RSD[FQ HO [HTC [QHO PHZQ GLGH ]HF[Q ]NQ GZHO JLE QCLD PDQ[G D]N HQN ]YZQD GCLD HOLWC G[HTC COG
M[F KZS JZTTD UH HDL PLUES CHIJD HOLCH IN[ [LCL ]HJ ]]HD D]N PL[DFG L[ZLUNH MHQTO LFN HLFL TLSNGO
QTNGH THZ[HZ L[GN COF PDQ[G ]KLD ][JC
HC OON GNLQT RHUK U[HYQ PC RLC PHQ HC [UG RQ ]ZJH[Q ]HLGO GOHNL U[HYQ PC ]KLJ G[H] RLFQ CSZTQO
U[HYQ PCD DH]NG RHO ]C ELFL U[HYQ [W GQNJ MQ [WTD [W GIDH C]L[HCF HCO GKLJ GNLQTO VN] PHQ
JDIQOH POHCG RLD HKJO OHNL HSULQG F Z G P H Z Q D GOUG ]CH ]CKJG ]C KJL [C PHZQD DNG ]C KJH
H]FLQU PHZQO MHQT KHJO ML[Y RLCH GZHO PO TSNSG FHZQ PHZQ FZG PHZQ
HSLC [QC RSJHL LD[H UE] CO FZ OND GZHO [QC LZO L[ FHZD UES CQK DU
GZHO GQH[]D UEHSG CQK RSJHL [O GC[S PL[DFG ]HKWQ DL]N GQH[]D CHGG GZHO
RCN TH]H L[Q QNH GZHO HSLC FHZD UEHSGH
KHW GC[S@ FZDQ GQH[]D [QHJ HSLYQ CO [DFG PUK OU TH]G HGQ] FL ]HNQ [JC PHZQDH
L[U RLFG RQ PLSHUH PL[LGIQ RLC L[G [QHJH OZQ FHZ ]ULESD ]HZOO CLHZD P]SHHN RLC
L[LCQG POHCH >FZD COH GQH[] ]ULESD HCO H[FO [D]TQ RLC [FG ][DT OU CLHZG COC RCN
[]HL GD PLOZQ PLSC LSWQ G]ULESD G[H] G[LQJG GQH[]G ]OHZ PHQ CZHF CQ PUK R]S
GCQHKD GONCO HCHDL J []HL GD LH PLFZDQ
FQOO COC HCOD GULES ][GIC OU C[QEG ]SHHN RLC LLH[FQ GQO [G H[LW P TH]G HCLDGH
CDL ]HQH[] MOQG [U UUH PDQ[G ]KL CLG RN MOQO GSQD D]NH GULESD GQH[]G ]C OTHW PHL OHDK
D G[UG HNZ LL ]LD [WTG C[D CDQI Q[EO L[WTG [YHC RCN GFH] JDIH FZG ][GK
PHQ H[HTLCH G]HC HCQKD GQH[]G FLTWQ [JC FYQ [HTLC L [DFD HCO RLC WUC KHWH
[FE GULESD GZHO ]HUF R]HCO VC FFLY DHK[ CJ FHL GQ ]H[EC ]HDH L]HQH[] ][QQ
COC PFC ]OLNCO PLFUHLQ PSLC FNH RLS[ND GSLQ CZWS UH GQH[]G FTWG PHQ CHG [HTLCG
GULESD PFLTWQ HSLCH GQGDO
C]LL[DD HSLS L[G GQH[] ]ULES OU GZHO L Z O L [ O ]FHJQ GKL I ]HUHDD RDQ[OH
ZOJ CDKL[GH MNO GFHQ LZO L[ PE [WH GQH[] OOHN FZ OND
FZ ]ULESD Z[ GQH[] ]ULESD ]HZOQ RLC UHFQ ONHQ PUK VLTHG FDL UL[I] GQNJ MQ [WTD
GOLNCG OC ELLTN HSLLSU GULESG [HTLC LWO PLSHC[G ]ZHOJQ [HNILC COO ]HKLWD RN KZSH LZO L[O
PN@ H]ULESD VC GZHO GL[DFO ELLT G[H] G]U MNLWO ][N DHLJD PLFZD GOLNCG L[GH
G]LQD GONHCG RLC GCQKSH GD UESN FLQ COG GQH[]D POHCH >PDQ[GO ]HL[UO GD[LZ OU PLZHO
ZHJ[ G[ZQ CHG G[HGK GQH[] ONHCG CQKD COC G]LQ [LHYL COH K[W GF]D UH EW RL[FGSTDN
GOLNC LFLO CHDL CQ GZHO GD UEHSG CGL MN OU ELLT ]HUO RLC MNOG
FO VF
]HD[O [DGH C[Z [QCF GZHO ONG L[DF [D ]CQHKD ODC VHEG ]CQHKD ]ZHOJQ LLDC [QC
FW
FO VF t PLJDI
GCQHKD PONC PC PGLOU ]HZOO C[Z HGSLD[ LNG HOLWCH HGSLS GOLNC LSD HCOF GSHDOH PLYU
PGQ U[E CO GZL[I PFHZ [DH > HQ P C[QED ]JC RHON GFHQ P RHUQ LD[ VC [WCH GQ ROGOF PLQNJN@
[DGH [Q [QCGH GZHO HSLC ONG L[DF [D ]CQHKD ODC VHEG ]CQHKD ]ZHOJQ [QC CD[H
RHUQ LD[ HZOJS GQ ROGO LOND HFZ RHEN RSLZTU LCQD CNG "GSHDOH PLYU ]HD[O
RLD [D ]CQHKD RLD HZOJS HQ KZS C D [ H GCQHKD GSHDOH PLYU ]OLNC OU PLZHO PCG PLQNJH
RCN GC[S GQ ILWOH LGZ ]HSHLOED UH RCN TH]GWO ONG L[DFO L G[H] [HTLC POHCH VHEG ]CQHKD
OU RCN HSF [O VC CQH RHUQ LD[N COH PLQNJO Z[ HSLLG >WNU LOND HFZN@ GZHO CD[O VC
UYH GCQHK PHQ G[H] [HTLC HD RLC GZL[I PFHZ [D CD[O G[HCNO CYL ILWOH ]HZOQG OU COH [HTLCG
GC[S JL QGHTW HL]HNOGD UQQ RNH GQ ROGO GSQG H[LWD PDQ[G L[DFQ GSHDOH PLYU ]HD[O
GSHHNG PLYU ODC GCQHKD GSHDO ONHC GSHDO [W GC[SH GSHDOO PLYU RLD ZHOLJ L
][HKZH GSHDON CO GOLNC RLSU OON MLL RLC PLYUD PHQ HQUK GC[SNH PLCQK PLYU DL[ZQ
FNJL CQZ QGHTW L[IU LDC MOLCH ELIKZ [HC LFHQU EQ ROGO DLYSG LHFJD FHU GID UH GQ ROGO GFH] JDI LWU
PL[KZSG PL[DF Z[ PDQ[G ]KLO HL[DF V[H]H GI RLSUD ML[CG FNJL RLFZHQG LOHTW LHOG J[EGH
PSLC PLYU HOLCH GZHO RQYU ]CQHKD GSHDO HC ][HKZ ONHCG MNOH C]L[HCFQ HD[]S JDIQG OU
GI RLC >[DF ONO RD[Z ]HLGO PLOHNL PLYU PE [DHTG LD[N RO CQLLZ COF LCQO@ GD[ZGO PLLHC[
>PLYU RD[ZDH LD[ ]UFO HGI HLFJL GSHDOH PLYU RCN HOON GQH@ RSD[FQ GOUQ COC
[DN CO G[H]G RQ [NG PLNL[Y GSHDOH PLYU PDQ[G ]UFO FLJ HGQZ MHSLJ ]JSQ [WTDH
H][NQ FHZG ]DLJ FNH
PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOCD HO RLOHJ ]UF VTHLD KH[LWD U RSD[FQH C]L[HCFQ FHZG ]DLJ RLSUD FHU
HSLC [QC LZO L[ GLJD LELOW LN GZHO HSLC [QC RSJHL LD[ GCQK GQGD L[DLC GOUQG
OU HC GLJ OU RD[Z ]HFZ GOJ CO LZO L[ ]UFO PE PL[WQ L PHON COHD HLOU [DHU
FO RD[Z GSQQ HDL[ZL CO [C GCQK GQGD DL]NH@ PHQOUD OU GWLFU GSLC GCQK GQGD
RLOHJN PG L[GH > GCQK ]C[ZS CQ GLOU GHFZ GOJ PC IL G[HQ] C[QED HSF GWL[K GQGD HOLWCH
PFD GF IU ROGO TH]G HD]N MC HCO PC C]L[HCF G[IUD RLOHJ PCG PLCS] HZOJS PSQCH G[IUD
ONG L[DFO G[H] [HTLC [DFD RLC PLYU PO GD[ZGO PLLHC[ PSLC PL[DF JDIQG OU GOUQG
RSJHL [ HZOJSH G[IUD RLOHJ [HTLC RCN RLC RNOH PLYU PO GLJ L[DC GOUG RCN [DHFQ GI RWHCDH
PHQ [HTC LCFH RD[Z PO PDL[ZQN ODC GU OONQ CDG HCO PHQ [HTCO L PCG LZO L[H
G[IUD RLOHJ PHQ [HTC LZO L[O VC FHF FL [WTD D]N DHLNH GG JDIQ L[HTLC JQ [HC G[IUD RLOHJ ]D[ZG
RCN RLC G[IUD RLOHJ [HTLC PE MC RD[Z RCN RLC PSQC D]N UU GQ THT DJ LHOG ]LD [WTDH
>CW C[]D CDDD HSLYQ RLUNH@ GLJG OU PLQF ]HFZ GOJ LSWQ
PNH G]OLNC OU GZHO PN GZHO HG JDIQ L[HTLC PDQ[G ]UF GCQK GQGD L[DLC GOUQDH
PDQ[G PL[WQG HD]NH [HQCN GCQK GQGD RHOD G[H] G]C[Z PHQ]OUD DL[ZQG GZHO
QTND U HCO OON GD RLC GCQK GQGD L[ ]KLN COF RLZHO LELOW CO CQOU LOHNF [W
DLYSG LHFJDH G[HC R[ZD UUH GFH] JDIDH QJODH
KW FJ LHOG KD ]H GW VF RLHCO RLSUD ]QC L[DF U PLWU]TQG PLSLSUD FHU
GW
]UF VTHL
UQQ G[HCNO HOHELWO GY[QH OLCHG HQHZQO XHJH HSQIO XHJ COC PLL[L GHU RLC DU
GLOU GFHDU P OHELW ]DJQD GFHDU CHG PLOHTW [CO GI OHTW RLD ZHOLJG PUK
G[HCNO GC[S RNH PLOHTW [CDN CO [NGD RL[L]QG ON ]D[ZGH GCY[G GD CG] ML[Y L[G
[NG ]ODZD GSZ] L ]CKJD RHEN ]OTHWG GQO CO ]DJQ DJ PC GI LWOH L[ RHOQ
HSQIO XHJ ]DJQO COH PLOHTWG [C ONO GI RLSUO GQHF GQO CO ]DJQ L[G
GQO CO MOG HC ODZ HC KJ PC >GOLUQD PH[E HSD[ RHOQ ZLLFO L HQN@ [QHO [WC MC
[HIJO [WC LC MNOG OTWLO P[E [JC [DF COC G[NN GZL[IG PYU ]DJS GZL]D Z[IH
GFHDU G]HC DH ]HUOH
GUQG LN PLL[L GHU GDJQ OHTW ON [QHO GOLJ]D FFLYH [DFD RF ]QC ]W [WTDH
OLUHQ RLC GQO CO D VC UQQ HKHWD PSQCH OTWGO HO P[E [JC [DF COC [N HQYUON
DFL QGHTW L[IU LDC LWU ]CI G[LNIG CO C[QEG UHFQ [HCD ML[Y LN PC ZH[ILH [NG [HIJL
RLOHELWO GY[QH OLCHG PUKG C[QED HKZS UHFQ RDHQ RLC PLL[L GHU GDJQ OHTW ON CWD FFLY HQN KHZSS PC
[QHO GI PUKO HN[YHG RDHQ [NISN ][JC GFHDUD HC GQYU GZL[ID DLJ RLD ZOJS PC POHCH CWG GID LE[G HQN
PLL[L GHU GZL[ID HSQIO XHJ DLJ HOLWC
PLJDIG OND ]OTHW GSLC LWO GQYU GZL[ID DJ HOLWCH PLL[L GHU GQO CO ]DJQ VTHS PUK RN]L POHCH
]CDHQ RNH RLOHELWO RLY[QH OLCHG PUKO HN[YHG UHFQ GZ CO GI LWOH [HDLYD [N LSWQ PLL[L GHU CQKN GI L[GH
GUQG PYUD ]QEHWG GDJQ HI RLC LWO PLL[L GHU GQO CO DJ CQK P D]NH G FK CHIJD HI G[DT
LWO LOND ODZ]S CO CQ COC "LUFL CSQ LOND ODZ]S CO COGH GFHGL [O HO H[QC
>LOND ODZ]S PLUFHL HOLWC@ VTHS PUK LSWQ RN ]HUO RLC PL[DHT PLQNJ UQQ ROGO [CHDQG
COC HOKDQH WSG PF OU PF H]HC GD[ [WCH GWY[G OU MHWG ]LYQ]G PF ]DH[U] PHQ
JG LFLQ ]CYL CO OKD HSLC HSLQD RLQ LN PF OKDQ PF RLC M]KLO PE GFHGL [O HO H[QC
GT PLJTWD L[Q [CD]Q RN ZWTG RQ ]CYO PFG VHTLCD ]OUHG COH LOND ODZ]S CO CQ
[JCO MWS PF H]HCO WNU GZL[IG OLUH] LFN ZH[IL CO UHFQ HI GSUK GQ P TH]D HZGH
LOND ODZ]S
MNOG VHT [DFO RLCH JG LFLQ CYHL MSLC POHUO [DFD HJO ]CD PC CLG PLQNJ ]SUK L[ ]UFD [WO GC[SH
L[WFN PG PLIL[I PLSGNG LWO LOND ODZ]S CO GIN ZHJ[ J HJO RLC [DHT GFHGL [H HJ] OC
][JC GC OHFEG RGNO PLSLZ]Q PCG EL P C[QEG [HCDNH CQHL L[ GFHGL LD[H PLQNJ HZOJS HSLYQ [DFD CYHLNH
HO H[QC PLQNJH []HLD ZHJ[ J CHG PL] H]HQL CQ J CO ODC H]C ]HQ] CQ J GFHGL [ WNGHLO
OON HJS CO MNOG VHT [DFO RLCH POHUO JG LFLQ CYS CO G]LQO HJS PC
RLSUN@ [WCG ]FQ LWN HOLWC OON HJO HSO RLC ZWTG LFLQ CYS CO ON PLQNJ ][DTO GFHGL [ GFHQ PYUD UQQH
L [DHT Z[ >U VHT [DFO RLC [LUO [LUQH [YJO [YJQ NC GFOHJ G[[LE CQ RLHJ RLC K PLJTWD HSLS
>JN RLKED CDHQD G]LQO JD GFHGL [ ]KLD UUH@ []HLD ZHJ[ JO [LDT J RLD ZOJO
JDIQG LDE OU OHTW PF ]HOUGO [ H T C H LOND ODZ]S CO CQ PLQNJ L[DF H[W P PLJTWD TH]GH
[DFD PLSGNG ]HIL[I OU PLNQHT GFHGL [ PGO DLGH
HW