ZOQU U[IO Z[ OON M[HY HD RLC POHUD C[DS GJLY[H TUNG HQL [ZLU ON HGIH
]HSQJ[D P Q]G OU OHC SUSH GJLY[D QO ML[Y P GJQ] PGD [QCS
C[YL OHKLD ZOQU ]LLJQ RLSU HQYU CHGF POHUGQ GI [YL PE OKD]L HOKD]LH HJQLF FL]UOH
EN GOLO LTLT[ MH]Q GIQ MQS ONGF GHC]F [YL RHDLOH TUNF
EN VF
G[LKS CLG HILCH GQLZS LGHILC CLS]F DL]NF CHG RHQQD CHGG [K] COH PZ] CO DL]NGH
PC ODC RHQQD COC [HQC HSLC G[LKSH GQLZS [HTLC C[QED UQQ G[HCNO CO CWHEF C[UYH
PHZSO GOG LC[ >NZ DL[G ]H U PL[DFD VH[LJH HLD HSLLGF@ VHEG [UY H[DJ ]C PFC [ULY
RHQQ LSLSUD [DFQ DH]NG L[G CHG HSLSUD FQOG [DF H [HKLOH
HQU EGS CO LQ OLDD FTJ ]HOLQEH GZFY ]HUOQ USQGO CO OC[L PL[GIHQ HSFQO RCNQH
GQHFNH U[G RHO HLOU [DFO [HTC RN ONH IYZ PLC[L [WT LWU MN OU HDOD HO [HKLO HC H]LHHGN
FHUH OI PDQ[G D]N HQN HDOD [DFG ]HJQO ML[Y COC G[HTC FDOD DOD G[LKS HOLWC L[G
PLSHC[
GUQ ]UD Z[@ VHEG [UY H[DJ H[ULYN PE OOHN [HTLCG UQQ DQ[ CQ[ MHSLJG [WT L[DFQH
UQQ PDQ[G L[DF ]QL]TQ PEH >DLGO CO ]HFLTJ ]FQH RLFG RQ HLWH[LJ OU DLGO []HQ
PSLCH PLDOUSG Q C[QED HOCN PL[DHT PG [WCH VHEG [UYO RHQQD [DF RLD ZOJQ HSLC
GLO KLZSF HZLTGNH VHEG [UYO RHQQ RLD ZHOLJ RLC CSZTQO MNOG PFHZG XH[L]G GJFS PLDOHU
RHLID [DFD LH CLTG[WD HGHW[J PHQH PNJ FLQO] LWON COC PLTJL]Q PL[DFG RLC GLDLOD
VHEG [UY PHZQD HOLWC GDLC HO [HKLOH PHZSO [HTC PFC ON [CD ODC G[H]O
PLLJ XWJ LWU C[QHJO C]LL[HCF CZLWT G[H] O [HTLCD PLSHC[ ]ZHOJQD LHS [DFG RHLNH
KJ PLLJ PLQ [CD RLHCOO GJL]WD
CL] CO C] CO OU [DHU LN ]HUFG ONO [HTC GC[S HWHED GOG H[ULY PC HOLWC PL[JCO H]HSE ]HOEO FHU U C
UQHG PHQ
H]HHOGOQ USQGO ]HUFG ONO [HTCH VHEG [UY OOND HSLC HLSWD CO HGSLE I PLLJ PLQ [CD G ]HOLN[ L[HTLCD FFY FHUH
GZFYH FTJ HO OHQEOQ HC
C[QED T[E CO EL PLTS GUQ PDQ[G RD PG[DC HSD[ L[DF LW OU HS]LEHT PU MHSLJGH PDQ[G ]UF DLLQ LQ L D
LHC[ C]L[HCF LOLQ RLDH >[UYD RLD RHQQD RLD@ [HKLOH PHZLO [HTC PGD CQOUF LOLQ RLD COC VHEG [UYO RHQQ RLD ZHOLJG
CDKL[G L[DFD GI ZHOLJ [NIHQ RNH CS ]O DJ ET[O ]HHYQG [WTO CO[UW WL[EG H[LW LWU JSN [HKLOH PHZSO PNJO
G[HCNO UQQH [HK] ODH PHZ] OD PHQ [DHU HO ]SEHG GSLC GC CHSG HG GKHTD C]WTH]G L[DFQ [LUGO L FHU
MHSLJGH PDQ[G ]UFO [HZQ PQ [WCH RHQQ O HSLC [UYD VC PL[HQC HOC RLHCO C]WTH]G ]KL
LSOLCG HO [QC G[LKS MQHF[Z LSOLCG HO [QC [JQO MOEQ LSOLCG HO [QC GQLZS
THW]O FHQO]G M[F RN LN ZHOJH PHF[ZO OEQQ GSL MZHOJ LSOLCG HO [QC [JQO MQHF[Z
U H]T[E LW OU VTHS [DTG P D]NH CDKL[G LWU PLSH PLONQ PLON
T
EN VF CQHL
L]LLG [K] CO Z[ DH]N GLG HOLC MC G[LKSQ [QHJH OZ D FQOLGO OHNL GQLZS [HTLC LW OU VC
GSQ LWU GI OU FQLOH GI CD PGLS PLDH]N MNO ][]HQ G[LKSG HOLCH GQLZSG OU [LGIQ [QHC
C[QEG PD DD FZQ ]CLD MOQO
COC [DHU HSLCH RN]L [HQCG LWO MC [K] CO PHQH PZ] CO PHQ PL]D [DHU PZHSG ON FFY F RLN[U DZUL ]HOGZD
[D]TQ PSQC PLSWHCGQ FJC OND CLG ]JC G[GIC POHUOH GI OU GIQ FQOO LFN COC PL]D DH]NG PCLYHG CO LN FJCD
OU H]HC PLFLQUQ HSLLG FJC HCO DH]N GLG HOLC QOQG NQNH FJC HCO COC GD RLC PEG G[LKSGQ G[HQJ GQLZSG
GQLZS
PLDHL PG PLOHJD [W L[ PL] RLCLYHQ RLFLJLGH RLCLYHQ PL] HOLWC GOHJD ODC
PU PLD[HUQ PSLC COC CL[F GOHJN CO PGL]HUDYC HDNO PLOHNL HOCND [DHFQH PFDO
[CG
PLSGNG [C PU OHELUD PLFQHU PSLC P]HCE ]QJQ H[LW R L [ L G L G H MH[UD CDHQ PLT[HE LH
[ PFDO COC
OND L[OQ [JC H[LW HNZ GDH]D PDQ[O PLCQ[G LSWQ OFHE COH LO CO RLCLYHQ RLC
]JC LQS HO RLSHQ LCQ @ ][JC T[E MQGD C[QEG XH[L]D PEH LO PHZQD HO T[EH RLSUG
RNOH@ PL] HO PLSHQ GOHJG RHEN ]HUDYC L] CLYHG LQ HH[LWH H]T[E LWOH > O F H E D
>FDOD ]HCYHLG ]HUDYCG RLSQ COC UFHS CO PLSCG RLSQ LN RLSQG RCN []HQ
PLL]TQ RLSQG GC[LN L]CYHG PL] [QCLH ]JC UDYC XHHNL CQ ]HUDYC O PLCLYHQ RLCH
GWWHNO OZS LSWQ OFHEC PLCLYHQ RLC GDLT G]HCQH HD
EOC LJ ON PC ]H[QCQ G[U [WTD GOLW]DH FZQD OFHECG ][]TGD FHTG M[F OU FHU
GCQKS COH [W[WQ LSD RLLFUH PN][WN CHG L[G [QC [W[WQ CHGN HCYQH ZHSL] O HLDC CD
PLZLOC HSD[H CDKL[ LWU CQKQ HSLC RLLFU LN HDLOQ RLNTG OHKLO H[GQ [QHON RLNT
JO CJ PL[LQ DDHF ]HD U LJN DJS GCQHK RLSUO TN[WQ RLFD FHU
OIF CHG PLQF ]HNLW GSLQ UQ PLQF ]HNLWQ []HL PLON ][GK PGLOU GZ MFQOO
HOE[HG RHLN PHZQ ONQ HSD OU DCG ]ECFD RCN [DHFQ LW OU VC CQLLZ CQLLZFN PLON ][GKH
PL[HCDH PLHFJ PGLSD OU PE PL[INC HUS MN ON PLQF ]HNLWD
HGNG LQ UFHS CGH DL]N HGNG LQ UFHS CO FHUH CLS]GH CLG GWH[U GOEU LLH]C ]D PLOH[LH
PLCLDQ [LUG MH]D OOJ CYQS [CN PE RCNQ JLNHGO RLC GDLT G]HCQ GLNDD ]HD[GO COC
OCSD[DCGH EDO[G L[DFN PLCLDQ RLC [QHO L >GHHGD DH]NG [DLF GFD [QCSH@ GWH[U GOEU
GNCOZ] MHSLJ ]JSQ LWU GLNDD ]HD[GO COC RLHN]S COH
OHDI ]LD ]H L[C ][HDE UUH [LUD OOJ CYQSN VC GWH[U GOEU PLCLDQ RCNQ JLNHG GFHGL GSJQ [WTQ P CLDGH
KJGN DJ
TN[WQ CYQSG OU GWH[U GOEU ]CDG ]HFHC HS]LEHTQ D]N GQ Z CJ PL[LQ DDHF ]HD UUH
CT
]UF VTHL
L[ L[DFO G[HCNO "PLON LSD G[LN GFHDU MO L CLG GFHDU M]UF CZOT LC DU
[DFGH RSJHL LD[O PLFED UD[C OU PLWLTHQ RLC M[FNH PLON LS OU VLTHGO LC[ RGNG RLC LZO
LSWQ G[IUD HTLWG CO MNO HD]N CGH GF GN ROGO TH]GH@ C[ LHOLED G[IUDH JDIQD FDHU GZ
DLLJ CO LZO L[O CQH >G[IUD C[ LHOE FHQUO FHDN M[F RLCH PGQ FJC O H]WSYQ OKHS
PLON LSD G [ L N RHO UQQ RNH GUD[C DHO GYH[ PC ODC PLON LS COC DH]NG
ML[YQ RSJHL LD[O ODC PLON LSD P[H] LZO L[O GC[S RFG ]C PL[GO CD OHFE RGN PC
PL[HCDH PLHFJ CZHF GSHQD DLLJ OHFE RGN GC[S KHLFGO PLFED GUD[C
[JC C[ LHTLN HDOO OHNL NCH PLFED GDH[Q F OHTW HD RLC G[HCNO GC[S PLON LSQ []HL HDOO LC[ FFY GQ LWO
GSHGN LFEDQ HSLC
FDUH [FTN CO PDO PC ODC GOJ]NO COC GI RLCF GC[S PLTSNQO PFHZ [DF CGL CO RLSQ
GOHTW H]FHDU PLFEDG [FT GSQF HSLS COH DNUO C[Z QED L]LLQ COF G[N H]FHDU
GOJ]NOF HD [QHO MLL CO H]CYH] Z[ COC GHYQ HQYU RLC [DF ONF TH]G HD]N ON GF] HT GFSDH
GSHGN LFED ]LDO GSQF PDQ[G ]KLO [HZQ RCNQ ILWOH [JC RWHCD PE [N FDULFDH MN GUL
CKLO OYSDS C[EGQ GQYU LSWD GU ]HYQO
PLHFJ [WTD GID U PL[DFG MQG P [TJH DH]NG HLOU GS RHLN DNUQ CHG [QHO FFLYH [DFD RF L[C ]H[HDED
PL[HCDH
KQ RL[FGST DHJ IC CJ LHOG ]LD GL[C ]EC U PLDH]ND PLFEDG [FTH GLDOG [FT RLFD FHU
]HC[W[WH PLQUK PLSLSU
HSLC GIG JSN KUDG PD PNJ FLQO] HSLC JSN [KHSH PZHS HSLC PNJ FLQO] ON
KUD [WTD CDHQ FDOD PLQ PO COC LLCG HFHDNOH H]CSGO GSLC H]QLZS MN PUK LE[Q
FHUH JO TG LKHZO XL[HZQ W[ PD CDHQ RNH ]GU
[DFD RQI [JCO HLSUGO HDOD [DFG [QH COC H]FQN GW[J HO DLQ HSLC [LW C[GQH
CLQF LOLQD Z[ PL[QHC LH FHUH L[LCQ CDKL[ U PHZQO HSHDOU JLSQ PL[WQ LH RKZ
RFO GF [DFQD [Q]LC ][QQ UUH OLUO [NISN CQOUF LOLQD COH PHZSO HO L
UYW PFCO "GQHF CHG GQO PZHSG MHQN MU[O ]DGCH MQU LSD ]C [K] COH PZ] CO
ON MN GSHC[G ]QZS PHZSO GLSG FLG ]C UYHWH [IHJH GLSG HFLD RLNTD ]JCG HFL
FK PL[FS LQOH[L MHQN MU[O ]DGCH ]JC WS OC[L
COH GHU HSLCH FTJ HSQQ PLZDQ PFCQ G[LKSGH GQZSG LSWQ G[H] G[LGIG PUK
HSLU ]H[Y LSWQ RHC[G ]C G[LGIG
LHC[G ]CH H]OHI GCH[ HSLCH HO OU TJN COC [JCG OU HSQQ ]CYHL GCS RLC RHC[G LWO
EGS COQOC L[G HO OU TJ HSLC HQYU OU FLUQ MN OU [HKSOH PHZSO CD LQ ODC HO
HQU EGS]G H[DJ OU GCS GOFE COC GYWJ WSD HO R]HSH HOLCQ GLG ]HU[D H[DJ
DT
EN VF CQHL
[]HLD G[H] HLOU G[LGIQ GCS ]QJQ ONH ]HU[D
PLHFZ [DF ZQUG PLSGN ][H]O FDC[G H[LW LWU
LN GQHFNH ]HUQ HO GHOG CO GDHK HQU GU CO OU H[DJ OU PU[]GO PFCO HO RLC
HOYC HIG GDHKG LG ]CQ DYZS CO CQ]TQ
ONHC RNLG PLSC OCH RDHC[ HQ LCO ML[Y FJCO OQ GI OU OLQQ GLG FJC RHCEH
CYQS COH PO MOLH PGQU HSL LOHC PLSC O XHDLZ CYQS LSHOW PHZQD HO HSU HCYQO
"RDHC[ COH LHO HC RHUQ HQ GQO P PLWTCSG OU PU[]GO H]UF OU GOULG RDHC[ P
L]QCG RDHC[ ]C ZDO [JC PHZQO ]NOO HLOU Z[
LCG GI RLC L[JC H]ZD ]HCOQO GYH[ HSLC LCG OU PU[]GO HO GQO GIG [DFG RN
HQU DLKGO HLOU [IES LQQ GDHKG ]C ZDO ]NOO HLOU HQU DLKGO HLOU ]LG RHY[ GLG
CL[D CGL HDOH H[JTQDH PLLK[WG HLLJD HL]HU[CQ OND H]DJQD FLQ] ]CI [LLYL HSC L[C
PLHFZ G[H]G OU PLLJ XWJ [HKL COH PHZSL CO PL[JC OU H]CSZ GOU] CO POH
QG ]CYN HLDGCH [QHC DH]NG PGLOU RLDLQ RSLCH R]W[J RLUQH RLDOHU PSLCH RLDOUSG
H][DED
PLU[G HL[DFD H[DJ [UYO UL[GH OLJ]GH FJC OC[L CD PC UQQD RLC GQHFG LWO
H]ZL]D GLGL FHUH PLNWHG GO RLC RDCN PFCG ]HLGO [WC LC UQHG HGSUL CO
HLN[DQO HQN HLW[JQO Z]H RDCN PFCG ]HLGO G[H]G GHY] CO ]QCDH RLWH[JG OU GFHQN
OYSLL RNDH PFC LSD V[JOH KKHZ]GO OLJ]S COH ]CIG GFQG RQ ZJ[]S HS]HC GHY] ODC
RLCH PL[HQEG PLKHG L]OHI PFC LSD HGHW[JL CO GKKZOUD HSLC LQ LN GI ONQ PFC
PLKHG OU DO ]]O
]HQLUSH OHTOT M[F HO DLL PNJO LHC[ HL[DF OU DLGO PFC LSDQ V[JQ HSJL[NL LOHC PCH
CQG MLOLH HLWH[JQ PLUQHG OC HQYU OYSLH JHSL PLOLTN ZLJD TUN LN GD[G TUNL COH
PFC LSDD PLDHKG M[F HGI V[JQG OU
DLGO HI GC[HGD PQYU TLSNGO HY[L CO MN ON P]HFLTJ GOHU PFC LSDQ ]N L POHCH
RLDOUSG OI H[QC PGLOUH LFQ []HL GI RLSUD HKW]LH TUNG PGLOU [DEL RW [DF PGLW[HJ
JO GHYQ MHSLJG [WT MH]Q PLDLQ PSLCH P]W[J RLUQH RLDOHU PSLCH
CQOLF HC CQLLZ CQLLZFN PLON ][GK ODC OIF CHG PLQF ]HNLW HGO CLUDLC DU
LFFY LS LN GC[S RSHD]SNO C[LQJF CLG PLON ][GK ODC CQLLZ CQLLZFN PLQF ]HNLW
MN ON L[INC GI DC GLG RHC[G FYG LWO D[UQQ J[IQ ZHJ[N GIQ GI PLZHJ[ HOOG ZWTG
LONG ][GK OU MC COC ]HQO PLLJ RLD [W[WQG HSD OU HDO P HSLC LHSC E[ ]WLK COO
GUD PFC ON [CN GLG L[G CQLLZ CQLLZFN PLQF ]HNLW GJSGD CTLE MFLCOH
PLON ][GK COC HLOC ]CYHL HWSH UHIUIH GQGF] COQ HOHN OJ[ [W[WQ HSD ]C GCH[
FCQ GGHDE GE[FO ULEGH PLLHSCG HL]HE[ OU GI PFC GOU]GH [DE]G L[G HLOU G[HQJ
FCQ GGHDE ]LSJH[ GE[FQ OUDN H[WO RN]L PLHTQ GUQ GHUG PFC HSC PLCH[ GSG
LHSC POY FHDLC MH]Q HGU RN]LH
ET
]UF VTHL
L[QI GUQ PLOUQ CO TJSLWN [N ZDQH L[QI GUQ GHU OI[ [QCQ KW HGIH@
RN [N HLOU ZDQ HQYU L[QI GUQ OU COC HFLD PL[JC PLUQ OU [N ZDQH
>HL[JCQ []]TQ GQ ]UFO RLC POHUOH PHON JLNHQ HSLC HQYU FYQ GUQG [HQCN
[WTG VHTD XLDOCHQ J[EO [THQ ]HJL LWU
[QCS MNO [WO L "PLON LSD G[LN GFHDU MO L CLG GFHDU M]UF CZOT LC
Z[ HFUHS ]UDEQH KSDCG LN ][CW]OH FHDNO PGO GU] ]HUDEQH PLKSDC PGO ]LUH
PL]HJWG PLFEDG RQ DHO RFG ]Q[GO PE PLN[YS ]SH]NH PLTSNQ HOLCH ]HDHJ ]HFHDUO
UU QJN GHY] GQNJ MQ LWU PDQ[G L[DFN
[HICG FESN RG G[CW]D OC[L [KHU H G[HDED OC[L [IHC ]HFJHLQ ]HN[D HFJLL OU MND PUK R]LO LH
IK RLN[UD CDHQD UUH PFC ONO PLN[YSG PLFED [C OOND PSLCH OC[LO ]HFJHLQG ]UDEQGH
LN GHC] FES FD LTSNQH PLQF ]HNLWH IK RLN[U TUN OU ][WNQ ]SH]NG CHG FD HFQ
GO D[Z]GO OHNL TUNH GHC]D WNU LZS CHG LQ OU IQH[H ]HL[U LHOLE OU PL[WNQ PLTSNQ
HY W[ JHOG LQ
FN VF
OU FQOO CD COC GFHDU GL[JC L GFHDU ONQ GD[Q HSLC [QHON L[F CO [DF ONH [DF D[H
FHQO]D RLC OON H[HF HSLC [WO RLC ODC ROGOFN K[WH OON O CD CHG [WC PE HC ]HCIG
CDKL[ OONO HC LHDL[O ON [HF HSLC LQ
[QC] PCH CLG GFHDU HCO GZOFG "DLLJLO ZLOFG GZOFG CNLC "DLLJLO RQ R]S DU
GFHDU [FED CLG L[GH RQG ]SL]S CLG G[HSQD GSH[JCG GFHDUG ]CYQS GFHDU GSLC GZOFGG PC
L[LCQ LWU [DFG ]QQ]QH GQLOQ GFHDU GSLC RQ ]SL]S PHZQ ONQ LN RN [DFG RLC GQ]
GSLCH [ID G[N >LD RLFLQ] QOQ U H]CYHG RNH@ RFG ]JSGH OLCHG LH]D HD]N RFG ]QH[] RLDH GI RLD ZOJO ML[YH
[ID G[N GJSGG MNQH HLOUQ RFG ]QH[]D GFHDUG GQOS JDIQG LDEO OLH GQ] GFHDU ]DJS GQ[GG MNO GFHDU
NCQ GQ] GFHDU CLG ]DJS JDIQG ]FHDU LDEO MNOG P[]SG RFG COH JDIQGQ ZHOLTG CHG GFHDUG [ZLU JNHQ
FHUH ]QC ]WD UH GZOFGD COC G[HSQG ]FHDU GQOS CO G[HSQD
L PLQTLZG ]]YG LWO OI PLSHC[G H[W CLG GFHDU HCO GZOFG CLG GFHDU C]LOC ]]YG
GOHU CYHLG DH[D ZLOFG RHLN GOL]WG ]ZOFGN CO GN[UQG LYUD ZHOFO ML[Y [HCG J[HK GD
C[H]H PLSL TH] CDKL[ LWU GLOCQ ]DGOG
GDHJ GFHDU LCFH QQ GD RLC GZOFG LSWQ CO@ GFHDU HCO GZOFG [LW JO ]HJSQ LCRHIJGH
GZLOFGO ML[Y GLG CO PYUDH FLQ] [S ]HOUGO CHG RHY[G >]H[SG ]ZOFGD GS]LS CO COC CLG
FT