O PJL[ ]C JL[G Z[ GUC ZJYL GIN HJ HSL ]HLSJH[D PE PLHJD RLFUG CHG JL[G
GTSNS LLQJ VHT ]HFOH] G HN[D [C GF JL[N LSD JL[ GC[ ]HOUW]GD C[ZH DZUL LFED
J[HQ GLGL JLQG MOQG PLSLUD GCH[ CHG HOLCN MN ON [H[D GLG GI JL[H RFU RE JL[ HQU
ODC C[QE FHQOO ]UFHL GSLC GC ECL GLUL G ]C[LD HJL[GH DH]NH DEY RL[FGST RLCFH
]SQ CLG ]HEGS]GG ]HSLFUD GE[GG ]HZF ]LDGQ ]KOHZ CLG CHG PNJ FLQO] GLDC PC
G HO RLC G[H]JL[ ODC DKLG FHQOO UFHL LQ L PLL]LQC PLQNJ LFLQO] O PZOJ
MHWGO G[H]JL[D LFH GD L G[H]JL[ ODC FHQOO ]UFHL GSLC J] ]D LH GIQ HS[QL
JN HGI GQNH GQN ]JC OU GQYU G[H] MN G[H]JL[ PCH RSU[ UKSO [WUD ]QG [H
GD PLLJ GLJQ LFTJQ GI ONH MHWLGG FHT GD L ZGH]G O G]HFZ
PLFJG GOC ON OU KDQG GLG P LN PHLG FHU PL[NHI US [HQFC OYD VWH]TGO HNI GOC
Z[ KUQNH HNWGS C O RLLFU HC [JC LCO HLGH HNWGS [ D N PC P][HDJO HWTH]S
G[HY DOH G[HY KW PO CD LQ ON LN ]CI ON G]C[ RLU L[CH P HFFQ GI GFLQGSZD
MHWLGG FHTO TSNGO G[H] LLJ L[ZLUQ HGI RNC CHG GQ LWN FJC ON [JC LCO MWGSH
[JC LCO MWGS ]HLGO
DU VF
]H[UGH PLSHLY
GY PLJDID CDHQDH PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOCD U GI RLFD PLSH[JCG ]HKL OU
GSHGN LFED ][WN OU
GZHO GSHGN LFED U[ZQG
KLOWH FL[ OC[L O RGLCSHQ [LL]S CO GSHGN LFED COQOC
DU
JW PLJDID CDHQD GDJ[GD GC[
G[H]D ]H[HQCG ]HFLQG HGQH G[U RHYLJ GSHQ DGI O LQLSW GU] XU O LUYQC
MN [JC Z[H HN[C LYJH PL]QC PLK LYU RH[C HUH [QCS MN LHWLYG PFHZ XUG RH[CO HS]LS
GY MHSLJ ]JSQ LWU DGI H]C ]LWYH [QCS
XHJQH ]LDQ DGI GHWLYH G]LG ]JC GDL] HW[ PLOZ LQOH[LD LZO L[ L[DFO
]HNOQG []NQ OHFE G[H] []N RHLNH HNOQL PLNOQ LD [QHO FHQO] CHG ]HJW [QC] CQ
]QC ]W EL ]HL[HGD C]LCFN OHFE RGNO PFHZ MOQ L[G GSHGN []NQ CHG OHFE LCFH
]QHL D[ZG [IN HSLF G[H] O G[]ND Q]QG ]H[HGO ]H[I RHO KZS HSQLG G[I GNI CO
GQH[] ]HL[WG [WTD CDHQ PL[WQ
XUG GQH PNJ FLQO] HSLC H[DN HNH] RLC PNJ FLQO] ON CD[ [QC HSWY] XHJQH ]LDQ
LWU ZLFYO LCHS GLG CO U[G [YL COHOLC MN DGIO LCHS GLG CO XUG COHOLC "UYQCD GHU
P CDHQ [FQ
YZ
DU VF CQHL
LIC H]HSQHC LON CLG G[H]G G O R Q H C F C]HQF CQT GO RQHC COF CLLJF CQT GO RQHCF
HQZ CJ XD] LWU PLLJ PT HO ]LUSH GL[DF ]QLLZQ CLG
PLZHTU PLSLQLLQO L[WH C]HQF CQT GD PLOLCQQO LLJF CQT GD PLSLQLLQO JW ]DD HQYU CD[ [QCQ HGI GC[S
RLQL RHOQ ]HSQHLQ O DH[Z ]HSQHC RQHC RNH [ZLU CLG HSLQL FLD Q]QG PFCN GFHT ]UFO PLFH[KH PJN OND
DKLG H]HUO HD GJQHQ CHG L[ZLU HQL [QHON
ONO GCHW[ CLG G[H]G O G]OUQDH GJHND RLQCQG GSHQC RHOQ R Q H C F [LW LQ LH
G XWJ LWU JW ]D PLFJ PLFEQ PLLJ PT HO CLG VHEGH WSG LCHOJ]
[QHON RHQC HOYC GLGCH G[H]D DH]N M[FNH OFEQH MSJQ RQ)C
s
RHOQ KWO []HL GDH[Z ]HUQQD [WO L FHU
PLJHWLK RDD HQN GD ULZQH G[H]D [LF] ZTHU
KN RLFZD CDHQD U
G[H] FQHO MN [JCH GC CHS
PSHONH PD]NN
JZLH CDL JZLO GYH[G ON CHG JSHQ RLLFU RH[C O
G[H]D HZOJ GDJ[G H]UFQ CLYQGH FLJ RHC[G PNJFLQO] [JC PNJFLQO] ODC
CDH HQD CULZ[F C]DL]QD PL[QHC HFLJG GIH FJO FL]U ZL]H FLQO] GQ ON [FED
]DH]D RLLUH ]UF ]DLSEH LOLOW RHU GI L[G RHC[G P [LNIGO LOD HQ OU GI [QHCH [JC
LFL OU GID CYHLNH GID OLZQG ]UF OKLDH GID [LQJG GQN FQ LT CJ CQZ DLQH OCH
HQFHZG ]UFD LHSL GILC TLSNQ
CD PCH HD [FE]SH FJC UEL [DN G[H] O UHYZQD [WT [DJQ OU FLWZGO RLC LW OU VCH
RLC GI UHYZQD GJQHQ FLJLG RHC[G [CS CO GI LFL OUH GIG UHYZQO RN PE TSNSH LSG
]LHI R[ZD ]JSHQ G[H]H [ZWG GF GHFZG HSL][H] LN HL[JC PLCDG OUH LSG OU GULD]
LOD ]H[LD PHZQ ONQ G[H] FHQO] ]HNOG PDQ[DH OI[ H[QC HQN GSOKL OHKLO GYH[G
RHC[G ]C [UYQ
PCLYQG FJC [DJQH MN ON PLUHFL PSLC PLSHC[ ]HKLD ]HULFL OU Z[ UEHS [DFG PC PEH
RHFSD FSUOS GQ GI HQFHZG LFL OU GID GNI ]UF ]HOEO PLSW ON OU LSG [DJQO LHC[
EL JJ LHOG KD ]H MH]Q DHLNH GI
CYZ
PNJ FLQO] HSLC H[DN HNH] RLC PNJ FLQO] ON
GULFLG RLD G[L]T GLG] CO Z[ CO ]CIH ]H[L]T LOD GLGL CHG ]QCD RHC[G [FEG
HQYU PFCD G[L]T GLG] CO COC ]HCLYQG RLDH G[NGGH
GQC]G ]HLGO GNL[Y G[H]D HZTU CHG H[D GOHHUQ G[GKGH GC[LG CLG HI CLEHTD HNH]
LC D L[LWO DO PLO LH HQYU PFCD [Z CLG GID GQC]GLC GC[LGH G[H]G ]ULFL RLD
G[H] G]H CHG GI PFC O HFHQLO OU GSUK RCN L LN GOHU GD LH PLQN G[H] G]H
HC [[HUO GQHFNH RLL HQN ]LSJH[ GUWG PGO RLC ODC PFC O HSHCQY PLHH[Q PLQ PLQN
GUWG GUFHS CO ODC ]HULFLO HSHCQY ]C GHHL[ CHG GI LC O H][H] CLG MN DLGOGO
P N J F L Q O ] H S L C G[H]D HL]HULFL VC OU GI LC G[GKO PC GC[LO PC G[H]D HL]HULFLO
EOZ] QU DJ [H LOU MH]Q
]UF VTHL
GUQO GOHN ]SHHNQ GHFZG G[H]G POHUG ]HQNJ RLDH G[H]G ]QNJ RLD L PHYU OFDG
Z[DG ]C [ZLUD GNL[UQ CLG POHUG ]HQHC O ]HD[]G RN CO POG PFCG ]C FLQUGO
][HF GSLC CLG PFCG ]HQLO PLLJG LCS] [HWLO G]OUH] ]CH GWLG G[LYLGH LONG
PLLK[WG PGLLJD HEGS]G PLEHOHNLTWG LOHFE GUQO GNOG HL]HUF PLLZO [FS HSLC VHTHOLWG
]HSLFU G]HCD HLLJ ]C ]HLJO DLLJ HSLC [[HQG CLEHOHNLTW OU HGQ UQ CO POHUQ LQN
HL]H[LYLD GOE]QG WSG
DJS HSLC HLUQH H]QNJ RLD G[L]T L PFC HI ]LS]ON GLEO PHZQ RLC GHFZG G[H]D
G[H]G PNJ FLQO] HSLC H[DN HNH] RLC PNJ FLQO] ON OC[L OONG OYC CNQT[D
HSC RNO UHFLN HLUQ RLDH H]QNJ RLD HGON OZ ZFT OU PLOHFED OHFEO ][]HHQ GSLC
GTZ QU DJ [H LOU MH]Q GUQ LFLO CLDQ FHQLO OHFE H ]HUO ]SQ OU FHQOO PL[FS
Z[H MH] G ]C RZ]OH DOG ][GK ]C GOLJ] PLOGO HSN[UO ]DLLHJQG GFHDUG M[F CLG HI
PNJFLQO] O H]FHDU LN PCH PLLSHYLJG PLUQG HSLLGF [D G RHZL]D OF]GO RNQ [JCO
H]FLQ CD] ]HLSHYLJG ]HOHUWG JNQF HSLLGH H[DN HNH] ]QOG O RWHCD GLG] GNL[Y
O GSHNSG GSLJDG [C HSC MC IWT PL[L]OLTQG L[DFN ]HLQLSWG HL]HUHS] ]QOGO
XHJG OC MH]G RQ CLG HSO GFHDUG ]DHJ LN CHG LCFH [TJH ZL[ [FED GSLG HSO MH] G
]LUQG GFHDUG OC CDO RCNQH DOG ]C [GKOH RZ]O GOLJ]Q
GLG]H CQEHFO HSO GOLW]G ]C HSO JZS HS]FHDU ]HGQD JNHHGO HSC PLYWJH HSJSC PLSN PC
CLG LWN GOLW]G ][HYD RSHD]SN GSG HSNH]Q DOG ZL[ RNLG FU GSQCS ]HFUO HSO ]CI
O G]HGQD RLSU PH HSO RLCH OON PLOOW]Q HSC RLC KUQN [QHO [WC HSOYC ]LUS
]LQLSW GE[G PH COD ]HOLW]G ]C [QHO HOE[G LWN HLWD OQOQQ FJC ON COC GOLW]
PLQ ]C[LH PLZOC ]UFH GSHQCQ L[QEO DOG ZL[ GQN FU RQCS ]HC HSO HGIH DOG XWJH
HI M[FD Z[ LN GD[G [THQ FHQOO HSO L HSQYUD HGQ RZ]O HSC PLYWJ ]QCD PC RN OU
L]LQCG RNH]G ]C GHGQG GSHQCD HSDO ]C COQOH HFHTLQ OONG ]C [GKO HSLFLD GOUL
GFHDUD F LSWO FHQUO CHDSH GOLW]D RNH]H RLSU CYQS IC Z[ HSCDDOL[FJD RHNO LHC[G
F LSWO GLHY[G GQLO GDH] CLG HIH GSS[DH GJQD PNDDO OND O HI
ELZ QU DJ OYI [ CL[EO [THQ ]HJL KZO MH]Q
G]LQ PT HO ]LUS GNI CO PLLJ PT HO ]LUS GNI
COH ]UFO GQNJGH [FQG GD[LN RN RLC GQ GUQG COC [ZLUG CHG [FQG CO
[NISN HLSW OU H]NWHGH CD[FC COC RZ]L LF COH HLUQQ GDH[Q GQNJG GLG] GUQG
]UFH GQNJ [THQH ]HJNH] ]UFO GD[L PC HOLWC HSQQ OHFE H[YL H[DJQ OHFEG ON [QCQNH
[]HL ZLIQ RN PE GHC] G]HCO FJHLQG [DC H]HC ]HHYQD GD[L COH GHC] G]HCQ OYSGO MLC
HQYU [LIL GOHZOZD GKHT GCH[G ON [LIS ][WO GKHT ][W GNQTS GQO [QCQ CHGH
HSLC MN ON [THHGO ]UFO GQNJ HO RLCH GOHZOZD GKHT GCH[ HSLC PC RN RLC GQ RLLG RQ
HSLCH PLSG ON H[THHS H]HC[D LN GD[FC MWLGO CHG G[HCNOH RLLG RQ HQYU [LIGO ML[Y
H]HUO CO ]QCD []HL RLDQH [IHS CHG H]LLC[D LN OSG HSL[DFN CHGH "[LIGO ML[Y
HLSW OU GULFLG MWG]] CO HLOU REGO GUQ RLLFU HO RLC LN []HLH []HL [HQL ML[Y ICQH
DYZ
EU VF CQHL
PC ]UDH[Q PC GNH]D PG LONG ][HYD PLS]Q PLQO GOQS G[H]G CHG RLSUGH
HL]HFLQD U[ PCH DHK PC PFCD PLS]Q GQNJGH G[H]G RN GOHEU
QU EJ HGLOCQ D]NQ UUH CS X[CG L[W
PLQ ]C[L LOD G[H] FQHO LQD OI H[QC RNH ]HQG PT HO ]LUS GNI CO PC L]OCS
]LOUG CO D K H Q
RHDZ[Q GCHD]G ]C [QQG [WUG RLKQHJ DZ PGD ]D[U CO PC
"G[H] FHQOO HS]HOWD HSC PLC[ MLC RN PC OZOZ]] GCHD]G ON L[G
][H] GHFZG G[H]G PE PCH PLSW ON OU FLQ] FQHO PFCG RG OC ]LWK GOC MC
][H] ]C HFQHOD HQYU ]C ]LQL ]H]LQ LDE OU ]H]LQ GQND ]HQ ]SNT H[HDU ]SNHTQ ]LG
GO CHG OHFE LCSE LN GQYU G[H]G LWON HGI ]LOUG CO DKHQ H[QC GQH DHJ[GH ZHG
TJLD ODC POHU LLJ GFL OU ]HSZO HO GLG [C ]J] ZIS GFL OU HQYU OU KLQL PFCG
CO [JC OU OIC GQQ OHFE HSO RLC U[ ONQ CLG G[LQ G[H]G RLLFU PL[JC PLFQOQ O
LWON MC PSGLEQ HLOU G[Q H][H] HL]H[LDU ON ]H[QO C]LL[HCD ZLTUF GLSLLFLO RFLQ
HS]HLGD HS]LLOU LN[YO HSO R]LS [CHWQG LOND Q]GO OHFE OHOLJ GI L[G GQYU G[H]G
]LSJH[ GLLOUO GFL OU [[HU]GO LODQ G[H] FQHOG COC FHU COH GFL[L O DYQD PLLH[
ONN ]HULDZD G OHZO [JN HQYU PLQG PFC ON LN H]FL[L ]C [LDEL Z[ FQOL GQ ONN
OHZ ]CL[ZD RLJDGO OEHTQ DH GLGL CO FU HQHKQK ]WLOZ GDU]] RN HSHCLQD FLQ]L [C
H[HDU ]HQG PT CLG H]GGNGH PFCD JH[G LLJ HGL[G HDOD ]QCG OHZH L[QEO ]QCG
HQHKQK [DEL LCFH G[H] FQOL CO PC POHC ]HQ PT GQYU G[H]GQ GU H]ULWD CYQS
QU DJ HGLOCQ D]NQ MH]Q L[QEO G[H]GQ ZJ[]Q LFL OU []HL GD[ GFQD [JC RWHCD
]S]HS GNI GCHW[ CHG PT PLLJ PT HO ]LUS GNI OYI DHKNCTQ PG[DC [ ZG[G PD
COH ]HQG RQ Z[ H]OLYQ GCHW[ HO GUS ]HQG PT GNI CO PLLJ O GCHW[ G[H]G HO
CD GQO CO MH]QH GQO CO FQOL HLFJL C[QEG L[DF HZFY RNOH PLLJ HO ]S]HS
KL[ QU CJ CF ]HCSD HQD CDHQ RNH CQ QU EJ ]H[HGK ]H[QC [WTD CDHQ GQO
EU VF
GSHQD FDHU GLG CO POHUQ RHLN [QC] PCH RLFL[HQ COH FZD RLOUQ PHQ KHLFG RGNN
GF[HG RCN RLC GUQO L[G PLFED GSHQD QO LHC[ C]L[HCFQ LWUC GDLC PHQ PLFED
"GHFZD
DJS GI L[G ROGOFNH PLQH]H PL[HCD OHCO PLFED GSHQ DHO GLG GQJOQ ]UD RHLN LOHCH
UUH ]QC ]W PLFED GSHQD FZQD FDU CO LWUC KHLFG RGN LFEDD FHDUL PC FHZD GF[HG
DLYSG LHFJD
]E[FQO GOU CO POHUQ L[G [Q]LC OCS HZLTG GQ LWO COG GZG DNHK ]HL[HG LCRHIJGH
DHO RHLN OLUOF C[DTN [QHO HO [D]TQ RLC GC[SNH KHLFG RGNN FHDUL PC GF[HG RCN RLCH GFHDUO OHFE RGN
PC GFHDUG PYUD COC PLFEDD GLHO] GSLC GF[HGG LN GF[HG ]DJS KHLFG LFED H]LDO L[G GQJOQO PLFED GSHQ
EYZ