ON G]HC RLWLOJQH GSHGNO RHQQ HLOU RLS]HS MH]QH LKHHOD ]NO G]HC RL[HZ HLG GOJ]D COC
HOOG RL[FG[W P OU PLOHFEG PLSGNG ]C HSLN MNO GOHFEG GSHGNG ]C FJ [U PLS
HSD[ H[LW UH@ [ LWU RL[FG[W ]NO ]C[ZS P]NO RNOH MOQG LFL OU GSO GSQ PLWOJ]Q
>R]SHGL
DCOZ CJ PL[LQ DDHF ]H PL[HCDH PLHFJ UUH GNOG ]C G]HC RLWLOJQ [LW L[H
UFHL COG [QC] PCH FHJ [U PLS ON G]HC RLWLOJQH GSHGNO RHQQ HLOU RLS]HS MH]QH
MOQO RHQQ PLS]HS HLG [WO LH "HQYU RNTLH PLQF R]L UHFQH HCO PC CHG LHC[ PC HWSD PFC
PLZHFYG O ]LUKHQG P]UF LWNH >[DFG GOEQ HSLCH HQYU [L]TQH@ LZHFY OHFEG RGNG GLGL LFN
UFLHGL RD HD XWJ PHZQG L]LQCG GFHDUG [FT CHG MN
K VF
PLLSU ]HS]Q ZWT RLFD I PL[FS R[ U
GLC[G HLOU H[DJQ CLYHQG CO LQS LSU [UQH RHC[ [UQ
KF PLLSU ]HS]Q L[IU LDC S PL[FS KS[EG LHFJ
PSJD RGNO G]SL]SQ [KWLGO GLC[G HLOU H[DJQ CLYHQG [UQ ]QH[] RLSUO PE H[QC CO UHFQ PLSHC[G ]LHZ OU
COZ RLOHJDH JQ GKHTD CDHQD U PLSGNO G[NHQO ONHLH
R]HC RLKDHJ HOOG RL[FG[W MH]Q COHU [QC "POH[LD HGHONLSH HZTSH H[WS LS [UQ COC
PH[KW POH[LO PGL]H[LW ]HOUGOQ PLQNJ PH[KW RHLNH RSD[ HGSLJ[KC CO FJ DL ON
HJ[KL CO CQH [DFD ZHWZW CGL CO LFN GKH[W GHD P]HFWO CO VC OON PHJL[KG COH L[QEO
CDKL[ GKH[W GHD HOLWC ]HFWO
GHD ]HFWO PHDLLJ CO KHW PUK L G[HCNO [DJO PL[NHQG PLQH]JSD [DHFQ LQOH[LG LW OU TH]G H[LW GQ LWO
GOLJ]NO RLFN PLLHHD PFWL JZHOG VLFU L[G GKH[W
C[ZQ H[F LS FZQ GI GS[YZ] PLU[ ]HSH RHC[ FZQ GI PLQL V LTH] G ]C[L
HD PLFDHUG PLU[O PLQL [YZOH G ]C[LD HD PLFDHUO PLQL VLTHGO CLG H]SHN] FZQG OU GI
UU ]QC ]W LWU
C[GQ ]HFEC LHFJ GYZ D[ ]HD U PFC O HLQL ]DYLZQ PLQL [HYLZ ]WTH] OU
CL[KQLED [ H [ F X[CD [H[F P]C[ZH IQ[ PLS [UH ]HCQ UD[C FQU RHC[ FZQ GI
CL[KQLED L S N Q PNNH]D LSNQ L]]SH GS PL[UH ]HCQ UD[C FQU LS FZQ GI
LHN LGN C[ZLH PL[HKG OUD LWU
]HFQG [QCQ ]H[QCQ G[U PLNOQO OCSD[DCG H[LW ]QFZG FL DPLNOQ ZF[H L[ U RHC[G ]LDG RLSD ]HS OU FHU
O PLSLU [HCQ E
IK
K VF CQHL
XDUL[ ]HGEGD UUH@ GI RLSQ OU HFQU TH]G
PLOHFE PLSGN JL COC HD HQ COH RHC[ FZQ GI
MQDH PLOHFE PLSGN GSHQ HT[E F [LG [WTD ][H CDL[H > TH]G L[DF OU HZG GQ DLYSG LHFJH ]QC ]W
RHC[ ]LDD HQ PLOHFE PLSGN [U GSHQ P]HC HLG LQ POHU [FT LW OU GC[G CNIN TJSLW GQNJ
ZOJG CLG R[HWYG GQGDD CHG OQ PLSH[JC O OYN RTL[NQ PLSHC[ O RS[HWY GDHK DU
[]HL DHK PLSHC[D ONTG RN []HLD M[G ZOJG CHG T[NG HOLCH PHONO GLHC[ GSLCH []HLD GZG
LSKZ RLSUNH PLSH[JCD OHFEGQ CHG OHFE R[HWYN PLSHC[D RKZG OFHEG RLSUO RNH C[GQ PLSH[JCD DHJGQ
LL DLGF LDC LS]QQ GDU
P P][CS LWO ODD LSD PNO CSH LSC GUHDD H[LW HNO CSLST CGOC GLO [QC
PLZLOC HSD[ C[IU LQLD
RLCSH GF Z ]HJSQ TH]D [CHDQ RNH HSC PLCSH HSLLG CSLST L[G RN [W]Q HS]T[EO PE MC CGOCD P T[E
OC[LF CGOC HT[EH
PLSH[JCH PLSHC[ L[WTD HSLYQ DHLNH D[ [QC PL CGH HQN PLQNJG LWD GUHD ]HSHO ]HQHZQ GQND ]CIN HSLYQH
HSNSJ]S HOCN PL[DF FNH GUHD ][NIG ]HFHC EYZ CJ ][ECD CHIJG RHO HIH E G[HQ] ]UF VTHLD RLHYQD U
[WHT P]J ]DH]D [CHDQN ]QC ]UHDD [LQJGO HEGS FDOQ >OI C[EG ][ECD [CHDQN@ ]H[HQJD ]H[HQJO PDJO
HSC RLC PLSHC[DH QED RN HSLYQ VCH MND GQ O PL[DFD E[GO G[UG CHG PEH PLQNJO GCS ]JSD [HDLFQ CYHL FHU
LWQ GNOG RLFLQO RLCH DHLNH D E GELEJ C KT PLJTW U[O [QC C[Q PLFQO RLC HQN HSC PE RN ]HUO VOLQO PLOLE[
]UFN GNOG HUDZL CO ML[Y GLG OI FDC[G RNH C]OQ [FEQO PLNL[Y HLGH H[LNG PUK GILCQ HUFL H[LNG PG GUQ
HS]CQ PLQHOU PL[DF DHLN HC ZHOJOH [G[GO [HTC QEG O GNOG RLUN Q[G
GY[ HD KOH DZ[ RLC VTNN P]OQS C[IU LQLD PNOHN P]LOUH GQHJN PNQYU P]LU PC
HCS@ CKJG P[E COC DH ]LDG D[JS GLG COH GQO GOHCEG G]LG POHN HOUH HNI PC [QHO
RN CLDGH QU XH[J ]HDJQ LWU >F ]HN[D U@ HQHZQO OHZOZG [IJH >I DJ [GHI U ]HL[NS PLS
L[W PU ]CI DOLH ]QC ]WD NNH PLZLOC HSD[ H[LWD RCN [HWQ RNH LQOH[LGQ
T QU ZHFGQ ES DJ LL ]LD ]H[F L]S]HN ]C L]KW CG PL[LG [L U HOU CO ]HDLTG OU
LU]QF RCQF GLFGD LZO L[ LU]Q GHG COH GHG OC[LF CU[CF C[QF [IUOC LD[ GQH
GOUL CO RG "LU]Q GSJ [D [D GD[ LFGD LFGT COD CZTLU GLO HDGL ZHD GLFGD LZO L[
]HUO HLF RQCS HLSLUD GLG CO PHQ OHFEG H[DJ [IUOC LD[ PU [DFOQ USQS LZO L[ ]UFG OU
PLFU COO ZTU HQU
GI CYQSH GD [HWNLH GCHHOGGQ GOG JNL CQ PLFUD CO H[DJO ]HHOGO PLQNJ H[TC LWO COC
JHNO OHOUH H]T[LED FH[KH OLCHG PNJ FLQO]O FHJLLD [HTCO GU CULYQ CDDD HLEFGH HOLNQ
]H[D&G
b [Z L]W GSQOC] [QCS HQYUO GOOZ P[HE RN GHUG [QC P HQYU L Z O L [ H
]HULZO CQEHFN HKZS H]HC@ [IUOC LD[ PU ZHD [DFOQ LZO L[ USQS RNO Z]U ZLFY OU
GLG ]FW RD [IUOC LD[ GI FLQ] GE] G]DGCD H[QC HQN POHUG LSLSU ]JN LFN FU G[H]D
HQU [DFQ HGCH[G PFC LN >RHLOUG ZHD OKHQ HSLFTH L[HWY O RH]J]G ZHD G[H]D ZTHUH DHL
H]T[ED MQSH FH[K CHGH H]HHOGOH HOYC FLWZGO [WC PLSHQC LCO Z F Y D HZLIJQ GLG ZHD
IL
]UF VTHL
ZLFY OU [DFO GHOQG FLZWQG OHOUH MO L]DLLJ]S PC UFHL LSLC GSHQCD HO [QHOH JHNO OHNL
RW J L LCFH DN PL[FS U IE[ DO LSC GOHEG LSDD PE MN LCFH MN OC[LF C[QD PCH Z]U
LWU PLFU COO PFLD HFLZWL CO LFN ZHD HL[DJ PU [DFOQ LZO L[ [GIS RNOH PDOQ [DFG CYL
E ]HLOE[Q [[O ]HOOHU
RLUN ]HC[O [WCH JN GOLEQH HN FN RL[FGSTD U LZO L[ O ]QCG OU H]FWZGH HWZ] ]FLQ HSLC[ ]HQHZQ GQNDH
]C PLOUGO RLCH C[ZLN LIJQ PHQ DLLJQ LSHOWH RLNIQ LSHOWH LSHOW ]HOEO PLSLLFO L O RL[FGSTD LZO L[ ]UFD GI
HGQD PUQUOH OON PLSW ]CO RLC U FHT GOEQ OLN[ MOHG PHQ HJO JHL[ ][DTO J COH ]HUFG L] O PQHLZ
G[QHC GC[S GLG [IUOC [ OU FLWZG P RNH [Z LFU CLDGO HI GZIJHG G ]HNQD H]KL ]HC[O PE L GIDH ]QCG ]C
FHDND GUEW GNOG ][LQCQ LZO L[ USQS CO ]HL[HGF EW[ LQOH[LD GUQD PE UH H[QC JHL[ [W COH HQYUQ
]UF L[HUD FHU GC[H HI GFLQ P OU [WC CZLLF LZO L[O JHL[ HC[Z ]JC GT[E LWO I GOLUQ L[D UH CLSG
QU PLQNJ LFLQO] HQ CJ
PSHONH PD]NN
PHDN HOLCN DH]NG RGLOU GOUQ CGLQ RGLSLZ ]C HG MH]Q
ZSLH GCHDSD ]HKW]G ]OJ]G CHG LN OI H[QC HQN R[GCH GQ FESN OHZ OCHQH
RLN[LG ]HFZ CHG ]L[DG ]HFZ ]HQLO LFL OU Z[ GI [DFH PGLSQ
H[QCH HEH RHDNL [C PGLOU [QCS LOU LSD SHUD GLG HO GCHDSG ]HOE]G ]LC[ RN OUH
PG LW OU VC HCYL CO [HG[G LFLQ GI LFL OUF GSHHNG OSH HN PGLSLZ ]C HG MH]Q OI
PL[HG[GO HQ[E PG PLSD HC PLSG OY OS PLSD [HG[G MH]Q PQYU FYQ PLLZS HLG
HGIH CQHLF L[HG[GQ PHOJG CD LN GOLOD GCQHK LFLO HCDH PDOD PE [HG[GG TSNS GI LFL OU
CO U[ [DF ONQ P][QSH OU VCH OUHWD HCKJ CO WUCH PHOJD HSLLG HEH RHDNL [C
HQYU CLDL CO [ZLUG LN WS KCD H[DU CO GOLOD GCQHK LFLO CHDLH PHLD PFC [G[GL
GI OU HQYUQ DOD [HG[GG ]TLSN ODC HEH PNDDO L[JC H[H]] COH [QCS HQNH [HG[G LFLO
HJF RN PE CQ]TQ PGH HL[JC [H]O COH HDOQ H]HJFO ML[Y Z[ G[GICG ]NLL CO
LWN GIH PL[HG[GG ]TLSNO HQ[E ILUF HN HGL LFL OU GLG PCKJ Z[ PDOQ PL[HG[GG
[HC ]HKW]G ULWHGO OLJ]G IC LWO MC MN ON [HQJ SHUO LHC[ RLCH OZ CKJ GC[SG
[QHJ LN [HQJ CKJO GI DLJGO CQ[E RQIG ]L[DG ]HFZ ]HQLOO PLNL[Y HLG GCHDSG
HQN WSGH PHZQGH RQIG LWN CHG CKJ ON
]LC[ NU GIG GHFZG ]HQLO ]LON]D GLG RN OUF PLCLDSG O RD[ CHG OCHQH
PL[ZU FZHW MH]Q ]L[DG PEWQ GZJ[GG ]LON] CHG LOU LSD ZHJL[ ]HOE]G G]LG H]CHDS
QU F
>CIK L[JC GQNJ MQ U FNH GDLDTO TJLD CKJG ][QHJ ]HS]G RLSUD FHU@ FN GOLO LTLT[ UU
NZ [HC LFHQU ]HD GD[ ]HNL[C U LOU LSD LUQ RLSUD FHU
"RHNS GI PCG P]LDD COH GYHJ ]HCYHL [CN Z[H MC RQYU ]HKZQG PLSD OC
DU
]HYL[W [FED HI H]OUQ DN ]UFH
JL
K VF CQHL
RLLU GOUD FES KHZ [ZLUF DE OU VCF ]HHU RG G[HYDH DOG ]HSHHND LHO] ONG GSG
GOUD OU GSE]] CO LFN FT ]D
RHHU GLG GI COG XHJO G]CYD RLUG MHQG RWHCDH []HLD GQYU ]KZQ PC CTLE MFLCOH
PHZQ PLZQS GUS ]HQD]Q HLG PHZQ DT ]D TD [CHDQN RD[HJG ]UD PLOH[L ]HSD
HUL HNH PLJ[Z GUS ]HKZ]Q HLG
RN RLC GQ FLWZQ HSLC OUDG PEH GI OU MN ON ]HFLWZQ CO ]LDD HEGS GD[G C[DLC
M[F GI GSG ]FDHNQ G]HLGO UYHQQ RWHCD ]HKZQ ]HID]GO ]HYH[ RSLC ]HCYHLN
FU G[]L GI[WGD GD[G PLKLN] LSLQD ]HKZQ HOC ODC ]HJQO HSLFLD RLCH POHUG
POHUG ]HQHC ]CSZH G]HU[ ]CSZ O COC ]HYL[W O CZHF HCO GC[ RLU GLOU ]NHQ
ML[CGO RLCH RLLUH GIQ PLCD PLU[ PL[DF GQNH LFDUZ C[HTLC LCFH HC[]] GQO ]SLJDD
DEO GJ LHOG KD ]H KHWD
EO HJ LHOG KD [ GO U PLKLN] LHDL[ RLSUD FHU
HD G]LG LSWQ D[J GQ LSWQ PLFTJ ]HOLQEH ]HYQDH G[H]D RLZTHU HLG LS FZQ
PSJ ]CS
F[WS HQN L[QEO GIQ GI F[WLGO GI [HFQ [QS ]HLGO GYU HEHGH H[HG ML[UQG GSGH
GUD RG GQHLZH GQHCG VHEO ]HD[JN GZ HI GYU ML[UQG RQ C]HKQD KHOQ PG[DC
QQ[EG JLK LULD DH]NG RHOQ CHG P]US LS ]LDD KUQN HS]H[DH FZG X[CD HSLLG
]QJQ DTG PEH PLZHFYG PU PLH[WG ]ZHOJQ ]DLTD OC[L GOEH ]LDG D[JH X[C CKLO
OZLQ FJC H[W GC[ GUD HSLLG RLFG RQ HSLC GQ PE PLQF ]HNLW GD[G PSJ ]CS
GLG PSJ ]CS ]QJQ PHZQ ONQ G[LDU GU COC OON LZHFY GLG CO EUC [DF GILCD
GI OU IQ[ [DNH ]HUKD GHYQ POH []LGD F GD[]S GIQH H]HC RLFL[HQ LZHFYO HKWH
FJC LSLU ]HC[ LW OU [C RN PE ]CIN ]UD HJ ULEGO ]UFG RQ ZHJ[ HSLC GI ONH G[H]D
HSQQ ZJ[]LH ]HSLQO HSKWLH G ]FHDUD HN[F LW OU EGS]Q HSLC LSHOW GQFL ]FG LZLIJQQ
GOLOJ G PU ON ]JH HJ DIHN RHLQFD GI ]C GI PLWFH[ HLGLH
G[HIW GH GOHED PLHDN HSC GUD RN ONQH HS]H[DH HSY[CD HSLLG PC HOLWC HGI
PLQ VKD [WU HEO GSZ] RLCH X[CG [WUN GOHED PLOQS HSCH POHUG ]HQHC RLD OC[L
PHZQO PHZQQ COC HOEOEQ HSLC VKH [GS HOLWC IC ZYHQ RDC [WUG RQ GUS CO PC PLD[
HLGL HSLLG OC[L RDC ]HLGO COC GSZ] PGO RLC PLQUD OC[L MN L[QEO HFDCQ HSLC ODC
HGU[Q LC F[WGO [QCS MLCGH PFDCO PLOHNL RHOH GQHC RLC IC ]JC GFHECD PL[DHJQ
HJ KUQ KUQ HSHWKH POHUG ]HQHC HCDLH
]H[HFQ RSHD]GO HSLOU HSLSD DODH HSDOD V[L COH HSD[ZD ]FG ]C ZIJO HSCD PC COC
LFHQU HWWH[]S ZLFYG MOQG HGLZIJL GC[ GUD GSGH RSHD]C PLSZIQ DL]NFN PLSHC[G
[ZFL G[H]D ZTHU HSLC LQ ON [QCH [FQG ]LDD D[J XUS GU GQ IJC LQLD ]FG LFHTLH
G[H] FHQO] ]HYQ PO CO HSLLG QQ GQO CO FHQLOG GLGL RN PCF DE OU VCH D[JD
FY OU ]FG ]C ZLIJG K[WG GI PHZQ ONQ HE[GL CO LFN COC G ]DGCD CO RN ONQH
UHFLN OLUHQH DHK []HLG
G[H]D ZHTUO HSD[ZD ]HYU ON ]HUO ZIJ]GO HSLOU ]FG LZLIJQ HSLSWO HSFQO GI ONQ
KL
]UF VTHL
PLLSU RG PL[LU RG PL[HJDG ON HFQOL [LU OND HUL OC[L L[HJD LSWO PEH PL[FQ L]DD
G[H] LOHFE PLFQOQG HLGL GOLGZG LC[H D[G GID HZTU]LH CZHF XHDLZD
CGL OC[L LC[H D[GQ GJEGD CGL OHJ LFHQLO FHQOO ]HNOQG LW OU PLJ[NHQ PC PEH
RHEG G[HQ GILC [H[DO HFLD RLCH HLSDO ECHF FJC ON GLGL PC [WC LC GIH PLZOC C[L G[HQG
HL[HGD KUHD RDG P[HE GIH HJ[N OUD OHJ LFHQOQ HSD ]C JL[DQ CHG RN OU ]FG ZLIJQH
LC[H [HDLYG OU OKHQ [DFG GLGL PC ODC OHJ LFHQO ELGO LFN ]HOZOZU M[FD MOHGH
[C G[HQG LW OU GJEGG CGL ODC OHJ LFHQOQ L[QEO PGLSD ]C PLJL[DQ HLGL CO OGZG
PLLZ]L GIH GIH G[H]G ZTUO PLJHH[Q ]HU PLSWQ HLGL PEH G[H]G M[FQ H[HTL CO H[JDL
G[H] O GN[F GI [CD GC[HGO GOCN ]HUD PFHQLOQ HCYL ]HHZO RLC VCG PFLD
HGULLTO HO GOQU GD OQU WSH GD HC[ ON GSWQ LQD COC PLLZ]Q G]LON]H GOQU RLC
GQG G[H] LOHFE ONH PL[JC PL[DFD ZTHU GUD G[H]D OHFE ]HLGO [WC LCH GD ]HNIO
L[JC HC G[H]D PC[ HUZ PFHZ OHJ FHQLOD HZTU]S COC HSLC OHJ LFHQLOD PLQNJ PE
HULEL CO HOLWC PHZQ ONQ FHQLOG ]LON]O ULEGO [WC LC FJLD ODC G[H]D HOFE]S [DN
G ]C[L LFLO CLDQH ]HU GILCD G[H]G ZTU FCQ [ZL CHG GC[HGG ]LON]O
]FG LZLIJQ ]HD[GOH OC[LD ]ZHOJQ KUQO P[HE CGL PL]D LOUD XHDZD G[H]G ZTUH
G[H]G FHQLO ZTUQ ]HUO PC LN GYU RLC ]FG ZLIJGO PLCD HSC PLQ]DH ]QCD PC OONG
UHFLH DOO [HTQ COC HSLC GIH GQO CO HC GQO CHG PC GSLQ CZWS PH LOD [ZLU
HD[L RWHCG GIDH GQHCQ GID DHJOH ]UFO RLC HSO ODC FQHOG ]C JLOYGO MLC GDZGO
]H MH]Q GQHJO HSO CLG FHQO]G PHLZ LN H[LNL PLQNJ]QG PEH GSGNH GSGN G[H]G LFQHO
OCQH RLQL OU [QCQ FQ DJ OI DLYSGO [DF DLQ
PGLUQ ON PL[HDT HLG GOE]S CO PQYU PGO VC PSHHU GOE]S CO PLSH[JC [WO L HL[DF LW OU
DHO SHUG PGO OLUHG CO PGLUQ UH[D JNHHLGO HOLNG CO RHLNH GIO GI P]CS VC PLQ PO
RCN HLHFJD DLYSG D]N RNH HSD[JD FQHU RLLFUH PN[FQ
GWLCG HSLLG MO COH LO FYQ HC GLGL CO MO PE LO PE FYQ PC GCSZG JND [HQ U[ DO
RLC H[DJO DHK GLGL CO RHY[O LN FZQG ]LD GDL[JG PSJ ]CS HSLLGH H[DJ OU OHQO
QQ PSLJ CHGH OON ]L]LQC GDLT
HLG LS ]LDH PLQF ]HNLWH ]HL[U LHOLE G[I GFHDU PHQ D[JS RHC[ ]LD OI H[QC L[G
RHC[ ]LD O[GQ [CLDH PSJ ]CS PHQ D[J PLFTJ ]HOLQEDH ]HHYQDH G[H]D RLZTHU
D[JS COLQQH ]HDCG ]HFQ POYC HOKD]S HOC ]H[LDU OD HONSNH ]HDCG ]HNID PLLZ]S
KUQ]S ]HL[U LHOLEF U[G [YLH G[I GFHDUF C[YL OKD L[G LS ]LDD ODC FZQG ]LD
]NLWF HGLL[ILDCD [ZLUD PYQKYS PLQF ]HNLW O U[G [YL PE COLQQH KT ROGO [CHDQN
LS ]LD [CDQ O[GQH GJLY[G L[H GCSZGH GOQQG ]HFQQ CLG PSLJ ]CS PLQF
D[JS PSLJ ]CS LFL OU ]HFJCG GOKD RHLNH OC[L OON O ]HFJCG ]HNID PLLZ]S
PLSHC[O G[IJ JLNH] G[LD PLSH[JC O RTL[NQ PLSHC[ O RS[HWY GDHK OI H[QCH
ONGQ UH[E U[ DO LN GUH[E PSLJ ]CS L[G PLSH[JCO G[IJ COH
QU FJ HGLOCQ D]NQ MH]Q
N
K VF CQHL
GOLZTH ][N L ]HL[UH PLOHOE ]FHDU HQN ]HLUQ ]HYQD LN GC[S G[H]G LN[FD RSHD]GD
]HZOQ RLC OIE ]HOLN[ U[G RHO ]ZHOJQ HQN ]HFQH ]HLTHQSD RN CO ]HZOQH ]H]LQ [CH
PC ODC GHUG FLJLD CZHF GI POHC GUQ HD RLC HCO LHGF HC RLQHO]O R]LSG HCO LHGF
GI OU ]HL[UH PLOHOE ]FHDUD RL]JS [HDLYG PC MWLGO HSCYQ GID RL]JS [HDLYG
GQH[ DH]N GI OU ]ZHOJQH U[G RHO ]HFQH ]HLTHQSD ODC P]CQHK MH]D P]C RN:G
b
[QCS
PGQ M]SLN ZOT OHNLDN PLZOC PLQG OU
]HHYQDH G[H]D RLZTHU HLG LS FZQDH HN ]HL[U EHU HLG RHC[ FZQD H[QC HIQ GOHFEH
L[G HN PLSHC[O G[IJ G[LDD PNLSLU HS] PLOHFE PG LQ HOC PH PSJ ]CS LSWQ HN
HSL]HSHHUD ]D OHOJ OU RNOH ]HHYQD RL]JS PCQ []HL UH[E ]HFQD RL]JS [HDYG PCF
L[WTD H[QC PLOHOE ]FHDUD VCH [HDY PG LN PGO [JCL LN ]HHZO PLOHNL LIC KW]S PLD[G
THQJO PLYJH ]HD[JD PLNOHG ]HLTHQSD HY[W RHLN ODC RL][NS [HDYG RLC G][NSH WSGH
PGO DHJS MLC LN [JCL COH F PZSL PHZS IC V[K H]LLJN GQG LN ]HFQD H]JSH OHIEOH
HQ]L RG ]HLTHQS OU COG [HDYN PCH RL][NS RG ]HYQ OU COG PLFLJLN PC
PLOE[Q OU ODC PGO GY[]SH PGO GDZG OJQ IUD CKJG GLG OEUG OU HSCYQ RNOH
HQ]L GIG [DFQD [IESH PGO OJQ CO GDHK ]HLWNH U[G RHO GLG
FN JOD GQNJ MQ MH]Q
GQNJ U[] CHD] [W OCHQQ P D ]HL]HCG [U GO U GLSHZL]H GL]HDLT PSJ ]CS RLSU OU FHU
G[UG IK LL ]LD ]H[F JZ] QU DJ [H LOU H DJH HU CJ [THQH GQNJ ]UF CTZ DJH HY CJ [THQH
HOZ QU FT] HFGQ L
PYZ GOE]S CO PSHU GOE]S CO PLSH[JC PYZ GOE]S PSHU GOE]S PLSHC[
PGLUQ PYZ GOE]S PSHU GOE]S PLSHC[ EE GQO RDC U OI C[EG L[DFD HSCYQ
LUD CDO CSQJ[H MWLGO PLSH[JCH DHK GLG PDO LN PLLHOE PGL]HSHUH PLSHQK PLDHKG
]HOFEQ FCQ GD[G VLZQ HSON HSQYUD HSC PLCH[ HSC HSSHLTS LW OU GSG [WO GC[SH
HSLLG LCFHD OUHWO ]HCYHL ]HDJ[G HSL]HULFL ON HLG PC FU HNH PFCG LDHLJQH C[HDG
PLCH[ HSL[G GUQO ODC L[QEO HD PLZDFH H]DGCH G ]C[L PL[HFJ PL[HQE PLZLFY PLUS
DOO GSTSN] CO ]HULFLG LSWD PTHJ DOG PHKQK L LCFH L[G PL[HQE PLZLFY HSC RLC
]C ]HGNGOH KKO HO OZS CKJO [[HU]Q [YLGN RN OUH GUQG L[ OU P OHUWO
FES]Q HSLC U[ MN ON GI CKJ RLC HSQYU ]C GUKSH PGQ RLU PLOUS HSO PH[EOH HSL]HULFL
GUS [DN GSG PL] HC PUW [DN [HDUO MN HS]LTG RHLNH HNH DHKO HSO UHFL GQO L[QEO
HSL]HULFL PU OON FHELSD HSLC DHH [HQE []LGN HSO
COLQQ H[FJ PGL]HULFL ONH PHKQKG OHKLD O GE[FQO HOU PG RN HLG CO PLSHC[G ODC
LFLO HCD MLC RN PCH PSHZD ]HZDF O FCQ GOHFE GQ[ OU PGLLJ ]C HLJ RN OUH P]HDO OC
OND L[G LN HSQLG OHFE H[YL H[DJQ OHFEG ON [YLG ]QJOQD CHG OON PHQ "CKJ
VZH] M[FD [DE]Q IC GCUKGG M[FD JLOYGO [YLO [WC LC PCH G[LJD ]HLGO ML[Y GE[FQ
RWHCD H]LTGO HO [WC MN ON OHFE [YLG JN LN HONO LHOE GQ FES ]HUO P]T RHY[G
[HTD MN [JC HI M[FD [YLG [DE PUW G[Z IC PCH HQHZQO G[LJDG OZQ [IJ GIDH GI
CN
]UF VTHL
GDH]D PLD IC GCUKG LFL OU GGNS COH PGLSWO LHOE GLG PCKJ M[U PUFLD [YLG
DH[Z PYZ PEH GDH[Z P]DH] LHOE PSHU ]HLGD LN PYZ GOE]S PSHU GOE]S HSLLGH G[HQE
FLQ] G[L]TG ]C X[]Q P[YL ONG PU G[L]TD F L Q ] PDO PLSH[JCG ODC C[Q LHWYH
G[LDU GQH GHYQ GQ CKJ HSLC GQH CKJ GQ PGO [H[D RLC FU GCUKG LFL OU GDLLQH
QU CJ HGLOCQ D]NQ MH]Q GDH]Q ZHJ[ PFCGH GTHNQ CKJG HSLLGH
COQ PDDO ]HLQLSW ODC LHOED COC PSHHU GLG CO PSHU GOE]S PL[DF ][KWG VHTD GQNJ MQ UU
FZQD LQOH[LG ][F [LW GIDH PSJ ]CSL PDDO GLG LS FZQD ODC OC[L ]DGCH G[H] ]DGC
HNH]D PHFC PF UOH]N LSD POHCH PHFC UHDYG RDO KHJ CHG LSN PGLCKJ HLG RHC[
[THQH GQNJ ]UF FQ[ DJH HK CJ [THQH GQNJ H DJH I CJ DF ]H[UL U PSHHU GOE]S CO RLSUD FHU
G EJ
ZQUG O H]JL]WDH RCN DLYSG LHFJD CD [W LHOG ]LD U LSH RHC[ RD[HJD PUG O LSJH[G HDYQ RLSUDH
EJ HGLOCQ D]NQ MOLCH KQ[ MOLCH IK[ QU DJ [THQ ]HJL KZO EN LTHT DJ [THQH GQNJ ]UF [DF
J G[UG IK CJ ZHFGQ LL ]LD ]H[F MOLCH QU
OHZ ]DD RLQ]Q HLG RLLFUH
QU ZFY [DHF RLODHOQ OYI RGNG ZHFY LD[ RHO HI
G[W VHT [HQ [FQD H[QC OI[ RHOD OHZ ]D C[ZSG CHG C[FGF COZ RLSU GSG
GCHDS GZO]TS PLSH[JC PLCLDS H]QQ LDE RL[FGSTF ZW TH]D UH OHZ ]D HOHZO L PFC KN
Z[WDH U ]LG OHZQ C[FGF COZ HSLLG OHZ]DF TH]G H[W OHZ ]DD PLQ]Q RLLFUH
GS]LSF MN[JC PH PLQNJO GS]LSH PLCLDSG RQ GCHDS GOKLS C]LC DL C[]DCDDF CQZ
]HZHSL]OH PLKHO
OHZ]DG PU P H[WLT PL[HWLTD HSO HOLE GC GQD Z[W LQOH[LD OI[H FJC ONG ]QCGH
CHG Z[ GIO OON PLSHHN]Q RLC PGH PGLSLSUO PL[DFQG QQ PFC LSD OHZ ]ULQ CLG
ML[JCQ [DF GSUQ] MLSICH F C[ZQ P HGHFQO GIH ML[Y CHG GQO GIQ UFHL UQHG
LODD HFQO RNH
]LG MLC UFSH [LNS PLSWD PLSW HSLOC ]LG ]HUWGH EHHLIG RLCF PLL[HJC FHTD H[LW
]LG H[LWD [LNQ GLG F [QC GN [QCQD GCHDSG HGI FLO FLQ PLODZQ HSCH R]HSG
HLSWOQ [HDFG UHQO HIG PLSWD PLSWF G[NGG ZO]TS FZQG ]LD D[JQ ODC HQU [DFQ
RLC PLOOUQ [QHO GY[ PLL[HJCF OLUO HS[QC HQNH HFL [JCO N PUKN CHG HL[JCQ Z[
PLSHHN]Q PG HOC PFC LSD M[F HSHY[Q HOHZ HLOC ULQQ ]LG LN HSLLGH PGO RLHN]Q PFCG
ONO [H[D [NLGDH H[LWD ]LG ]SHHNQ MQS HSLCH [JC RLSUO GI [DFO P]SHHNQH PQYUQ
HL[JCQ PUKN Z[
FJC PFC ]OHUW HC OHZ PLUQH HC PLCH[ HLG [DF ON OU H[LW IC PLQ]Q HLG HDH
ON OU PGO RLQIQ ]LG GLG MNH PN[YOH PSLSUO PLUFHL HLG HSQQH OON PGO RLHN]S CO
HLG PLNL[Y HLG [DF ON OU PLCLDSG HQN OHZ ]DD ]HQ]GG HGIH PLNL[Y HLG [DF
[DFQ GLG PLCLDS H]QQH PLSWD PLSW MNH MN JNHSO PQU [DFQ ]LG QQ OHZG PLUQH
LEWLH OHZG ZHTWL [C PHZQD UDKG ]QNJD UHFLN C[FGF COZ HSLLGH HL[HJCQ PGQU
PLOFEQ HSD UDKG LQNJH OHZ H]HCN G[DG OHZ ULQQH [IHJH HD GNQ OHZG GZ [DF GILCD
DN
L VF CQHL
DH]NN [IHJG OHZ GULH [HIJL [IHJG OHZG PLQUW GQN GIO GI ]HOHZG PL[LIJQ HLG
HSLC ]QCDH [DF H]HC ULQQ HQYU LSWD OHZ CHG HOLCN UQS [IHJG OHZ LN PGL[WTD
HQYU LSWD OHZO COC [NLS HSLC MC RHC[G OHZF PLL[HJCG COC
GW OUD G[H]G ]HJ]W]GO GWHZ]D RNH RLSUG ]HGQD OLDZQ CHG OHZ ]D G RLSU P [CDO VLTHGH
PFC LSDQ ]LHSC GQNJN GC[S CHG LSWQ MHJ FHUH FN RL[FGSTD HGHSLN FJC FYQ LODD FHQO]D
[]TS OHZ H]HCO X[CGQ [IHJ OHZ H]HCN CHGH POUGD G [DF CHG HOHN FHQO]G [DF O H]LQCO ODC
OC[L LQNJ ]HDOO TSNS
]TSN L[LLQH GSQG LQNJ C[ CHG EO GKHTD ZLFYG RHUQ OYC HSCYQ RHC[G OHZ ]D G RNOH
OI RGNG L[DFQ RCN FU GOHFEG
DZULO ]QC HIK ]HQDL DHK PHL TH] JEO PL[DF LLJD HSD[ DQ DJ PLNHDSG G[HQ U OHZ ]D [HCDD FHU
EO GKHT
LS ]LD D[JS CO GU[ GDLC ]HD] LC[ GSQOCN G]LG PU L]D[ [LUG FFD GDL GNLC
THKLK FLD H[TQS MNOH >LS ]LD OU GOLEQG DH[ [HF L]D[ GNLCDH@ GU[ GDLC OOED COC
GH PL[DF JZH[G LWU HDOD HU [QCLH DZUL ]C HU PKLH HD [QCS HUQ CYL
RNH FHJLD GLOU HS[GIHG []HL GSHEQ GCS CLGH XHJD ][NLS GSLC DOG ]CSD GI ZHTWD [CH]Q HU
C[ZQD GFLJL GUWHG CLGH@ HU CHG [LU ]HD] LC[ LO GU[ HDJL LOU LCS ON ZHTWD [DFG IQ[S
P]CS L[G []TD H[DU L[WH PSHHU GOE]S CO LS ]LDD PCKJ OU RCN H[QC HQNH > [LU ][ O
JO QU M][H]Q ]HCOWS LWU GQLSW PDOD G]LG
L VF
PEH RHC[GQ []HL GWL GLG T[W MOQ [HN HCSD LSG ]LDG ]WLO PLZOC ]WLF DE OU VC
PLZLOC HSD[ RQI []HL FQU
T[W FLD OHW] LQH[ GFL]U LD[ [QC ODL[ [QC
[CN G[I GFHDU PLFDHU PSLC PGH PLOUQLG ]F GCYL [JC P]FD HS]S T[W G]U LN UFH
GQN HS]S [CN HS]S HOC PLSLSU PE LN [WCH PLOUQLG ]F OOND HUS COC P]OLJ]D HLG
UFHLG MH[DH ]HOEG M[HC ]QJQ JLQ LODJ O PLSLSU
HOHN POHUG OND PLFJ GU] P[C ]HNOQ KW]] FU CD FHF RD RLC RCN H[QC GQ LQS RNH
]HDH[Q PLS FHF ]LD ]HNOQ G[JC]S [C D[G RQIG M[HCD GS]S GI RLSU PC ]UFO ONHS CO
RCN PLC[HQCG HOC PL[DFO PHLZ L RLLFU PC HC LCFHD JLQ LODJD PL[HQCG PL[DFG HS]S [CN
L LN ]H]LQCD H[HCLD HSO UFHS CO P[C ]HNOQ ]HKW]G O HQYU GI RLSU C[ZLUQH UFHLG MH[DH
UFLHGL RD UFHLG MH[DH PLSH PLSWHCD H[WO
HLGL FU HLGL MLC PFC UFL CO RGD CYHLNH PL[DFG HOC ONH DDL PLNOQ OI PDQ[G D]N [DNH
EN