RSJHL LD[ FHUH RQCS GF IQ TH]U GFHGL LD[H CDLZU
GID GFHQ RLHCO LDLLJ [CD CDLZU LD[N [DHT HSLC LD[ HOLWCH IK OLUO TH]U LQC D[ RNH LQC LD[
L[DFN LSQL]G RHUQH >RDQ[U UHGL LD[H@ GFHGL RD RHUQ LD[O HOLCH LQLF D[ L[DFN [IQQ FOHG
[N FOHG PH[F LSZI C[WZ [DH LHO RD UHGL LD[H OCHQH D[H RLD[ [TQ LWN LD[H R]S LD[H VTHL D[
CD[H GFHGL D[H GS]Q D[H D[ GUQO H[L]G RNH
RGNO GSQOCQ [QHJHOZ GQH[]D OHNCO HC RGNO CSLGO ODL[ L[DFN GSHGNO PHEW FOHG PLFHQ ONG
LCO GLG] LN RGN ]DH GSHGNQ ]OTWS GQYU ]OUDSG RNH GU[I ]OOJQH OND GH G[HTLC RLC OHFE
GD RLH[LEH ]HSQOC PGO RLC HOC HCYL GD RLH[LEH ]HSQOC HO L LQ [I
HOLWC [LNQ [LNQG L[DFO GLHSWD HOLWC OTHW OTHWG L[DFO DZUL LD[ PD LUF[GS H[QC
PLTWH]H HQYUO RLHFZ GD PLTWH] RLC DC ]C GQ DC ]C Q HFQO ]H[IQQ RLF L[G LC ]CD
LD[ PD [TQ CSLD[ HOLCH OON RLHFZ ]TLW] PGD RLC HOC HCYL GD CYHLN ON VC PL[JCO GD
[LNGO CFLDI [D LTHL LD[ PD [TQ ] D[H LC ]CD OTWH GLHSWD [LNGO G[HG RLDC [D LTHL
GNOG HZLTG RNH RGL]D
C[GH FDC[G ]UF RNH C]CHHD[Q CNLC PD VL[G CLDG RN GSHGNO OHTW FOHG PLZTHW L C
UHG ]UFO F GOHEG [CD LCQZQ FJ TH] LWU CY] ]CLS PCH GLHSWD HOLWCH ICL[GH
HQLLT COH OLCHGH GSHGNO PHEW FOHG RLC CD[H GFHGL D[H D[H RLD[ ]UFO PL[DHT LH
G[HTC H]D MNOG RDQ[G D]NH RDQ[H VL[ LWU ZWTD [DFG GNOG FYLN C[QEG ]SZTQD
OOJ ZWT CHG PC GQ] O[H@ OOJ ZWT FOHGH PLCLYHQ RLC ]CS PCH RGNO CSLGO
UHQO L ILUNH@ RSD[FQ COC HSLC PLOTHWGO HOLWC [QHO FFYH PLCLYHQ RLC UHFQ C]L[HCF
RLC LHE RLSUO WNU CZU[EG FFY RNH >[LNGO PLKZHS RLFG [ZLUQ IQ ROGO RDQ[G RHOQ
MOQG [U LWU MN OU PLWHN RLC ODC ZWTQ CLYHGO DLLJ CLH C]L[HCF [HTLC H]CLDD
> GNZ DJ UGC T]J ]H ELZT F LN[D U ZWTQ CLYHGO PLDLLJQ LH EHK DHTLC
PD CDKL[D UH PDQ[ LWU CQOUD RLTJHL PEW COC GSHGNO [N CHG RLFG RQ PLZTHW LH
JO[
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
COC [ZLUO O[ KZS RNH PLSH[JCG LOHFE PD L[LCQD GNH GSHGNO HOLWC [N FOHG PL[WQ L
CZHF HI GUFO HOLWC PL[QHC L EN OLUO UUH RGNO ]DG CSL] CO VL[G ]UFO J GOLJ]NO
]JSQ E [HC LFHQU U RLFG RQ GSHGNO OHTW RDG FDUOH LHEO GOUDS LC ]C ODC GLHSWD
[N LC ]CD HOLWC [CHDQ QL PD CDKL[D POHCH LJY GQO
RGNO CSLGO GOHTW H]DH CHG PHEW RDG PE COC GSHGNO GOTWS ]DG Z[ CO PL[QHC L D
O[ KZS RNH L[LCQ CD[ PLZOHJ LH RQCS GF IQ TH]G L[DF ]HKWQ UHQO L RNH RDQ[
C[H VL[ L[Q RN PLZLLFQ LH GKHW GJSGN
][WDH JT RLHFZ L[U ]H[LE PO GOLDK ML[Y FOHG OC[L ]D OU CDG LHE PL[DHT L E
DLLJH OC[L CHG PYUD HI GKL [LW O ZJYL [NI [WTDH C[GQH TH]G LZTWDH GU RLHFZ TH] [HQC
PCGN COC H[QC CO LHE FOHG PL[QHCG D]N LQ LH HLDC RLFN HSLF RH]LJ OHTW RLSUO Z[H ]HHYQD
GQ ]H[DF J CJ UGC GQ ]H[EC LWU GIN RWHCD GKL G]HCO HJO L GNOGO D]NH GFQ]S
PL[NS [CD COH L[NS FOHG OC[L ]D OU CD PC ODK COH OQ [E Z[ FJO D]N LQ LH EN ROGO
FHL CZU[ U
MNO HJO RLC PLSH[JCG PLZTHWG DH[ ]U[NG POHCH I CJ PL[LQ DDHF U
GF GDH] LJ]W DHT[
GSZ] FOHO RLC RL[HJ RD LYJ FDU LYJD VC [IQQ FOHG OC[L ]D OU CDG FDUH LHE PL[QHCG L[DFO G
RL[HJ RD LYJ FDU LYJD RN ON PL[LNQG L[DFOH
L[LCQ OC[L ]D OU CDG FDUH LHED RN PL[DHTG ]UFO GSHGNO OHTW PHZQ ONQH
GNOGO HZLTG RNH LC ]C OU CDD VC PL[LNQG L[DFO L[G GLOU CD MN [JCH GOLJ]D GFLZ PCH
FY CYQSH ]FHZQ GCU DCG O ]H[LJ FY L[G FOHO GSZ] RLC PLOTHWG L[DFOH [N [HQCN
L[ [IQQ FOHG MNLWO LC ]CD Q]Q HD ]HFDU
RLHFLZ FDULYJ O HLHFLZ RLC EQ RLKE [JC PHZQD CLEHTG ]SZTQ LWO PL[QHC L
RNH MN OU ZOJH RDQ[G PD EQ RLKE CD[ [IQQ FOHG RLC GLOU CDH OC[L ]D FLZ PCH
]HLC PDQ[ ]FHZQ ZWT HIL[G GNOGO PL[QHC LH RLFG [ZLU FYQ PDQ[G ]UFD QSDCD KZS
ILF
LSDC LWU GCLDO PL[HTQ RLC RLHFLZ RLSUD PLC[HQCG ]ZHOJQD [DFG LHO] PL[DHT LH
FHUH EQ RLKE T]J LWU PLZOHJ LH F[ CZU[ ]H HK ]HFJG GL[C ]EC CCQ PLCHOLQ
FOHO GSZ] RLCH LC ]CD Q]Q HD ]H[LJ FY CYQS LC ]C OU CD RL[HJ RD LYJ FDU LYJ
ONG L[DFO PLSHC[ G[ND COH ][IQQD CO
OCHQ ]LDD UH O[ WNH ILF UGC MH[U RJOD GNH GJWD VC [HTC FOHG PDQ[G D]N
POHUO RN HQN HU[IH PLOHTWOH PL[NO ][]HQ ][HLE COC CL CO ICL[G D]NH
"OLUO PL[NISG OND RLHFZ ]TLW] RLF GQ EW
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LDLLJD COH RDQ[H L[UH EN OLUO H[F LWN OC[L ]D OU CDG FDUH PLDNHN FDHUD RLWH] RLHFZ RLC
FD ]]LQ PGD RLC ]H]L[N LDLLJQ [IQQ RLC [DHT UHGL LD[O HOLWCH JT RLHFZDN RLF ]LD ]H]LQH ]H]L[N
TH]
PLWH] LSQL]G RHUQOH RLHFZ PGD PLTWH] RLC CDLZU LD[O RLHCO LDLLJ
[H IK TH]U ]HLSQ GQN ]QL]TN RLHFZ ]TLW] PGD RLC GNOG
]UF VTHL
OSN PLZOHJ LH RLWH] HLHFLZ HD ]H[LJ FY RL[HJ RD LYJH FDU LYJ
OUHDG RLSUOH CDLZU LD[O HOLWC GD RLWH] RLHFLZ G[LIJGH G[LEH GOUD ]J] GSIQG
GKHT GF KQ ROGO TH] LWU RLHFLZ ]TLW] GD HO RLC TH]D FJC XH[L] LWO
GQ VF
"G[[ O FLZW]D [HDLYG OU H]HSQO [N PCG OC[L ]D HQCH L[NS HC FDU HLDC LQ C FW
"]H[LE ]OLDKN GOLUHQ PCG ][JC GHYQ PO COC ]H[LE PO GSLC GOLDK D
P L ] P H [ED ]H[N RSLC ]HQLQ ON LWUC ODDD GSHQQ HGSLQH OJ[ [D L[Q D[ ]C [LNG CD[ C
MLJC D[ZQ DJS OC[LQ HQC RHLN MOQ MLOU PL] MLJC D[ZQ MOQ MLOU
G[[D PDLHGOH PFDNO PL[ED PGD PLOWKQ HLG GHDC [D GD[ RNH C[LI LD[ H[QC HU RLHFZD@
HQHLD LC GZL CO JZWQH GLZGG OU GSHQQG [KH RHEN ]KUHQ G[[ HOLWC OC[L X[CD HOLCH
>PGQ PLFLQUQ RLC L[ H[DJ O
HQC G]LG > TH] H[DJ [E RHFO [N POHCH@ RHFO [N HSLC HQYUD [LLE]S [E UQQ C
PL[LNQ LH CD[H TH] VL[ LCJC D[F ]H]OC LWU OC[LQ PFC ON RHFO [N OC[LQ
]H[[O H]HC PLSQQ RLC LW OU VC >[JC [EO ]HWS LSLFH@ OC[LO ]HSHQQ LSLF RHFO [E
GOLJ]NO PL[QHC LH GGEGD DWZ FHL CSLS] GFHGLD UFHS UUH DZ L[ LWU [LUO C[ RHEN
LHFJD CDHQ FHF HSD[ LWU RLF HSLF RF PC MC OC[LO RHFO UHDZ RLLFN H]HC PLDLHQ RLC
P RL[FGST R[G
[FED GI RLC FZ LL ]LD UH CSCH GF CZ TH] LWU G[[ RLSU GID RLC [N [E GLWN COD RHFO
CQOUD GC[HGN COC OON RLF
G[[ OOND HSLC FNH GDLLD JLEQ HC PHLN GDLL C[ FLZW] GC[S D
HN FJ FHL
GSQ]Q PC MNOG PLSQQG OU Z[ G[[ ODZO [HTLC RLC HQYU [EG OU GC[S G[HCNO E
P QEC GID RHLU ML[YH []HQ HQYUQ
RSD[FQ GOUQ HI PL[QHC L GSHGNO PLCLQG RQ COC MOQ PLSQQ RLC [CHDQ C]WTH]D F
HSLC G[[ LSLQ [CQ MOQ GSHH G[H] RLFQ CHG PL[QHC LH TH]U ]HNOQ FHDN PHQ
HSLC GSHGNO PLCLQG RQ CHG HOLWC PL[QHC LH MLJCD PLTJHLQGQ MLJC D[ZQ COC
L IY] MHSLJG [WT RDQ[U PL[E PSLC GSHGNO RLCLQ HQCH HLDC PC COC MOQO [N
GSHGNO RLCLQG RQ HSLC PC VC [N MOQ RD MOQ ODC RHC[ LHSLQD CZHF GI PL[QHC LH
TWFS ]HHYQO [WHT P]J LHFJ C QHJ CQZ GFHGLD UFHS LWU OC[LQ HSLC HL[HGQ FJC RHENH
DHFGQ ]HDH]N LHFLJD
GQ ]H[EC LWU
]HUD]SQ ]HODHK OC[L ]HSD M[FN GCO HO CG] LFN ]L[NS OLDKG FJC FDU OU [WHTQ D
]HFLS PO COC ]H[LE PO G]LG CO G]OLDK LWUC LTC D[ L[DF LW OU VTHL D[ [QCH TH] CSLO
LNH LHO RD UHGL LD[ [QC L[NSRD HO PLC[HZ HLG PFC H]HC OU [WHTQ RNH HI GOLDK GO GOHU
HI GOLDK RLC L[GH HI CLG ]LFHGL ]F ]H[LE ]OLDKO HO GOHU GOLDK G]HCH HL[ZO HLDC ODK CO
L[ LWU OC[L RDD COC ]NLL
Q[
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
L@ GO LSWD ]HLGO GNL[Y [E ]OLDK L[GH PLSC LSWD GSLC ]HFLS ]OLDK LWUC
FDULFD GOLOD G]LG PEH >LQF GO P PLFQHU HOLCN GODK ONO UHFL RHLN PLY[]Q
ROGO FL[G NNH LF ONO UHFL ON OSG XH[L]N KZS UQQH O[H C[H TH] LWU ]H[LE HI L[G
ICL[ D]N RNH OC[LO G]HC PLCLQ GI LWO UQQH
LSWD OHDKL FU OC[L ]D HO PLCLQ RLCH [E EGSQ HD PLEGHS RLC GOLJ]NO D]N VL[GH
RLC FDULF RLSUO COC H[QC COH >L[LCQ CLYHL FLOHG CO ON CS HOLWCH@ GO
HL[Z PO ODHK GLG CO [E HSLC PC HL[Z PO ODKH OLCHG HSD ]C PLOTHW
LWUC ZFY L[E HOC L[G P]CQHKO OHDKO OC[L LN[FN PLEGHS MND [WQ PDQ[GH
HSLSWD HODKL HC PLFU HC[ FU P]HC PLCLQ RLC COC H[LLE]S LQ LSWD PLFU P RLC
RDQ[UH PHNU HZIJHGH OLCHG
HQ GQ PLWF
"PHNUG RQ FDU JZHOG OC[LD RLFG GQH "VHEG RLSZ PLFDU PLSHZ PHNU PCG C GW
"HSLF GQ ]H[LJ PO ODK LSUSN FDU D
"PL[HQE PLFDUN HO PG PCG PLTQG HQOL CO OU HTW]S PLSC MOQG LCDEQ JZO OC[L E
PLDH]G LSDQ PEH GSHZ OC[L ODC OC[LQ COH PHNUQ CO VHEG RLSZ PLFDU GSHZ HSLC PHNU C
VHEG RLSZ OUH GIQ GI PLSHZ PG COH PNQ PLSHZ PG COH PGQ PLSHZ P]C HSZ] PGQ PNQU PL[EG
OC[LD VC RLSZ PGO L GIO L[G CQOUD PLFLGUQ FHDU CO [DHFQ
RQI ON@ ]H[LJ PO GOLDK LFL OU HSLSZ ULZWGO FDUG OHNL PHNUG RQ FDU JZHOG OC[L MN PHQ
RLSZ COH HO L GQ COC OC[LO [HNQO OHNL PHNUG RLC LSWQ >ROGOFN ]HFDU ]OLDK ODK CO
VHEG
GQO O PL HFHDU UZW L[NSO FDU HFHUD ODKH PFZN RN ONH
GZG LCJC D[H CLHC D[ [QC RN [HQCN VHEG RLSZ OC[L HGSHZ OC[LO HQYU [NHQG L[NS POHCH
GOLDK [JCO COC VHEG RLSZ GSHZ OC[L RLC CQ MN OU
PLZOHJ LH KIT[ FHL UH L[LCQ C[H VL[ CLHC D[N GNOG GZG LCJC D[ LWUC C
[W VTHL DZUL ]HFOH] [WTD PDQ[G L[DF [HCDD UUH QJOG NNH PDQ[G ]UFD D]N RNH GQO O PL
LSUSN FDU ]HYQD PLKWQ
L[NSD RDQ[G RFH FHUH RDQ[ LWU [H[J KE ML[Y RLC LHSZ HWHE RLC ON PLSHC[ HD]N D
RLSZ COH KED ]HNIO FL HO RLC L[G [KD [[J]Q HSLC CQ ]HFDU PO ODK COH OC[LO HQYU [NHQG
L[QC UU HQYU LU KED CYHL GC[S PDQ[G L[DFQH PL[JC LFL OU HD[O VTN ]SL]SD COC OON [K
HY LL ]LD F PLSLSZ LSLF GSLD
PSLC HSO PLOCUQL PLFDU GI LWOH VHEG RLSZ HD HO L GQJOQD FDU JZO PLDNHN FDHU E
ZOHJ O[GQH PL[NSD RLD PLFHGLD RLD RN KZSH VTHL LZHQS LWU PD[ ]UFQ COC [LLE]GO PLOHNL
ON HCO C]HNOQF CSLFD GLG HOLWC VHEG RLSZ OC[L ]C L[NSG GSZL GOLOJ LN [DHTH
RLSZ P]HSZO CC KZS PL[NSD HOLWCH HSC PG LFDUH HSLOU PLQ ]HNOQ OHU LN GLSLQN
GQ[GQ CLDG RNH GLLD LU VHEG
CQ[