PLO]NG ]HFHTL LW OU H[LNGO HONL RLSDG PHZQ F
[QC CJWS ZJYL [ HLOU DL[ZQH FQHU OHFEG [ OCNLQH LHSD JDIQ HC[ [IUOC [ [QC JDIQG PHZQ
][HKZ JL[ HJL[G HOHN ]LDG ONQ [QC LSQJS [D OCHQ [ PHZQ H]HCD JSHQ HC[ ZJYL O H[WC
PL[DC JL[ HJL[G PQH
LNCOQH GL[NI LEJ PGQU HOU PLCLDSG ]HFU LW OU HQHZQ HUFL C]LS]Q RSJHL [ H[QCH
OU ]HSH ]H[HY KLOD] [HLN GI [QHC LD[ HGQ PLCS] HZOJSH XL[J UZHQ VZLG RHO DHN[N G
DDHTG GI [QHC GFHGL [D LTHL [ LHSO HDLDTQ JDIQG [LZ
GSKZ GKLOD VZG HLYJQ GOUQO JDIQG [LZ OU FJC HO HLG PLDDHT LS ZJYL [D RQJS D[ [QCH
GLGH HDJ[ ]HQC L] DLDTQ JDIQG EED VTHS DDHTH L[DL[O DHN[N G CHGH LHSO DLDT H][EHJG
]GDEHQ H]WH UZHQ GLG HZLOJL CO LFNH PLSGNO MHOLGO QQ
O PLQ HFQO L[GH PLFZ ])S5h HG]OUQH
b
DH]NN J[IQO PLSHW HSQQ LSWQ JDIQG PH[FD GLG DNG H
L[DFOH DDHT GQCH FHTL GQC RNH]D ]HOONSH@ GQC DO HN[C RLQLO COC HGL CO ]HSLW ON GQO
]FQ ]CYQS ]HQC U] GDHE JDIQG EE FU ULEQH IK HDJ[H >PHZQ H]HCD FHTL GLG CO FS D[
GDHE GQC ON OU ]HQC MQ HUHWL
RLF PLLZO JDIQG RLDH HSLD ZLTWQ TH] [NLSH OHFE [LHC [WG COC JDIQD UEHS HSLC DNG GYZ
GOHUG L[DC ][KZGD GZL[I
CHIJD UH RCN TH]G L[DFN COFH DDHT GQCQ []HL [LHC GLG D]N IW ROGO TH]D PLLJ HSD[
M[HCD GIL
FJCH DDHTO ULEQ FU J[IQ RHHLNO RHTNOCD GOHU FJC LIN[QG DNGQ PLCYHL HLG PLWTHS PLDN LS
RQ PLOFDHQH L[ LWU PL[L MHWO LD[UQ FHTLO GSWL JDIQG RQ F[HLG RGNG LFN FHTLO GD[UQ HSQQ F[HL
UHD[ PLLZO RNH JDIQO DLDT PLLZO LFN GQLS COQN JDIQG
R[ZH TH]U [CHDQ [DF HD HSCYQ CO [DFQD ]HJSG JDIQD DNG O H][HYH H]HGQ OU
G[HC
GQHFE GQCD GQC OU GQC POFE GQ GU XU L[LIE I
GQC OU GQC G]LG GN[UQGQ HKODL CO LFN L[WN VTHL D[ ]QYQHYQ HC ]WFHUH ]JHH[Q HH[LWH
PDQ[ ]H[HFO GHU R]HQNH GCT FHE ZJQ LDHUD
ODC GQCQ []HL PLDJ[H PLNH[C HLG CO GSHHNG [WO FFLY GQ CQHLD ]QC ]W [WTD
TH]G ]LHZ DLL GIDH GD[G PL[YZH PLZF HLG RN]L
GQH[E T[E MH[UGH G[TJH G[YZ [W L[ GLQ[L LD[
E T VF
"]HJSQG ]HYQZS RNLG C GY
"GYLQZO ]QFHZ GJSQD GOHUW HILC D
"L]QH RNLG LQ LFL OU ]HJSQG L[LL ]OLNC E
"PQ XQZHQ H[F GQ F
"]CKJGH GJSQG HZHG GQ RLSUO G
IUZ
]UF VTHL
RHWY ]HSHUK RSLCH G[IUD PHZQ OND ]HYQZS ]HJSQG C
EGNZ JSQ TH]UH PDQ[H L[ LWU CKHJ ]JSQO RLFG CHG
ODC RHWY GSHUK GSLC GYLQZG PSQC ]NTQG VHTD ]HKQGD ZQKD CDHQ CDL[G ]UFO
]JSQD COC PL[HQC PSLC HL[DF D]N LQ L RHWYD CGL ML[Y LOND XQHZG HFLZ
DLDL ZGUQ L[IU LDC LWU CKHJ
GFHJ FESN JDIQG O ]LD[UQ ]LQH[F R[Z OC LOND GJSQG ]C FHUH FL GKHT RGNG LEQ GYLQZG PFHZ D
L[ GFHJ FESN CZHF HCOH R[Z O GQH[FO [QHC [IULOC LD[ GKQOQ JDIQG LSW OC G LSWO
GIDH JDIQG LSW OC PLLZO ZQK U PH[F FY O ]LD[UQ GQC MH]D LEGO ML[Y ODC FL GKHT
LEQ QQH J]WG OHQ RH]S JDIQG PH[F L[GH RHWYD JDIQ [DT LN G LSWO LSG C[ZQG PE PLLZ]Q
TH]U ]CKJN FHTL GSHUK GJSQG LSWQ GJ[IQ COH GD[UQ PH[FG GYZD
[DFD HZW]TS CE GKHT LQOH[LDH FL GKHT LWU HLFH LONG LEQ COC JDIQD UE] GQYU GJSQG ML[Y RLC@
>PL[WQD U
FL GKHT L[LCQ DLEL HDL ZGUQ PDQ[ PLQNJN GNOG C
PDQ[ CJL ]HJSQ GSQ G[N JDIQO GOHN GJSQG ]C LEG CO PC ]DNUQ GSLC GEG D
CLEL ZGUQ
GLOU DLLJ [IG RLC POHCH HO RLHFZ CDKL[ ICL QGHTW PDQ[U RGN LELH [HIJL [I LEG E
DLZ ROGO GSQ LWU G]LQ
RQ PFCG ]C ZLJ[GO LFN ]HYJ FU GOLOH PHLO PLUOZG RQ PLSWO GSHGN L[NIO ]HONCS ]HJSQG E
FZD P]JSQ ONO PSD[Z ON CG RQ PLFZG FZQ MO GLGL GI [QCS ]HN[D L[ G[LDUG
PCOH ]CKJO ZGQ HC GFH] LQJO ]JSQQ PLFQO GOLOH PHLH H]C ONCL [NI ON HSONC] PLFZG
IL ]HSD[ZG GUQ PDQ[ CL ]HJSQDH RCN L[U
OYCQ CZHF HCOH G[IUD PHZQ OND G[N GYLQZG [QHON ]HFQHU [IG LOE[ PHZQQ P Q XQZH F
RLQLD XQHZH [LIJQ COC OTWS CO OCQD XQZ PC FQOO [QHC C[L]D RD G]EG PHZQD JDIQG
[DN XQZ PHZQQ PQ
]CKJO ]OT GWCG ][LU CKJ [C HSD[Z ]C CLDGH GSHL LSD LSO HC PL[] L]O HFL EL] CO PCH G
PN [QHO ]CKJO CKHJ ]JSQ DH]NG LZG CHG ]CKJ LN GSDO GLOU R]L COH RQ GLOU PLL CO
UHGL LD[ P ]LUS GQF ]CIG VHUG ]CKJ MN ]LQH[F ]LD[UQ R[ED GEG GSHUK GJSQG
RLC ]HJSQD CLEHTG ]SZTQQ HCLDG TH]GH GQO CO OHTW RLSUO RN PE HZHG L[WO C
FHTL GSHUK ]CKJG PN FHTL RLSUO HZHG T[E PLLJ [GH ZLGO MNO ML[Y
CDL[OH RLQLD GFHDU RLSUO HZHG T[E P] HSD[H FHTLG FESN GEG GSHUK GJSQ MN
RHWY RHUK ][ LOND XQHZG HFLZ [QHO GQGD ]CKJO GJSQG GZHG
GJSQG GC[S DLGNZ MHSLJ ]JSQ [WTD D]N G]LQD GSLF GLOUD H]Q ]CKJ RLF RLSUO D
]HJSQ [CN PL[HLG LU GDL[Z CKHJ ]JSQH GI RLSUO ]CKJO GZHG CO
JUZ
DJ PLJDI PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
"PSLF GQ ONLGD PLFZ LFZ ]OLNC ONLGD HKJS PLQO ONLGD GYQZS GJSQ C HY
"JDIQG O ]LD[UQ]LQH[F R[Z ]QQ G]LG GQO D
"GQF R]Q RNLGH VHUG ]CKJ ]ZLOQ ]LUS G]LG RNLG E
FESN CHG PLSWG PJO LNLID ZHOLT ONLGD HSLYQ RN G[N ONLGD GYQZS GJSQ [IUOC LD[ [QC C
]HYQZSG ]HJSQD GYLQZG ]FHDU
RQ [HQJ OWK CGL COH FUHQ OGC J]W HKJH PL[N ONLGD HKJS PLQO RSJHL LD[ [QC
HQYU FUHQ OGC [ZLUG
LFZ VC P L[WO UQQ TH]D ODC G[HC R[Z FL OLUO U PLFZ LFZ CO ODC CZHF PLQO C
FDULFD PL[N PLFZ
HL]H]OF HLG HOLWC ONLGD KHJO [N GKHW C[DTD KZS GCQZ MHSLJ ]JSQ [WTD D
HQYU ONLGD KJHN CO JH]W ONLG J]W CGL ML[Y G[IUD KJHN CZHF ]HOHUS
RLC PE MC [ZLUG RQ [HQJ OWKG RLC PSQC MWGO D]N RCN R]LC GWYQ ]HGEGD HOLCH
VLFU CGL CO [ZLU G RN ]H]OF ]JL]W ML[Y OWK D PNH HSQQ OZ CHG MNO [HZQ
]H]OFN XHJD KJHG JSQG LWO GZG DIN FHF FZQ UH [DFD ZW]TS J ]HJSQ ]QC ]WDH HSQQ
QGC J ] W O LHC[ ]HLGO ML[Y XHJ LKHJD GC[SH ONLGD KHJO LHC[ PHQ ONLG CGL ]HOHUS ONLG
HQYU QGCO LHC[D LF RLCH DH]NN
FCQZ MHSLJ ]JSQ PL[N PLFZG FZD KJ HOLWC E
L[LLH PLFZ LFZ P PLONHCH ONLGO PLTSNS PLSGNG G[IUG ]C PLDLHC HWLZGN ZJFG ]UD
]HJSQ
RDQ[ LWU PLFZG FZD HOLWC OHNCO [WC ONLGG ]C HWLZG
GOUQO GOH GKQO GO PL[DF GO ]QQ G]LG ]LD[UQ ]LQH[F R[Z D
PFG L[L ]NLW RNH JDIQO GJSQG ]EG RNH P ]LUS G]LG VHUG ]CKJ O PF ]CIG GKQO
LQH[FLD[UQ FHTL OC PDQ[ PLQOH PC GOHU OH ]HLSHYLJ ]HCKJ O
HO MHQTG LQH[F FHTL OU PLNWS ]HLSHYLJ ]HCKJ PF L[LL PCG PLCS] HZOJS ES OLUOH
]HLQLSW ]HCKJN OCUQL LD[ LD[UQ FHTLO HC DNG RQ H]FL[LD
ROGON GQHZQ [ZLU P J[IQD GD[ CLGN VHUG ]OHU ]FHDUH PLQGH RLLG MHTLS GOUQO
C[ZTG KHJQ GKQO ]LD[UQ ]LQH[F R[ZD GQF ]CIGH PHZQ OND RLFG RQ G[N VHUG ]CKJ ]ZLOQ E
G]CIG PHZQD G]HUO M[FG JDIQD PHZQ OND G[N GZLOQG LWUC PLSHC[ HD]N C
I ZGUQ PDQ[U PFG MWLL CO LFN ]LQH[F ]LD[UQ R[ZD C[ZTG KHJQ GKQO
GFH] JDI UH D ]HJSQ TH]
LHYLQ PFHZ WSG PF [IW]L CO PHQ PC@ G[IUD PHZQ OND COH CZHF JDIQD G]ZLOQ PDQ[D UQQH
PLSHC[ LH > PLSZ L[ FDC[G H[LW U ZOHQ JDIQG OC GD[ZGG [JC DH]NG ][FQ HC GCIGH
ROGO TH] PLSZO GI[G H[LWD U GOLJ]NO G[N G[IUD PHZQ OND C]WTH]G LWU HD]N
GT
KUZ
]UF VTHL
C[ZTG KHJQ GKQO WSG PFQ KUQ R]L FDODH [N [JC PHZQD JDIQG OU GIGH [DU D
P QJO U PLZOHJ LH GKQO CG] GCIGG ON ML[Y FT L[WO CL KI ZGUQ PDQ[ LWU
PC VC LQF HQHZQN HQHZQD COF OCHQN PLKZHS GQ LWO PL[QHC LH RCN PL[WQDH
P ZQKL U PLZOHJ LH HT TH]U GOLNCD [HTC [DG COC G[N KHJGQ GOUQO R]S
FZG ][GKH R]S ZJ U ]DNUQ ]LQH[F ]LD[UQ R[Z HD]N LH HN GFH] JDI GN ]HC
FT VF
"RFG ]QH[]H G[HSQGH LQLSWG JDIQ RHLF G]YHSH VHUG ]C[HQ ]C PLNLOQ HLG RNLG C IY
"G]YHSD GC[HQG ]C ZH[IO ML[Y GLG ZJ[Q GILCO JDIQG D[UQD VHUG ]OHU ]C ZOQ RGNG D
"JDIQD PLFDHUG O GFL[LGH GLOUG LSHHLN PGQ E
]LD D PLJLSQ HLG HOC ON RFG ]QH[]H G[HSQGH LQLSWG JDIQ RHLF GYHSGH ZWIG VHUG ]C[HQ C
PH[FD DNG OLJ]Q PHZQQ ]HQC [UN HSQQ PLJWK GO ZJ[Q DNG O HJ[IQD PHZQ RFG
PHZQO MHQT UQQ RFG PHZQ OC GQFZ JDIQG OYC [QCS PHQ GI PHZQO PUKG
LHC[ CGL LFN ]HQC [U DNG ]OLJ]Q HGHZJL[ POHCH HLOC GJ[IQ JDIQGQ GFL[LG
CO MNO QLH PLSZ L[ FDC[G H[LW LWU ]LD[UQ ]LQH[F R[ZQ GZL[ID HLOC MLOGO
FLQ]O [WQDH CL GOLUQ TH]U GQC PL[UQ ]HJW GNOG RLC LN JDIQG VHE OC []HL HGHNQT
JN
]C H]ZL[ID RFG PHZQ ]C GC[L RGNG LFN DNG RQ PLJWK GO H]ZJ[G PUKH
U DNG [LJL CO LFN HC LSLTQ GQO CLG GODZ HC DDHTG OU FQHU [CN GC[HQG
K I GDFS W C[ZLH NH]O R[GC RD[Z UUH LCW]DH FLQ]O HH[LWDH P PLSZ FDC[
PHZQ OOHN@ ]HQC COQ []HL GLG JDIQG D[UQD ]LUS GOHUG [CN G]YHSD GC[HQG ]ZL[I ZJ[Q D
L[U CN OU EN DN OU DN O RHTNOCG ]FQN >HQYU Z[HIG
OZ [DFH GYHSH GC[HQQ []HL ]HWHUD OZ MO RLC PLSGN O PJN OHFE GQN GC[H CD RSJHL LD[ [QC@
>GQC PLOQ []HL PZ[HI RGNG PLQUW ZHJ[QO HZ[IO JHS RLC
]NTQ L[ FDC[U P CHG PHZQQ Z[HI UQQ > JLSGH COH@ MLOGH G[H] G[QCH OLCHG C
PLSZ
[CD]Q RN GSHGN LFEDD DHOQ HSLC RGND HC PL[ID G[N RFG ]LDO GC[HQG ]NOG D
INHKZ JSQ L[GH GF KS CQHLD TH]D FJC XH[L]Q
J[IQ RLQLO GSHWH HSLQLD DNG J[IQD GOHU HNH PLQF R]QO HC JDIQG OU [LKZGO GOHUG E
RLQL M[F COC RSLC ]HLSWG ON PH[FD[UQD F[HLH JDIQG ]C VLZQH JDIQG
JDIQG D[UQPH[FD HOC ]HLU J[IQD G]D[ CLGN VHUG]OHU ]HUO HC MHTLSO PLOHUG POHCH
HSLC [DFG PUKH HCD PHZQQ PDZU OU PL[IHJ COC JDIQG ]C PLWLZQ PSLCH D[UQD PLOHU RG
HI DZUO PL[IHJ MNOH RUD ]HQ] CQ VHUG ]OHU HSU]L CQ PLNTS VLZQH RLQLD GOHU
JDIQG RHHLNO PGLSWN PGO RLQL M[F
WZ